C/C++内存管理_cpp

int globalVar = 1;
static int staticGlobalVar = 1;
void Test()
{
static int staticVar = 1;
int localVar = 1;
int num1[10] = { 1, 2, 3, 4 };
char char2[] = "abcd";
const char* pChar3 = "abcd";
int* ptr1 = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int) * 4);
int* ptr2 = (int*)calloc(4, sizeof(int));
int* ptr3 = (int*)realloc(ptr2, sizeof(int) * 4);
free(ptr1);
free(ptr3);
}
1. 选择题：
选项: A.栈 B.堆 C.数据段(静态区) D.代码段(常量区)
globalVar在哪里？____
staticGlobalVar在哪里？____
staticVar在哪里？____
localVar在哪里？____
num1 在哪里？____
char2在哪里？____
*char2在哪里？___
pChar3在哪里？____
*pChar3在哪里？____
ptr1在哪里？____
*ptr1在哪里？____

int main()
{
 
    int* p1 = new int;      // 动态申请一个int类型的空间
    int* p2 = new int[10];  // 动态申请10个int类型的空间
	int* p4 = new int[5]{1,2,3,4,5};// 动态申请5个空间,数组初始化为{1,2,3,4,5}
	int* p3 = new int(10);  // 动态申请一个int类型的空间并初始化为10
	
	delete p1;
	delete[] p2;
	delete p3;

	// new/delete 和 malloc/free最大区别是
    // new/delete 对于【自定义类型】除了开空间还会调用构造函数和析构函数

}

class A
{
public:
A(int a = 0)
: _a(a)
{
cout << "A():" << this << endl;
}
~A()
{
cout << "~A():" << this << endl;
}
private:
int _a;
};
int main()
{
// new/delete 和 malloc/free最大区别是 new/delete对于【自定义类型】除了开空间
还会调用构造函数和析构函数
A* p1 = (A*)malloc(sizeof(A));
A* p2 = new A(1);
free(p1);
delete p2;
// 内置类型是几乎是一样的
int* p3 = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int)); // C
int* p4 = new int;
free(p3);
delete p4;
A* p5 = (A*)malloc(sizeof(A)*10);
A* p6 = new A[10];
free(p5);
delete[] p6;
return 0;
}

/*
operator new：该函数实际通过malloc来申请空间，当malloc申请空间成功时直接返回；申请空间
失败，尝试执行空 间不足应对措施，如果改应对措施用户设置了，则继续申请，否
则抛异常。
*/
void *__CRTDECL operator new(size_t size) _THROW1(_STD bad_alloc)
{
// try to allocate size bytes
void *p;
while ((p = malloc(size)) == 0)
if (_callnewh(size) == 0)
{
// report no memory
// 如果申请内存失败了，这里会抛出bad_alloc 类型异常
static const std::bad_alloc nomem;
_RAISE(nomem);
}
return (p);
}
/*
operator delete: 该函数最终是通过free来释放空间的
*/
void operator delete(void *pUserData)
{
_CrtMemBlockHeader * pHead;
RTCCALLBACK(_RTC_Free_hook, (pUserData, 0));
if (pUserData == NULL)
return;
_mlock(_HEAP_LOCK); /* block other threads */
__TRY
/* get a pointer to memory block header */
pHead = pHdr(pUserData);
/* verify block type */
_ASSERTE(_BLOCK_TYPE_IS_VALID(pHead->nBlockUse));
_free_dbg( pUserData, pHead->nBlockUse );
__FINALLY
_munlock(_HEAP_LOCK); /* release other threads */
__END_TRY_FINALLY
return;
}