Python函数参数传递完全指南 - 掌握5种参数传递方式

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def greet(name, greeting):
    print(f"{greeting}, {name}!")

# 使用位置参数调用
greet("Alice", "Hello")  # 输出: Hello, Alice!
greet("Bob", "Hi")       # 输出: Hi, Bob!

def describe_pet(animal_type, pet_name):
    print(f"I have a {animal_type} named {pet_name}.")

# 使用关键字参数调用
describe_pet(animal_type="hamster", pet_name="Harry")
describe_pet(pet_name="Whiskers", animal_type="cat")

def make_shirt(size="large", message="I love Python"):
    print(f"制作一件{size}号T恤，印有: '{message}'")

# 使用默认参数
make_shirt()  # 使用所有默认值
make_shirt(size="medium")  # 修改size，message使用默认值
make_shirt("small", "Hello World!")  # 位置参数

def sum_numbers(*args):
    total = 0
    for num in args:
        total += num
    return total

print(sum_numbers(1, 2, 3))  # 输出: 6
print(sum_numbers(4, 5, 6, 7))  # 输出: 22

def build_profile(**kwargs):
    profile = {}
    for key, value in kwargs.items():
        profile[key] = value
    return profile

user = build_profile(name="Alice", age=30, occupation="Engineer")
print(user)  # 输出: {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 30, 'occupation': 'Engineer'}

def complex_function(a, b=2, *args, c=3, **kwargs):
    print(f"a={a}, b={b}, c={c}")
    print(f"args: {args}")
    print(f"kwargs: {kwargs}")

complex_function(1, 4, 5, 6, c=7, d=8, e=9)

def modify_number(x):
    x = x + 10
    print("函数内:", x)

num = 5
modify_number(num)
print("函数外:", num)  # 输出: 5 (未改变)

def modify_list(lst):
    lst.append(4)
    print("函数内:", lst)

my_list = [1, 2, 3]
modify_list(my_list)
print("函数外:", my_list)  # 输出: [1, 2, 3, 4] (已改变)