人工智能之编程进阶 Python高级：第五章 时间类模块

import time

# 1. 获取当前时间戳（浮点数，单位：秒）
ts = time.time()
print("时间戳:", ts)  # 1730987654.123456

# 2. 将时间戳转为本地时间元组（struct_time）
local = time.localtime(ts)
print("本地时间:", local)
# time.struct_time(tm_year=2025, tm_mon=11, tm_mday=7, ...)

# 3. 将时间戳转为 UTC 时间元组
utc = time.gmtime(ts)
print("UTC 时间:", utc)

# 4. 格式化时间（转为字符串）
formatted = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", local)
print("格式化时间:", formatted)  # 2025-11-07 18:55:00

# 5. 解析时间字符串（转为时间元组）
parsed = time.strptime("2025-11-07 18:55:00", "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
print("解析结果:", parsed)

# 6. 睡眠（暂停程序）
time.sleep(1)  # 暂停 1 秒

# 7. 获取可读时间字符串
print(time.ctime())  # Fri Nov  7 18:55:00 2025

import calendar

# 1. 判断是否为闰年
print(calendar.isleap(2024))  # True
print(calendar.isleap(2025))  # False

# 2. 获取某月日历（文本形式）
cal_text = calendar.month(2025, 11)
print(cal_text)
#    November 2025
# Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
#                1  2
#  3  4  5  6  7  8  9
# ...

# 3. 获取某月日历（列表形式）
weeks = calendar.monthcalendar(2025, 11)
print(weeks)
# [[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2],
#  [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], ...]

# 4. 获取星期几（Monday=0, Sunday=6）
weekday = calendar.weekday(2025, 11, 7)  # 2025-11-07 是星期五
print("星期:", weekday)  # 4

# 5. 设置一周起始日（默认 Monday=0）
calendar.setfirstweekday(calendar.SUNDAY)

# 6. 打印全年日历
# calendar.prcal(2025)

from datetime import datetime, date, time, timedelta, timezone

# 当前本地时间（无时区信息 → naive）
now = datetime.now()
print("当前时间:", now)  # 2025-11-07 18:55:00.123456

# 当前 UTC 时间
utc_now = datetime.utcnow()  # 已弃用！推荐下面方式
utc_now = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
print("UTC 时间:", utc_now)

# 创建具体日期时间
dt = datetime(2025, 11, 7, 18, 55, 30)
print(dt)  # 2025-11-07 18:55:30

# 仅日期
d = date(2025, 11, 7)

# 仅时间
t = time(18, 55, 30)

# 格式化为字符串
s = now.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
print(s)  # "2025-11-07 18:55:00"

# 从字符串解析（需指定格式）
dt_parsed = datetime.strptime("2025-11-07 18:55:00", "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
print(dt_parsed)  # datetime(2025, 11, 7, 18, 55)

# 1 天后
tomorrow = now + timedelta(days=1)

# 2 小时 30 分钟前
past = now - timedelta(hours=2, minutes=30)

# 计算两个时间差
diff = tomorrow - now
print(diff.days)        # 1
print(diff.total_seconds())  # 86400.0

# 支持：days, seconds, microseconds, milliseconds, minutes, hours, weeks

from datetime import timezone, timedelta

# UTC 时间
utc_dt = datetime.now(timezone.utc)

# 创建东八区（北京时间）
tz_beijing = timezone(timedelta(hours=8))
bj_dt = utc_dt.astimezone(tz_beijing)

# 或直接创建带时区的时间
bj_time = datetime(2025, 11, 7, 18, 55, tzinfo=tz_beijing)

print("UTC:", utc_dt)
print("北京:", bj_time)

# 获取今天日期
today = date.today()  # date(2025, 11, 7)

# 替换部分字段
new_dt = now.replace(year=2030, minute=0)

# 获取时间戳
ts = now.timestamp()  # 转为 float 时间戳

# 从时间戳创建 datetime
dt_from_ts = datetime.fromtimestamp(ts)

from datetime import date

def calculate_age(birth_date: date) -> int:
    today = date.today()
    return today.year - birth_date.year - ((today.month, today.day) < (birth_date.month, birth_date.day))

age = calculate_age(date(1990, 5, 15))

from datetime import datetime

log_time = datetime.now().strftime("[%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S]")
print(f"{log_time} INFO: 程序启动")
# [2025-11-07 18:55:00] INFO: 程序启动

last_run = datetime.now()
interval = timedelta(minutes=5)

if datetime.now() - last_run > interval:
    print("执行任务...")
    last_run = datetime.now()

from datetime import datetime, timezone
from zoneinfo import ZoneInfo  # Python 3.9+

user_tz = ZoneInfo("Asia/Shanghai")
utc_time = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
local_time = utc_time.astimezone(user_tz)