使用ElementTree示例在Python中解析XML

在Python中解析XML，可以使用ElementTree库。ElementTree是Python内置的库，可以方便地解析XML文档。以下是一个使用ElementTree解析XML的示例：

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

# 定义XML文档
xml_data = '''<?xml version="1.0"?><catalog>
   <book id="bk101">
     <author>Gambardella, Matthew</author>
     <title>XML Developer's Guide</title>
      <genre>Computer</genre>
     <price>44.95</price>
     <publish_date>2000-10-01</publish_date>
     <description>An in-depth look at creating applications with XML.</description>
   </book>
   <book id="bk102">
     <author>Ralls, Kim</author>
     <title>Midnight Rain</title>
      <genre>Fantasy</genre>
     <price>5.95</price>
     <publish_date>2000-12-16</publish_date>
     <description>A former architect battles corporate zombies and an evil sorceress.</description>
   </book>
</catalog>
'''

# 解析XML文档
root = ET.fromstring(xml_data)

# 获取所有的book元素
books = root.findall('book')

# 遍历所有的book元素
for book in books:
    # 获取book元素的属性
    book_id = book.get('id')
    print(f"Book ID: {book_id}")

    # 获取book元素的子元素
    author = book.find('author').text
    title = book.find('title').text
    genre = book.find('genre').text
    price = book.find('price').text
    publish_date = book.find('publish_date').text
    description = book.find('description').text

    # 输出book元素的子元素
    print(f"Author: {author}")
    print(f"Title: {title}")
    print(f"Genre: {genre}")
    print(f"Price: {price}")
    print(f"Publish Date: {publish_date}")
    print(f"Description: {description}")
    print()

运行上述代码，将输出以下结果：

Book ID: bk101
Author: Gambardella, Matthew
Title: XML Developer's Guide
Genre: Computer
Price: 44.95
Publish Date: 2000-10-01
Description: An in-depth look at creating applications with XML.

Book ID: bk102
Author: Ralls, Kim
Title: Midnight Rain
Genre: Fantasy
Price: 5.95
Publish Date: 2000-12-16
Description: A former architect battles corporate zombies and an evil sorceress.

在这个示例中，我们使用ElementTree库解析了一个包含两个book元素的XML文档。我们首先定义了XML文档，然后使用fromstring方法将其解析为一个Element对象。接着，我们使用findall方法获取所有的book元素，并遍历它们。对于每个book元素，我们使用get方法获取其属性，使用find方法获取其子元素，并输出它们的值。