028_钱包迁移安全全解：从冷迁移到零知识证明，构建2025年无缝资产转移防护体系

// 助记词安全导入工具示例
class SecureMnemonicImporter {
  constructor() {
    this.securityChecks = new SecurityCheckManager();
    this.visualVerification = new VisualVerificationEngine();
    this.mnemonicValidator = new BIP39Validator();
    this.environmentScanner = new SecureEnvironmentScanner();
  }
  
  // 环境安全检查
  async checkImportEnvironment() {
    const scanResult = await this.environmentScanner.scan();
    
    // 安全等级评估
    const securityLevel = this.evaluateSecurityLevel(scanResult);
    
    if (securityLevel < this.MINIMUM_SECURITY_LEVEL) {
      throw new SecurityWarning(
        `环境安全等级不足 (${securityLevel}/10)，建议在更安全的环境中操作`,
        scanResult.issues
      );
    }
    
    return {
      secure: securityLevel >= this.MINIMUM_SECURITY_LEVEL,
      securityLevel,
      recommendations: this.generateRecommendations(scanResult)
    };
  }
  
  // 助记词分段输入与验证
  async secureImportProcess(mnemonicWords) {
    // 1. 初步格式验证
    const formatCheck = this.mnemonicValidator.checkFormat(mnemonicWords);
    if (!formatCheck.valid) {
      throw new MnemonicError("助记词格式错误: " + formatCheck.error);
    }
    
    // 2. 安全检查
    await this.checkImportEnvironment();
    
    // 3. 分段显示与验证
    const segments = this.splitMnemonicIntoSegments(mnemonicWords);
    const verifiedSegments = [];
    
    for (let i = 0; i < segments.length; i++) {
      // 显示当前段落并隐藏其他
      const displayResult = this.visualVerification.displaySegment(
        segments[i],
        i,
        segments.length
      );
      
      // 用户验证
      const userConfirmed = await this.requestUserConfirmation(displayResult);
      if (!userConfirmed) {
        throw new ImportError("用户取消了导入过程");
      }
      
      verifiedSegments.push(segments[i]);
    }
    
    // 4. 重新组合并最终验证
    const recombinedMnemonic = this.recombineSegments(verifiedSegments);
    
    // 5. 生成地址样本用于验证
    const sampleAddresses = await this.generateSampleAddresses(recombinedMnemonic);
    
    // 6. 验证生成的地址
    return {
      mnemonic: recombinedMnemonic,
      isValid: this.mnemonicValidator.validate(recombinedMnemonic),
      sampleAddresses,
      importTime: new Date().toISOString()
    };
  }
  
  // 派生路径兼容性检查
  async checkDerivationPathCompatibility(mnemonic, targetWallet) {
    // 获取目标钱包支持的派生路径
    const supportedPaths = await this.getWalletDerivationPaths(targetWallet);
    
    // 测试不同路径生成的地址
    const pathResults = [];
    for (const path of supportedPaths) {
      try {
        const addresses = await this.generateAddressesFromPath(mnemonic, path);
        pathResults.push({
          path,
          success: true,
          sampleAddress: addresses[0]
        });
      } catch (error) {
        pathResults.push({
          path,
          success: false,
          error: error.message
        });
      }
    }
    
    return pathResults;
  }
}

// 地址安全验证系统
class AddressVerificationSystem {
  constructor() {
    this.verificationMethods = {
      checksum: new ChecksumVerifier(),
      visual: new VisualAddressVerifier(),
      blockchain: new BlockchainAddressChecker(),
      historical: new HistoricalAddressAnalyzer()
    };
    this.addressBook = new SecureAddressBook();
    this.auditLog = new VerificationAuditLogger();
  }
  
  // 多重地址验证
  async verifyAddress(address, blockchain, additionalInfo = {}) {
    const verificationResults = {};
    let overallScore = 0;
    
    // 执行所有验证方法
    for (const [method, verifier] of Object.entries(this.verificationMethods)) {
      try {
        verificationResults[method] = await verifier.verify(
          address,
          blockchain,
          additionalInfo
        );
        
        // 累加验证分数
        overallScore += verificationResults[method].score * 
                        this.getMethodWeight(method);
      } catch (error) {
        verificationResults[method] = {
          success: false,
          error: error.message,
          score: 0
        };
      }
    }
    
    // 检查地址簿
    const addressBookCheck = this.addressBook.checkAddress(address, blockchain);
    if (addressBookCheck.found) {
      overallScore += 0.2; // 地址簿匹配额外加分
      verificationResults.addressBook = {
        success: true,
        score: 1,
        entry: addressBookCheck.entry
      };
    }
    
    // 记录验证过程
    await this.auditLog.logVerification({
      address,
      blockchain,
      timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
      verificationResults,
      overallScore: Math.min(overallScore, 1) // 确保分数不超过1
    });
    
    return {
      address,
      blockchain,
      isVerified: overallScore >= 0.7, // 70%以上认为验证通过
      confidenceScore: Math.min(overallScore, 1),
      verificationDetails: verificationResults,
      warnings: this.generateWarnings(verificationResults)
    };
  }
  
  // 地址可视化比较
  generateVisualComparison(address1, address2) {
    // 生成地址的视觉表示
    const visual1 = this.verificationMethods.visual.generateVisual(address1);
    const visual2 = this.verificationMethods.visual.generateVisual(address2);
    
    // 比较视觉表示的差异
    const differences = this.verificationMethods.visual.compareVisuals(
      visual1,
      visual2
    );
    
    return {
      visual1,
      visual2,
      differences,
      similarity: 1 - differences.length / Math.max(visual1.length, visual2.length)
    };
  }
  
  // 安全地址簿管理
  async addToAddressBook(address, blockchain, metadata) {
    // 首先验证地址
    const verification = await this.verifyAddress(address, blockchain);
    
    if (verification.isVerified) {
      // 添加到地址簿（加密存储）
      const entryId = await this.addressBook.addEntry({
        address,
        blockchain,
        metadata,
        verificationScore: verification.confidenceScore,
        addedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
        lastVerified: new Date().toISOString()
      });
      
      return {
        success: true,
        entryId,
        verification
      };
    }
    
    throw new AddressError(
      `地址验证失败，无法添加到地址簿 (置信度: ${verification.confidenceScore.toFixed(2)})`,
      verification
    );
  }
}

// HD钱包迁移工具示例
class HDWalletMigrationTool {
  constructor() {
    this.pathConverter = new DerivationPathConverter();
    this.keyValidator = new ExtendedKeyValidator();
    this.addressGenerator = new HDAddressGenerator();
    this.compatibilityChecker = new WalletCompatibilityChecker();
  }
  
  // 迁移准备检查
  async checkMigrationCompatibility(sourceWallet, targetWallet) {
    // 检查两个钱包的兼容性
    const compatibility = await this.compatibilityChecker.check(
      sourceWallet,
      targetWallet
    );
    
    if (!compatibility.isCompatible) {
      throw new CompatibilityError(
        "钱包不兼容",
        compatibility.incompatibilityReasons
      );
    }
    
    // 生成迁移建议
    const migrationPlan = this.generateMigrationPlan(compatibility);
    
    return {
      compatible: compatibility.isCompatible,
      details: compatibility,
      migrationPlan,
      estimatedTime: this.estimateMigrationTime(compatibility)
    };
  }
  
  // 扩展密钥安全迁移
  async secureExtendedKeyMigration(extendedKey, password, targetWallet) {
    // 验证扩展密钥
    const validation = this.keyValidator.validate(extendedKey);
    if (!validation.isValid) {
      throw new KeyError("无效的扩展密钥: " + validation.error);
    }
    
    // 检查密码强度
    const passwordStrength = this.checkPasswordStrength(password);
    if (passwordStrength < this.MIN_PASSWORD_STRENGTH) {
      throw new SecurityWarning(
        `密码强度不足 (${passwordStrength}/10)，建议使用更强的密码`
      );
    }
    
    // 加密扩展密钥
    const encryptedKey = this.encryptExtendedKey(extendedKey, password);
    
    // 安全导入到目标钱包
    const importResult = await this.importToWallet(
      encryptedKey,
      password,
      targetWallet
    );
    
    // 验证导入结果
    const verification = await this.verifyImportResult(
      importResult,
      validation
    );
    
    return {
      success: verification.isValid,
      importDetails: importResult,
      verification,
      migrationTime: new Date().toISOString()
    };
  }
  
  // 地址树验证
  async verifyAddressTree(extendedKey, derivationPaths, expectedAddresses) {
    const verificationResults = {};
    let allVerified = true;
    
    for (const path of derivationPaths) {
      try {
        // 从路径生成地址
        const generatedAddresses = await this.addressGenerator.generateFromPath(
          extendedKey,
          path,
          expectedAddresses[path]?.length || 5
        );
        
        // 验证生成的地址
        const expected = expectedAddresses[path] || [];
        const matches = this.compareAddressLists(generatedAddresses, expected);
        
        verificationResults[path] = {
          success: matches.allMatch,
          matchedCount: matches.matched,
          totalCount: matches.total,
          addresses: matches.details
        };
        
        if (!matches.allMatch) {
          allVerified = false;
        }
      } catch (error) {
        verificationResults[path] = {
          success: false,
          error: error.message
        };
        allVerified = false;
      }
    }
    
    return {
      allPathsVerified: allVerified,
      perPathResults: verificationResults,
      summary: this.generateVerificationSummary(verificationResults)
    };
  }
}

用户 → 证明生成器: 私钥/拥有权
证明生成器 → 零知识证明: 不包含私钥的证明
零知识证明 → 验证器: 验证证明有效性
验证器 → 区块链: 执行迁移交易
区块链 → 目标钱包: 资产转移完成

// 零知识迁移系统核心组件
class ZKWalletMigrationSystem {
  constructor() {
    this.proofGenerator = new ZKProofGenerator();
    this.proofVerifier = new ZKProofVerifier();
    this.transactionBuilder = new SecureTransactionBuilder();
    this.secureChannel = new EndToEndSecureChannel();
  }
  
  // 初始化迁移会话
  async initializeMigrationSession(sourceWallet, targetWallet) {
    // 验证钱包支持
    const walletSupport = await this.checkWalletSupport(sourceWallet, targetWallet);
    if (!walletSupport.supported) {
      throw new UnsupportedWalletError(
        "钱包不支持零知识迁移",
        walletSupport.unsupportedReasons
      );
    }
    
    // 建立安全通信通道
    const sessionId = await this.secureChannel.createSession(sourceWallet, targetWallet);
    
    return {
      sessionId,
      sourceWallet,
      targetWallet,
      initializedAt: new Date().toISOString()
    };
  }
  
  // 生成零知识证明
  async generateMigrationProof(sessionId, sourceWalletCredentials) {
    // 验证会话
    const session = await this.secureChannel.getSession(sessionId);
    
    // 生成证明（私钥不离开用户设备）
    const proof = await this.proofGenerator.generate(
      sourceWalletCredentials,
      session.sourceWallet,
      session.targetWallet
    );
    
    return {
      proof,
      sessionId,
      generatedAt: new Date().toISOString()
    };
  }
  
  // 验证迁移证明
  async verifyMigrationProof(migrationProof) {
    // 验证证明格式和签名
    const proofValidation = this.proofVerifier.validateFormat(migrationProof.proof);
    if (!proofValidation.isValid) {
      throw new InvalidProofError("证明格式无效: " + proofValidation.error);
    }
    
    // 验证证明内容
    const verificationResult = await this.proofVerifier.verify(migrationProof.proof);
    
    return {
      isValid: verificationResult.verified,
      details: verificationResult,
      verifiedAt: new Date().toISOString()
    };
  }
  
  // 执行安全迁移
  async executeSecureMigration(migrationProof) {
    // 验证迁移证明
    const verification = await this.verifyMigrationProof(migrationProof);
    
    if (!verification.isValid) {
      throw new MigrationError("迁移证明无效，无法执行迁移");
    }
    
    // 构建迁移交易
    const migrationTransaction = this.transactionBuilder.buildMigrationTransaction(
      migrationProof,
      verification.details
    );
    
    // 提交迁移交易
    const transactionResult = await this.submitMigrationTransaction(migrationTransaction);
    
    // 监控迁移完成
    const completionStatus = await this.monitorMigrationCompletion(transactionResult);
    
    return {
      success: completionStatus.completed,
      transactionId: transactionResult.transactionId,
      details: completionStatus,
      completedAt: new Date().toISOString()
    };
  }
}

// 零知识批量迁移系统
class ZKBatchMigrationSystem {
  constructor() {
    this.proofSystem = new ZKProofSystem();
    this.batchOptimizer = new BatchProofOptimizer();
    this.assetSelector = new AssetSelector();
    this.migrationCoordinator = new MigrationCoordinator();
  }
  
  // 批量资产分析与选择
  async analyzeAndSelectAssets(sourceWallet, selectionCriteria) {
    // 获取源钱包的所有资产
    const allAssets = await this.fetchWalletAssets(sourceWallet);
    
    // 分析资产属性和关联性
    const assetAnalysis = this.analyzeAssets(allAssets);
    
    // 根据选择标准过滤资产
    const selectedAssets = this.assetSelector.select(
      allAssets,
      selectionCriteria,
      assetAnalysis
    );
    
    // 优化资产分组
    const optimizedGroups = this.batchOptimizer.optimizeGroups(
      selectedAssets,
      selectionCriteria.performanceConstraints
    );
    
    return {
      totalAssets: allAssets.length,
      selectedAssets: selectedAssets.length,
      assetGroups: optimizedGroups,
      selectionCriteria,
      analysis: assetAnalysis
    };
  }
  
  // 生成批量迁移证明
  async generateBatchMigrationProof(assetGroups, targetAddress) {
    const groupProofs = [];
    
    // 为每个资产组生成证明
    for (let i = 0; i < assetGroups.length; i++) {
      const group = assetGroups[i];
      
      // 生成组级别的零知识证明
      const groupProof = await this.proofSystem.generateGroupProof(
        group.assets,
        targetAddress,
        group.optimizationParameters
      );
      
      groupProofs.push({
        groupId: group.id,
        assetCount: group.assets.length,
        proof: groupProof,
        estimatedGas: this.estimateGasUsage(groupProof)
      });
    }
    
    // 生成整体迁移证明
    const batchProof = this.createBatchProof(groupProofs, targetAddress);
    
    return {
      batchProof,
      groupProofs,
      totalGroups: assetGroups.length,
      totalAssets: assetGroups.reduce((sum, group) => sum + group.assets.length, 0),
      generatedAt: new Date().toISOString()
    };
  }
  
  // 执行批量安全迁移
  async executeBatchMigration(batchProof, executionStrategy) {
    // 验证批量证明
    const verification = await this.verifyBatchProof(batchProof);
    
    if (!verification.isValid) {
      throw new MigrationError("批量证明验证失败");
    }
    
    // 根据执行策略执行迁移
    const migrationResults = [];
    
    for (const groupProof of batchProof.groupProofs) {
      // 检查执行条件
      if (!this.checkExecutionConditions(groupProof, executionStrategy)) {
        migrationResults.push({
          groupId: groupProof.groupId,
          status: "skipped",
          reason: "执行条件未满足"
        });
        continue;
      }
      
      // 执行组迁移
      const groupResult = await this.migrationCoordinator.executeGroupMigration(
        groupProof,
        executionStrategy
      );
      
      migrationResults.push({
        groupId: groupProof.groupId,
        status: groupResult.success ? "completed" : "failed",
        transactionId: groupResult.transactionId,
        error: groupResult.error
      });
      
      // 检查是否需要暂停
      if (executionStrategy.pauseBetweenGroups && i < batchProof.groupProofs.length - 1) {
        await this.pauseBetweenGroups(executionStrategy.pauseDuration);
      }
    }
    
    // 汇总结果
    const summary = this.generateMigrationSummary(migrationResults);
    
    return {
      migrationResults,
      summary,
      completedAt: new Date().toISOString()
    };
  }
  
  // 迁移监控与验证
  async monitorBatchMigration(batchResult) {
    const monitoringResults = [];
    
    for (const result of batchResult.migrationResults) {
      if (result.status === "completed" && result.transactionId) {
        // 监控交易确认
        const confirmationStatus = await this.monitorTransactionConfirmation(
          result.transactionId
        );
        
        // 验证资产到达目标钱包
        const arrivalVerification = await this.verifyAssetsArrival(
          result.groupId,
          batchResult.targetAddress
        );
        
        monitoringResults.push({
          groupId: result.groupId,
          transactionStatus: confirmationStatus,
          assetVerification: arrivalVerification,
          isFinalized: confirmationStatus.confirmed && 
                       arrivalVerification.allAssetsArrived
        });
      }
    }
    
    return {
      monitoringResults,
      allFinalized: monitoringResults.every(r => r.isFinalized),
      monitoringTime: new Date().toISOString()
    };
  }
}

// MPC钱包迁移协议
class MPCWalletMigrationProtocol {
  constructor(participants, threshold) {
    this.participants = participants;
    this.threshold = threshold;
    this.mpcEngine = new SecureMPCEngine();
    this.keyManager = new DistributedKeyManager();
    this.signingProtocol = new ThresholdSigningProtocol(threshold);
  }
  
  // 初始化MPC迁移会话
  async initializeMigrationSession(sourceWallet, targetWallet) {
    // 验证参与方
    const participantValidation = await this.validateParticipants();
    if (!participantValidation.allValid) {
      throw new ParticipantError(
        "参与方验证失败",
        participantValidation.invalidParticipants
      );
    }
    
    // 创建安全通信通道
    const communicationChannels = await this.establishSecureChannels();
    
    // 初始化MPC会话
    const sessionId = await this.mpcEngine.createSession({
      participants: this.participants,
      threshold: this.threshold,
      purpose: "wallet_migration",
      sourceWallet,
      targetWallet
    });
    
    // 分发会话信息
    await this.distributeSessionInfo(sessionId, communicationChannels);
    
    return {
      sessionId,
      participants: this.participants.length,
      threshold: this.threshold,
      initializedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
      communicationStatus: communicationChannels.status
    };
  }
  
  // 密钥分片生成与分发
  async generateAndDistributeKeyShares(sessionId) {
    // 从源钱包提取密钥材料
    const keyMaterial = await this.extractKeyMaterial(sessionId);
    
    // 使用MPC协议生成密钥分片
    const keySharingResult = await this.mpcEngine.performKeySharing(
      sessionId,
      keyMaterial,
      this.threshold,
      this.participants.length
    );
    
    // 验证密钥分片
    const verificationResult = await this.verifyKeyShares(
      keySharingResult.shares,
      keyMaterial
    );
    
    if (!verificationResult.isValid) {
      throw new KeySharingError("密钥分片验证失败");
    }
    
    // 安全分发密钥分片
    await this.distributeKeyShares(
      sessionId,
      keySharingResult.shares
    );
    
    return {
      success: true,
      shareCount: keySharingResult.shares.length,
      threshold: this.threshold,
      distributionTime: new Date().toISOString()
    };
  }
  
  // 多方授权迁移
  async authorizeMigration(sessionId, migrationDetails) {
    // 收集参与方授权
    const authorizations = await this.collectParticipantAuthorizations(
      sessionId,
      migrationDetails
    );
    
    // 验证授权数量
    if (authorizations.length < this.threshold) {
      throw new AuthorizationError(
        `授权数量不足，需要 ${this.threshold} 个授权，仅收到 ${authorizations.length} 个`
      );
    }
    
    // 生成授权证明
    const authorizationProof = await this.generateAuthorizationProof(
      sessionId,
      authorizations,
      migrationDetails
    );
    
    return {
      authorized: true,
      authorizationCount: authorizations.length,
      proof: authorizationProof,
      authorizedAt: new Date().toISOString()
    };
  }
  
  // 执行MPC迁移
  async executeMPCMigration(sessionId, authorizationProof, migrationDetails) {
    // 验证授权证明
    const proofVerification = await this.verifyAuthorizationProof(
      sessionId,
      authorizationProof
    );
    
    if (!proofVerification.isValid) {
      throw new MigrationError("授权证明验证失败");
    }
    
    // 构建迁移交易
    const migrationTransaction = await this.buildMigrationTransaction(
      sessionId,
      migrationDetails
    );
    
    // 执行阈值签名
    const signatureResult = await this.signingProtocol.performThresholdSigning(
      sessionId,
      migrationTransaction,
      this.threshold
    );
    
    // 提交签名后的交易
    const transactionResult = await this.submitSignedTransaction(
      migrationTransaction,
      signatureResult.signature
    );
    
    return {
      success: transactionResult.success,
      transactionId: transactionResult.transactionId,
      signatureDetails: signatureResult,
      executedAt: new Date().toISOString()
    };
  }
  
  // 迁移结果验证
  async verifyMigrationResult(sessionId, transactionResult) {
    // 监控交易确认
    const confirmationStatus = await this.monitorTransactionConfirmation(
      transactionResult.transactionId
    );
    
    if (!confirmationStatus.confirmed) {
      throw new VerificationError("交易未确认");
    }
    
    // 验证资产到达目标钱包
    const sessionInfo = await this.getSessionInfo(sessionId);
    const arrivalVerification = await this.verifyAssetArrival(
      sessionInfo.sourceWallet,
      sessionInfo.targetWallet,
      transactionResult
    );
    
    // 清理会话资源
    await this.cleanupSessionResources(sessionId);
    
    return {
      success: arrivalVerification.allAssetsArrived,
      transactionStatus: confirmationStatus,
      assetVerification: arrivalVerification,
      completedAt: new Date().toISOString()
    };
  }
}