MySQL 读写分离：主从与只读连接的最小配置

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发布于 2025-11-18 18:49:40

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一句话承诺：一份 docker-compose + 两条配置，跑通主从与只读路由。

docker-compose（主从最小）

version: '3'
services:
  mysql-master:
    image: mysql:8
    environment:
      - MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=pass
      - MYSQL_REPLICATION_MODE=master
      - MYSQL_REPLICATION_USER=repl
      - MYSQL_REPLICATION_PASSWORD=replpass
    ports: ["3306:3306"]
  mysql-slave:
    image: bitnami/mysql:8
    environment:
      - MYSQL_REPLICATION_MODE=slave
      - MYSQL_REPLICATION_USER=repl
      - MYSQL_REPLICATION_PASSWORD=replpass
      - MYSQL_MASTER_HOST=mysql-master
      - MYSQL_MASTER_PORT_NUMBER=3306

连接路由示例（Node.js）

const mysql = require('mysql2/promise');
const pool = mysql.createPoolCluster();
pool.add('WRITE', { host: 'localhost', port: 3306, user: 'root', password: 'pass' });
pool.add('READ1', { host: 'localhost', port: 3307, user: 'root', password: 'pass' });

// 写
await (await pool.getConnection('WRITE')).query('INSERT INTO t VALUES (1)');
// 读
await (await pool.getConnection('READ*')).query('SELECT * FROM t');