如何开发一套绩效管理（KPI）系统？（附架构图+流程图+代码参考）

mermaid
flowchart LR
    subgraph 前端
        A[React/Vue 应用] -->|REST API| B[后端服务]
        C[移动端小程序] -->|REST API| B
    end
    subgraph 后端
        B --> D[认证与权限模块]
        B --> E[绩效核心模块]
        B --> F[数据统计模块]
        B --> G[通知推送模块]
    end
    subgraph 数据存储
        E --> H[(MySQL)]
        F --> I[(ElasticSearch)]
        G --> J[(Redis - 消息队列)]
    end
    subgraph 第三方
        B --> K[邮件/SMS 服务]
        B --> L[单点登录(SSO)]
    end

sql
CREATE TABLE kpi_indicator (
  id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
  name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
  category VARCHAR(50),
  weight DECIMAL(5,2) NOT NULL,
  formula TEXT,
  period_type ENUM('月','季','年') NOT NULL,
  created_at DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
  updated_at DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
);

javascript
// 创建 KPI 指标
app.post('/api/kpi/indicator', async (req, res) => {
  const { name, category, weight, formula, periodType } = req.body;
  const [result] = await db.query(
    `INSERT INTO kpi_indicator (name, category, weight, formula, period_type)
     VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)`,
    [name, category, weight, formula, periodType]
  );
  res.json({ id: result.insertId, success: true });
});

javascript
import axios from 'axios';
function createIndicator(data) {
  return axios.post('/api/kpi/indicator', data)
    .then(res => res.data)
    .catch(err => { throw err; });
}
// 在某个 form 提交时调用
createIndicator({
  name: '月度销售额',
  category: '财务',
  weight: 0.4,
  formula: '(actual / target) * 100',
  periodType: '月'
});

mermaid
flowchart TD
    A[起草考核计划] --> B{是否审批}
    B -- 否 --> C[发送审批申请]
    C --> D[线上审批]
    D -->|通过| E[计划生效]
    D -->|驳回| F[回退修改]
    F --> A
    E --> G[下发给员工]

kotlin
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/kpi/plan")
class KpiPlanController(val planService: KpiPlanService) {
    @PostMapping
    fun createPlan(@RequestBody dto: PlanDto): ResponseEntity<Any> {
        val plan = planService.create(dto)
        return ResponseEntity.ok(plan)
    }
    @PostMapping("/{id}/approve")
    fun approvePlan(@PathVariable id: Long, @RequestParam approve: Boolean): ResponseEntity<Any> {
        return if (approve) {
            planService.approve(id)
            ResponseEntity.ok("已通过审批")
        } else {
            planService.reject(id)
            ResponseEntity.ok("已驳回，待修改")
        }
    }
}
@Service
class KpiPlanService(val repo: KpiPlanRepository) {
    fun create(dto: PlanDto): KpiPlan {
        // 保存草稿状态
        return repo.save(KpiPlan(dto, status = Status.DRAFT))
    }
    fun approve(id: Long) {
        val plan = repo.findById(id).get()
        plan.status = Status.ACTIVE
        repo.save(plan)
    }
    fun reject(id: Long) {
        val plan = repo.findById(id).get()
        plan.status = Status.REJECTED
        repo.save(plan)
    }
}

python
def calculate_score(actual, target, weight):
    """
    计算得分 = (实际/目标)*100 * 权重
    """
    if target == 0:
        return 0
    return (actual / target) * 100 * weight
# 批量计算
for record in fetch_records(plan_id):
    score = calculate_score(record.actual, record.target, record.weight)
    save_score(record.user_id, record.indicator_id, score)

sql
CREATE TABLE kpi_counsel (
  id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
  plan_id BIGINT,
  user_id BIGINT,
  scheduled_at DATETIME,
  summary TEXT,
  created_at DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
);

vue
<el-form :model="form">
  <el-form-item label="面谈时间">
    <el-date-picker v-model="form.scheduledAt" type="datetime"></el-date-picker>
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item label="纪要">
    <el-input type="textarea" v-model="form.summary"></el-input>
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item>
    <el-button type="primary" @click="submit">提交</el-button>
  </el-form-item>
</el-form>
<script>
export default {
  data() {
    return { form: { scheduledAt: '', summary: '' } };
  },
  methods: {
    submit() {
      this.$axios.post('/api/kpi/counsel', this.form)
        .then(()=> this.$message.success('保存成功'))
        .catch(()=> this.$message.error('保存失败'));
    }
  }
}
</script>

json
POST /kpi_scores/_search
{
  "size": 0,
  "aggs": {
    "by_user": {
      "terms": { "field": "user_id" },
      "aggs": {
        "avg_score": { "avg": { "field": "score" } }
      }
    }
  }
}

javascript
// 伪代码
const option = {
  xAxis: { type: 'category', data: dates },
  yAxis: { type: 'value' },
  series: [{ data: scores, type: 'line', smooth: true }]
};
chartInstance.setOption(option);