邮件发送基础：深入SMTP协议、配置邮件服务器及Python实现

pip install smtplib  # 实际上smtplib不需要单独安装，因为它是Python标准库的一部分  
pip install email    # 同样，email模块也是Python标准库的一部分

import smtplib  
from email.mime.text import MIMEText  
from email.mime.header import Header  
  
# SMTP服务器和端口  
smtp_server = 'smtp.qq.com'  
smtp_port = 25  # 注意：对于QQ邮箱，可能需要使用SSL加密的465端口或TLS加密的587端口  
  
# 发件人和收件人信息  
sender = 'your_email@qq.com'  # 你的邮箱地址  
password = 'your_password'    # 你的邮箱密码或授权码  
receivers = ['receiver1@example.com', 'receiver2@example.com']  # 收件人邮箱列表  
  
# 邮件内容  
msg = MIMEText('这是邮件的正文内容，纯文本格式。', 'plain', 'utf-8')  
msg['From'] = Header("发件人姓名", 'utf-8')  
msg['To'] = Header("收件人姓名", 'utf-8')  
msg['Subject'] = Header('邮件主题', 'utf-8')  
  
try:  
    # 连接到SMTP服务器  
    server = smtplib.SMTP(smtp_server, smtp_port)  
    # 如果需要SSL加密，则使用SMTP_SSL类并指定端口为465  
    # server = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(smtp_server, 465)  
      
    # 登录SMTP服务器  
    server.login(sender, password)  
      
    # 发送邮件  
    server.sendmail(sender, receivers, msg.as_string())  
      
    # 关闭连接  
    server.quit()  
    print("邮件发送成功！")  
except smtplib.SMTPException as e:  
    print("邮件发送失败：", e)

# ...（省略了SMTP服务器和登录信息的代码）  
  
# 邮件内容（HTML格式）  
html_content = """  
<p>这是HTML格式的邮件正文。</p>  
<a href="http://www.example.com">点击这里访问我的网站</a>  
"""  
msg = MIMEText(html_content, 'html', 'utf-8')  
msg['From'] = Header("发件人姓名", 'utf-8')  
msg['To'] = Header("收件人姓名", 'utf-8')  
msg['Subject'] = Header('HTML邮件主题', 'utf-8')  
  
# ...（省略了发送邮件的代码）

# ...（省略了SMTP服务器和登录信息的代码）  
  
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart  
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase  
from email import encoders  
  
# 邮件内容（纯文本或HTML均可）  
text_content = "这是邮件的正文内容，带有一个附件。"  
msg = MIMEMultipart()  
msg['From'] = Header("发件人姓名", 'utf-8')  
msg['To'] = Header("收件人姓名", 'utf-8')  
msg['Subject'] = Header('带附件的邮件主题', 'utf-8')  
  
# 添加正文部分  
msg.attach(MIMEText(text_content, 'plain', 'utf-8'))  
  
# 添加附件  
filename = 'example.txt'  # 附件文件名  
with open(filename, 'rb') as f:  
    part = MIMEBase('application', 'octet-stream')  
    part.set_payload(f.read())  
    encoders.encode_base64(part)  
    part.add_header('Content-Disposition', f'attachment; filename="{filename}"')  
    msg.attach(part)  
  
# ...（省略了发送邮件的代码）

import smtplib  
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart  
from email.mime.text import MIMEText  
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase  
from email import encoders  
from email.mime.header import Header  
  
# SMTP服务器配置  
smtp_server = 'smtp.example.com'  # 请替换为你的SMTP服务器地址  
smtp_port = 587  # 通常用于TLS加密的端口  
smtp_user = 'your_email@example.com'  # 你的邮箱地址  
smtp_password = 'your_password'  # 你的邮箱密码或授权码  
  
# 收件人列表  
receivers = ['receiver1@example.com', 'receiver2@example.com']  
  
# 邮件内容  
html_content = """  
<p>这是HTML格式的邮件正文。</p>  
<p>请查看附件中的文件。</p>  
"""  
  
# 附件文件  
attachment_filename = 'example.txt'  
  
# 创建邮件消息  
msg = MIMEMultipart()  
msg['From'] = Header("发件人姓名", 'utf-8')  
msg['To'] = ", ".join([Header("收件人姓名", 'utf-8') for _ in receivers])  # 如果有多个收件人  
msg['Subject'] = Header('带附件的HTML邮件', 'utf-8')  
  
# 添加HTML正文  
msg.attach(MIMEText(html_content, 'html', 'utf-8'))  
  
# 添加附件  
with open(attachment_filename, 'rb') as f:  
    part = MIMEBase('application', 'octet-stream')  
    part.set_payload(f.read())  
    encoders.encode_base64(part)  
    part.add_header('Content-Disposition', f'attachment; filename="{attachment_filename}"')  
    msg.attach(part)  
  
# 发送邮件  
try:  
    # 连接到SMTP服务器并启用TLS加密  
    server = smtplib.SMTP(smtp_server, smtp_port)  
    server.starttls()  
    server.login(smtp_user, smtp_password)  
      
    # 发送邮件  
    server.sendmail(smtp_user, receivers, msg.as_string())  
      
    # 关闭连接  
    server.quit()  
    print("邮件发送成功！")  
except smtplib.SMTPException as e:  
    print(f"邮件发送失败：{e}")