深度盘点：WPF 多语言切换的 4 种方案

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发布于 2025-11-13 18:55:50

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在WPF中有多种方式可以实现多语言，这里提供几种常用的方式。

一、使用XML实现多语言切换

使用XML实现多语言的思路就是使用XML作为绑定的数据源。主要用到XmlDataProvider类.

使用XmlDataProvider.Source属性指定XML文件的路径或通过XmlDataProvider.Document指定XML文档对象，XmlDataProvider.XPath属性指定绑定的路径。

新建一个WPF工程，在debug目录下创建两个StrResource.xml文件，分别置于en-US和zh-CN文件夹

debug\en-US\StrResource.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Language>
    <Main_Title>Login Form</Main_Title>
    <Main_UserName>UserName</Main_UserName>
    <Main_Password>Password</Main_Password>
    <Main_Button>Login</Main_Button>
    <Window1_Title>Main Form</Window1_Title>
    <Window1_Label>Welcome</Window1_Label>
</Language>

debug\zh-CN\StrResource.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Language>
    <Main_Title>登陆窗体</Main_Title>
    <Main_UserName>用户名</Main_UserName>
    <Main_Password>密码</Main_Password>
    <Main_Button>登陆</Main_Button>
    <Window1_Title>主界面</Window1_Title>
    <Window1_Label>欢迎</Window1_Label>
</Language>

主窗体XAML

<StackPanel>
        <Label Content="{Binding XPath=Main_UserName}"></Label>
        <TextBox></TextBox>
        <Label Name="Password" Content="{Binding XPath=Main_Password}"></Label>
        <TextBox></TextBox>
        <Button Height="20" Margin="10,5" Background="LightSkyBlue" Name="Login" Content="{Binding XPath=Main_Button}" Click="Login_Click"></Button>
        <ComboBox Name="combox" SelectedIndex="0" SelectionChanged="combox_SelectionChanged">
            <ComboBoxItem>中文</ComboBoxItem>
            <ComboBoxItem>English</ComboBoxItem>
        </ComboBox>
</StackPanel>

在后台代码中，将XmlDataProvider对象绑定到界面即可

XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
XmlDataProvider xdp = new XmlDataProvider();
doc.Load("./zh-CN/language.xml");  //在切换语言时，重新加载xml文档，并重新绑定到界面即可
xdp.Document = doc;
xdp.XPath = @"/Language";
this.DataContext = xdp;

运行效果如下：

二、使用资源字典实现多语言切换

资源字典的实现方式也比较简单，这是最常用的一种方式。

主要实现步骤是：将要显示的字符绑定到资源文件，然后在切换语言时用代码更改当前使用的资源文件即可。

创建一个WPF工程，添加一个language目录，再添加en-US和zh-CN目录。再分别在目录下创建资源字典文件，内容如下：

language\en-US.xaml

<ResourceDictionary xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
                    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
                    xmlns:s="clr-namespace:System;assembly=mscorlib">
    <s:String x:Key="Main.Title">Main Form</s:String>
    <s:String x:Key="Main.RibbonTab.Setting">Setting</s:String>
    <s:String x:Key="Main.RibbonGroup.Setting">All Setting</s:String>
    <s:String x:Key="Main.RibbonButton.Setting">Setting</s:String>
    <s:String x:Key="Main.RibbonButton.Setting.Title">Setting</s:String>
    <s:String x:Key="Main.RibbonButton.Setting.Description">All Setting Include Language</s:String>
    <s:String x:Key="Setting.Title">Setting</s:String>
    <s:String x:Key="Setting.Tab.Language">Language Setting</s:String>
    <s:String x:Key="Setting.Tab.Label.ChooseLanguage">Please choose a language</s:String>
</ResourceDictionary>

language\zh-CN.xaml

<ResourceDictionary xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
                    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
                    xmlns:s="clr-namespace:System;assembly=mscorlib">
    <s:String x:Key="Main.Title">主界面</s:String>
    <s:String x:Key="Main.RibbonTab.Setting">设置</s:String>
    <s:String x:Key="Main.RibbonGroup.Setting">全部设置</s:String>
    <s:String x:Key="Main.RibbonButton.Setting">设置</s:String>
    <s:String x:Key="Main.RibbonButton.Setting.Title">设置</s:String>
    <s:String x:Key="Main.RibbonButton.Setting.Description">包括语言在内的全部设置</s:String>
    <s:String x:Key="Setting.Title">设置</s:String>
    <s:String x:Key="Setting.Tab.Language">语言设置</s:String>
    <s:String x:Key="Setting.Tab.Label.ChooseLanguage">请选择一种语言</s:String>
</ResourceDictionary>

主窗体XAML

<TabControl>
   <TabItem Header="{DynamicResource Setting.Tab.Language}">
       <StackPanel>
          <TextBlock VerticalAlignment="Top" Margin="5,5,5,0" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Text="{DynamicResource Setting.Tab.Label.ChooseLanguage}">
          </TextBlock>
          <ComboBox Height="20"  VerticalAlignment="Top" Margin="5,10" Width="200" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Name="combox_Language" SelectionChanged="combox_Language_SelectionChanged">
             <ComboBoxItem>中文</ComboBoxItem>
             <ComboBoxItem>English</ComboBoxItem>
           </ComboBox>
       </StackPanel>
   </TabItem>
</TabControl>

后台代码

private void combox_Language_SelectionChanged(object sender, SelectionChangedEventArgs e)
{
      ChangeLanguage(this.combox_Language.SelectedIndex);
}


/// <summary>
/// 切换 语言
/// </summary>
/// <param name="index"></param>
public void ChangeLanguage(int index)
{
    ResourceDictionary rd = new ResourceDictionary();
    switch(index)
    {
        case 0:
           rd.Source = new Uri("Language/zh-CN.xaml", UriKind.Relative);
           break;
        case 1:
            rd.Source = new Uri("Language/en-US.xaml", UriKind.Relative);
            break;
        default:
            break;
    }            
    Application.Current.Resources.MergedDictionaries[0] = rd;
}

运行效果如下：

三、使用资源文件实现多语言切换

这种方式的实现也比较简单，也是将字符绑定到资源文件(.resx)

但需要注意的是，这种方式是静态的，不能实现动态切换。只能在启动时更改。

创建一个WPF工程，添加一个字符资源文件StrResources.resx作为默认的字符资源文件，再添加一个StrResources.zh-CN.resx做为中文字符资源（因为我用于演示的这台电脑系统是英文的）

注意：需要将访问修饰符改为public，否则运行会报错

主界面XAML

<Grid>
        <Label HorizontalAlignment="Left" VerticalAlignment="Top" Content="{x:Static local:StrResources.ChangeLanguage}"></Label>
        <ComboBox HorizontalAlignment="Left" VerticalAlignment="Top" Margin="120,5,0,0" Width="200" Name="combox_Culture">
            <ComboBoxItem Content="{x:Static local:StrResources.zh_CN}"></ComboBoxItem>
            <ComboBoxItem Content="{x:Static local:StrResources.en_US}"></ComboBoxItem>
        </ComboBox>

        <Button Content="{x:Static local:StrResources.OK}" Width="88" Height="28" HorizontalAlignment="Right" VerticalAlignment="Bottom" Margin="0,0,120,0"/>
        <Button Content="{x:Static local:StrResources.Cancel}" Width="88" Height="28" HorizontalAlignment="Right" VerticalAlignment="Bottom" Margin="0,0,10,0"/>
    </Grid>

主界面后台逻辑

public partial class MainWindow : Window
{
        public MainWindow()
        {
            InitializeComponent();

            LoadCulture();
        }

        public void LoadCulture()
        {
            if(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture.Name== "zh-CN")
            {
                combox_Culture.SelectedIndex = 0;
            }
            else
            {
                combox_Culture.SelectedIndex = 1;
            }
        }
}

在Application类的Startup事件中可以切换语言，但在程序运行后无法再切换

public partial class App : Application
{
        private void Application_Startup(object sender, StartupEventArgs e)
        {
            //在这里可以更改语言
            ChangeCulture(0);
        }

        public void ChangeCulture(int index)
        {
            string cultureName = "";

            switch (index)
            {
                case 0:
                    cultureName = "zh-CN";
                    break;
                case 1:
                    cultureName = "en-US";
                    break;
                default:
                    cultureName = "en-US";
                    break;
            }

            Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = new CultureInfo(cultureName);
            Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = new CultureInfo(cultureName);
        }
}

运行效果：

四、使用json文件实现多语言切换

这种方式实现多语言切换有点麻烦，但可以使用json作为语言文件（其它格式文件其实也可以.txt .xml .csv）。

这种方式的实现原理是使用索引器方法查找每个字段值，然后绑定到界面上。支持动态切换

在debug目录下创建

zh-CN.json

{
  "OK": "确定",
  "Cancel": "取消",
  "ChangeLanguage": "更改语言",
  "zh_CN": "中文",
  "en_US": "English"
}

en-US.json

{
  "OK": "OK",
  "Cancel": "Cancel",
  "ChangeLanguage": "Change language",
  "zh_CN": "中文",
  "en_US": "English"
}

封装一个绑定通知类，这个类用于切换语言时，绑定的通知更新。

/// <summary>
/// 绑定通知类
/// </summary>
public class NotifyPropertyChanged : INotifyPropertyChanged
{
   public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;

   protected void RaisePropertyChanged(string PropertyName)
   {
       PropertyChanged?.Invoke(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(PropertyName));
   }

   protected void OnPropertyChanged([CallerMemberName] string PropertyName = null)
   {
       RaisePropertyChanged(PropertyName);
   }

   protected void RaiseAllChanged()
   {
       RaisePropertyChanged("");
   }
}

创建一个语言字段类，这个类用于封装所有的语言字段。这一步确实就比较麻烦了，每个字段都得封装一个属性。

/// <summary>
/// 语言字段类
/// </summary>
public class LanguageFields : NotifyPropertyChanged
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 需要被重写的方法 用于获取语言字段值
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="key"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    protected virtual string GetValue(string key) => "";

    protected virtual void SetValue(string Key, string value) { }

    /// <summary>
    /// 使用CallerMemberName特性传递当前属性名
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="propertyName"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    string Get([CallerMemberName] string propertyName = null)
    {
        return GetValue(propertyName);
    }

    void Set(string value, [CallerMemberName] string propertyName = null)
    {
        SetValue(propertyName, value);
    }

    public string OK { get => Get(); set => Set(value); }
    public string Cancel { get => Get(); set => Set(value); }
    public string ChangeLanguage { get => Get(); set => Set(value); }
    public string zh_CN { get => Get(); set => Set(value); }
    public string en_US { get => Get(); set => Set(value); }
}

创建一个语言切换帮助类，这个类可以对当前使用的语言以及字段值进行操作

public class LanguageHelper : LanguageFields
    {
        private JObject currentLanguage;           //当前语言的JObject对象
        private static readonly string dir = Environment.CurrentDirectory;  //语言文件夹
        private CultureInfo currentCulture;   //当前语言

        public static LanguageHelper Instance { get; } = new LanguageHelper();

        LanguageHelper()
        {
            CurrentCulture = CultureInfo.CurrentCulture;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 当前语言属性 当值更新时，加载语言并更新绑定
        /// </summary>
        public CultureInfo CurrentCulture
        {
            get => currentCulture;
            set
            {
                currentCulture = value;
                CultureInfo.CurrentUICulture = value;
                currentLanguage = LoadLang(value.Name);
                LanguageChanged?.Invoke(value);
                RaiseAllChanged();
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 加载语言文件
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="LanguageId"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        JObject LoadLang(string LanguageId)
        {
            try
            {
                var filePath = System.IO.Path.Combine(dir, $"{LanguageId}.json");
                return JObject.Parse(File.ReadAllText(filePath));
            }
            catch
            {
                return new JObject();
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 索引器方法 用于查找语言字段值
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="Key"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public string this[string Key]
        {
            get
            {
                if (Key == null)
                    return "";

                if (currentLanguage != null && currentLanguage.TryGetValue(Key, out var value) && value.ToString() is string s && !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(s))
                    return s;

                return Key;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 重写 GetValue方法，调用索引器方法
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="PropertyName"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        protected override string GetValue(string PropertyName) => this[PropertyName];

        /// <summary>
        /// 语言更改事件
        /// </summary>
        public event Action<CultureInfo> LanguageChanged;
    }

主窗体XAML

<Grid>
   <Label HorizontalAlignment="Left" VerticalAlignment="Top" Content="{Binding ChangeLanguage, Source={StaticResource LangManger}, Mode=OneWay}"></Label>
   <ComboBox HorizontalAlignment="Left" VerticalAlignment="Top" Margin="120,5,0,0" Width="200" Name="combox_Culture" SelectionChanged="combox_Culture_SelectionChanged">
       <ComboBoxItem Content="{Binding zh_CN, Source={StaticResource LangManger}, Mode=OneWay}"></ComboBoxItem>
       <ComboBoxItem Content="{Binding en_US, Source={StaticResource LangManger}, Mode=OneWay}"></ComboBoxItem>
    </ComboBox>

    <Button Content="{Binding OK, Source={StaticResource LangManger}, Mode=OneWay}" Width="88" Height="28" HorizontalAlignment="Right" VerticalAlignment="Bottom" Margin="0,0,120,0"/>
    <Button Content="{Binding Cancel, Source={StaticResource LangManger}, Mode=OneWay}" Width="88" Height="28" HorizontalAlignment="Right" VerticalAlignment="Bottom" Margin="0,0,10,0"/>
</Grid>

主窗体后台逻辑

软件启动时，加载当前语言。当下位框切换时，切换语言。

public partial class MainWindow : Window
{
    public MainWindow()
    {
        InitializeComponent();

        LanguageHelper.Instance.LanguageChanged += Instance_LanguageChanged;
        LoadCulture(LanguageHelper.Instance.CurrentCulture);
    }

    private void Instance_LanguageChanged(System.Globalization.CultureInfo obj)
    {
        //这里可以对语言更改进行处理
        switch(obj.Name)
        {
            case "zh-CN":
                break;
            case "en-US":
                break;
        }
    }

    private void LoadCulture(System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture)
    {
        switch(culture.Name)
        {
            case "zh-CN":
                combox_Culture.SelectedIndex = 0;
                break;
            case "en-US":
                combox_Culture.SelectedIndex = 1;
                break;
        }
    }

    private void combox_Culture_SelectionChanged(object sender, SelectionChangedEventArgs e)
    {
        var culture = "zh-CN";

        switch(combox_Culture.SelectedIndex)
        {
            case 0:
                culture = "zh-CN";
                break;
            case 1:
                culture = "en-US";
                break;
        }

        if (culture == null)
            return;

        LanguageHelper.Instance.CurrentCulture = new System.Globalization.CultureInfo(culture.ToString().Replace("_", "-"));   //变量命名不支持 '-' ，所以这里需要替换一下
    }
}

示例代码

https://github.com/zhaotianff/DotNetCoreWPF/tree/master/其它、实现多语言切换的几种方式/MultiLanguageDemo

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原始发表：2025-09-11，如有侵权请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除

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