Python调用外部命令：5种方法详解与实例 | Python系统编程指南

import os

# 执行简单的系统命令
return_code = os.system("ls -l")

# 打印命令的退出状态码
print("命令退出状态:", return_code)

import os

# 执行命令并获取输出
output = os.popen("date").read()

print("当前日期:", output)

import subprocess

# 执行命令并捕获输出
result = subprocess.run(
    ["ls", "-l", "/"],
    capture_output=True,
    text=True,
    check=True
)

# 输出结果
print("返回码:", result.returncode)
print("标准输出:\n", result.stdout)
print("标准错误:", result.stderr)

# 带超时和输入的命令执行
try:
    result = subprocess.run(
        ["grep", "python"],
        input="Welcome to Python programming\nPython is awesome!",
        capture_output=True,
        text=True,
        timeout=5
    )
    print("找到的内容:", result.stdout)
except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
    print("命令执行超时！")

import subprocess

# 启动进程
process = subprocess.Popen(
    ["python", "-c", "import time; [print(i) for i in range(5)]; time.sleep(2)"],
    stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
    text=True
)

# 实时读取输出
for line in process.stdout:
    print(f"收到输出: {line.strip()}")

# 等待进程结束
return_code = process.wait()
print(f"进程结束，返回码: {return_code}")

import subprocess

try:
    # 获取命令输出
    output = subprocess.check_output(
        ["echo", "Hello, Python!"],
        text=True
    )
    print("命令输出:", output)
    
    # 检查命令是否成功
    disk_usage = subprocess.check_output(
        ["df", "-h", "/"],
        text=True
    )
    print("磁盘使用情况:\n", disk_usage)
    
except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
    print(f"命令执行失败，返回码 {e.returncode}")