电商 API 双平台实战：淘宝 item.get + 京东 item_detail 对接指南（附可复用代码 + 问题排查）

import hashlib
import time
import os
import requests

def generate_taobao_sign(params, app_secret):
    """生成淘宝API签名（MD5算法）"""
    # 1. 排除sign参数，按参数名ASCII升序排序
    sorted_params = sorted([(k, v) for k, v in params.items() if k != "sign"])
    # 2. 拼接为"key=value&key=value"格式
    sign_str = "&".join([f"{k}={v}" for k, v in sorted_params])
    # 3. 末尾拼接AppSecret，MD5加密后转大写
    sign_str += app_secret
    return hashlib.md5(sign_str.encode("utf-8")).hexdigest().upper()

def get_taobao_item_detail(num_iid):
    """淘宝商品详情接口调用（企业账号版）"""
    # 从环境变量获取凭证（安全最佳实践）
    app_key = os.getenv("TAOBAO_APP_KEY")
    app_secret = os.getenv("TAOBAO_APP_SECRET")
    access_token = os.getenv("TAOBAO_ACCESS_TOKEN")
    
    # 1. 构造请求参数
    params = {
        "method": "taobao.item.get",
        "app_key": app_key,
        "access_token": access_token,
        "timestamp": time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"),
        "format": "json",
        "v": "2.0",
        "num_iid": num_iid,
        "fields": "num_iid,title,price,stock,sku,ai_tag"  # 2024年新增AI标签字段
    }
    
    # 2. 生成签名
    params["sign"] = generate_taobao_sign(params, app_secret)
    
    # 3. 发送请求
    try:
        response = requests.get(
            url="https://eco.taobao.com/router/rest",
            params=params,
            timeout=10,
            verify=True  # 强制SSL验证，保障安全
        )
        response.raise_for_status()  # 捕获HTTP错误（如404、500）
        result = response.json()
    except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
        raise Exception(f"淘宝API请求失败：{str(e)}")
    
    # 4. 处理错误响应
    if "error_response" in result:
        error = result["error_response"]
        raise Exception(f"淘宝API错误[{error['code']}]：{error['msg']}")
    
    # 5. 解析核心数据
    item_data = result["item_get_response"]["item"]
    return {
        "商品ID": item_data["num_iid"],
        "标题": item_data["title"],
        "售价": item_data["price"],
        "库存": item_data["stock"],
        "AI标签": item_data.get("ai_tag", "无"),  # 处理字段可能不存在的情况
        "SKU数量": len(item_data.get("sku", []))
    }

# 调用示例
if __name__ == "__main__":
    try:
        taobao_item = get_taobao_item_detail(num_iid="123456789012")  # 替换为实际商品ID
        print("淘宝商品详情：")
        for k, v in taobao_item.items():
            print(f"{k}：{v}")
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"调用失败：{str(e)}")

import hmac
import hashlib

def generate_jd_sign(params, app_secret):
    """生成京东API签名（HMAC-SHA256算法）"""
    # 1. 按参数名ASCII升序排序
    sorted_params = sorted([(k, v) for k, v in params.items() if k != "sign"])
    # 2. 拼接为"key=value&key=value"格式（无需URL编码）
    sign_str = "&".join([f"{k}={v}" for k, v in sorted_params])
    # 3. 用AppSecret作为密钥，HMAC-SHA256加密后转大写
    sign = hmac.new(
        app_secret.encode("utf-8"),
        sign_str.encode("utf-8"),
        hashlib.sha256
    ).hexdigest().upper()
    return sign

def get_jd_item_detail(sku_id):
    """京东商品详情接口调用（企业账号版）"""
    # 从环境变量获取凭证
    app_key = os.getenv("JD_APP_KEY")
    app_secret = os.getenv("JD_APP_SECRET")
    access_token = os.getenv("JD_ACCESS_TOKEN")
    
    # 1. 构造请求参数
    params = {
        "method": "item_detail",
        "app_key": app_key,
        "access_token": access_token,
        "timestamp": time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"),
        "format": "json",
        "v": "2.0",
        "skuId": sku_id,  # 京东商品用SKU ID，区别于淘宝num_iid
        "fields": "skuId,title,price,stockNum,preSaleLock"  # 含预售锁库状态字段
    }
    
    # 2. 生成签名
    params["sign"] = generate_jd_sign(params, app_secret)
    
    # 3. 发送POST请求（京东部分接口要求POST）
    try:
        response = requests.post(
            url="https://api.jd.com/routerjson",
            data=params,
            timeout=10,
            verify=True
        )
        response.raise_for_status()
        result = response.json()
    except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
        raise Exception(f"京东API请求失败：{str(e)}")
    
    # 4. 处理错误响应
    if "error_response" in result:
        error = result["error_response"]
        raise Exception(f"京东API错误[{error['code']}]：{error['msg']}")
    
    # 5. 解析核心数据
    item_data = result["item_detail_response"]["result"]
    return {
        "SKU ID": item_data["skuId"],
        "标题": item_data["title"],
        "售价": item_data["price"],
        "可用库存": item_data["stockNum"],
        "是否预售": "是" if item_data.get("preSaleLock", 0) > 0 else "否"
    }

# 调用示例
if __name__ == "__main__":
    try:
        jd_item = get_jd_item_detail(sku_id="100012345678")  # 替换为实际SKU ID
        print("\n京东商品详情：")
        for k, v in jd_item.items():
            print(f"{k}：{v}")
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"调用失败：{str(e)}")

from ratelimit import limits, sleep_and_retry

# 淘宝API限流：80次/分钟
@sleep_and_retry
@limits(calls=80, period=60)
def taobao_api_wrapper(func, *args, **kwargs):
    return func(*args, **kwargs)

# 调用时通过装饰器限流
taobao_item = taobao_api_wrapper(get_taobao_item_detail, num_iid="123456789012")