Python XML数据处理入门教程 - 解析、生成与操作XML

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<?xml version="1.0"?>
<catalog>
   <book id="bk101">
      <author>王伟</author>
      <title>Python编程入门</title>
      <price>49.99</price>
   </book>
   <book id="bk102">
      <author>张丽</author>
      <title>XML数据处理实战</title>
      <price>55.50</price>
   </book>
</catalog>

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

# 解析XML文件
tree = ET.parse('books.xml')
root = tree.getroot()

# 遍历所有book元素
print("图书目录:")
for book in root.findall('book'):
    book_id = book.get('id')
    author = book.find('author').text
    title = book.find('title').text
    price = book.find('price').text
    
    print(f"ID: {book_id}")
    print(f"标题: {title}")
    print(f"作者: {author}")
    print(f"价格: {price}元")
    print("-" * 30)

图书目录:
ID: bk101
标题: Python编程入门
作者: 王伟
价格: 49.99元
------------------------------
ID: bk102
标题: XML数据处理实战
作者: 张丽
价格: 55.50元
------------------------------

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

# 创建根元素
root = ET.Element("catalog")

# 创建第一个book元素
book1 = ET.SubElement(root, "book")
book1.set("id", "bk201")
ET.SubElement(book1, "author").text = "李强"
ET.SubElement(book1, "title").text = "Python高级编程"
ET.SubElement(book1, "price").text = "79.99"

# 创建第二个book元素
book2 = ET.SubElement(root, "book")
book2.set("id", "bk202")
ET.SubElement(book2, "author").text = "刘芳"
ET.SubElement(book2, "title").text = "XML与Web服务"
ET.SubElement(book2, "price").text = "65.00"

# 创建ElementTree对象
tree = ET.ElementTree(root)

# 写入文件（格式化输出）
ET.indent(tree, space="  ", level=0)
tree.write("new_books.xml", encoding="utf-8", xml_declaration=True)

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<catalog>
  <book id="bk201">
    <author>李强</author>
    <title>Python高级编程</title>
    <price>79.99</price>
  </book>
  <book id="bk202">
    <author>刘芳</author>
    <title>XML与Web服务</title>
    <price>65.00</price>
  </book>
</catalog>

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

tree = ET.parse('books.xml')
root = tree.getroot()

# 更新第一本书的价格
for book in root.findall('book'):
    if book.get('id') == 'bk101':
        price_elem = book.find('price')
        # 将价格提高10%
        new_price = float(price_elem.text) * 1.1
        price_elem.text = f"{new_price:.2f}"
        # 添加折扣属性
        book.set('discount', '10%')

# 添加新书
new_book = ET.SubElement(root, "book")
new_book.set("id", "bk103")
ET.SubElement(new_book, "author").text = "陈明"
ET.SubElement(new_book, "title").text = "Python数据分析"
ET.SubElement(new_book, "price").text = "89.90"

# 保存修改
tree.write('updated_books.xml', encoding='utf-8', xml_declaration=True)

# 查找所有价格大于50的书
expensive_books = root.findall(".//book[price>50]")

# 查找特定作者的书
author_books = root.findall(".//book[author='张丽']")

# 获取所有标题
titles = [book.find('title').text for book in root.findall('book')]

ET.register_namespace('ns', 'http://example.com')

root.findall('ns:element', 
            {'ns': 'http://example.com'})