Java Web 苍穹外卖项目综合案例实操指南及长尾关键词解析

原创

啦啦啦191

发布于 2025-07-29 12:07:18

3250

JavaWeb综合案例实操指南：苍穹外卖项目

1. 项目架构搭建与技术选型

技术栈：Spring Boot 3.0 + Spring Cloud Alibaba + MyBatis-Plus + Vue 3 + Element Plus + Redis + MySQL 8 + RabbitMQ + Sentinel + ELK

步骤1：初始化后端项目

使用Spring Initializr创建项目，添加以下依赖：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
    <artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId>
    <version>3.5.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
    <version>2022.0.0.0-RC2</version>
</dependency>

步骤2：数据库设计与集成

创建MySQL数据库tlias_take_out，设计以下核心表：

user（用户信息）
shop（店铺信息）
category（菜品分类）
dish（菜品信息）
order（订单主表）
order_detail（订单详情）

配置MyBatis-Plus：

spring:
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/tlias_take_out?useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC
    username: root
    password: 123456

mybatis-plus:
  mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*.xml
  global-config:
    db-config:
      id-type: auto

2. 用户认证与授权模块开发

步骤1：JWT令牌集成

添加依赖：

<dependency>
    <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
    <artifactId>jjwt-api</artifactId>
    <version>0.11.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
    <artifactId>jjwt-impl</artifactId>
    <version>0.11.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
    <artifactId>jjwt-jackson</artifactId>
    <version>0.11.5</version>
</dependency>

步骤2：创建JWT工具类

public class JwtUtil {
    private static final String SECRET_KEY = "tlias_take_out_secret_key_2025";
    private static final long EXPIRATION_TIME = 1000 * 60 * 60 * 24; // 24小时

    public static String generateToken(Map<String, Object> claims) {
        return Jwts.builder()
                .setClaims(claims)
                .setExpiration(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + EXPIRATION_TIME))
                .signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS256, SECRET_KEY)
                .compact();
    }

    public static Claims parseToken(String token) {
        return Jwts.parser()
                .setSigningKey(SECRET_KEY)
                .parseClaimsJws(token)
                .getBody();
    }
}

步骤3：实现拦截器验证令牌

public class JwtInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) {
        String token = request.getHeader("Authorization");
        if (token != null && token.startsWith("Bearer ")) {
            token = token.substring(7);
            try {
                Claims claims = JwtUtil.parseToken(token);
                request.setAttribute("user_id", claims.get("user_id"));
                return true;
            } catch (Exception e) {
                response.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_UNAUTHORIZED);
                return false;
            }
        }
        response.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_UNAUTHORIZED);
        return false;
    }
}

3. 订单模块开发（核心业务）

步骤1：订单创建流程

@Service
public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {

    @Autowired
    private OrderMapper orderMapper;
    
    @Autowired
    private OrderDetailMapper orderDetailMapper;
    
    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    @Transactional
    @Override
    public void createOrder(OrderDTO orderDTO) {
        // 1. 验证用户与店铺状态
        validateUserAndShop(orderDTO.getUserId(), orderDTO.getShopId());
        
        // 2. 创建订单主表记录
        Order order = new Order();
        BeanUtils.copyProperties(orderDTO, order);
        order.setOrderNumber(generateOrderNumber());
        order.setStatus(OrderStatus.PENDING_PAYMENT.getCode());
        orderMapper.insert(order);
        
        // 3. 创建订单详情记录
        List<OrderDetail> orderDetails = buildOrderDetails(orderDTO.getCartItems(), order.getId());
        orderDetailMapper.insertBatch(orderDetails);
        
        // 4. 扣减库存（异步处理）
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("stock_queue", orderDTO.getCartItems());
        
        // 5. 发送订单创建消息
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("order_create_exchange", "order.create", order.getId());
    }
}

步骤2：订单支付处理

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/orders")
public class OrderController {

    @Autowired
    private OrderService orderService;

    @PostMapping("/{orderId}/pay")
    public Result payOrder(@PathVariable Long orderId, @RequestBody PayDTO payDTO) {
        // 1. 验证支付参数
        validatePayParams(payDTO);
        
        // 2. 调用支付服务进行支付
        PaymentResult paymentResult = paymentService.processPayment(payDTO);
        
        // 3. 更新订单状态
        if (paymentResult.isSuccess()) {
            orderService.updateOrderStatus(orderId, OrderStatus.PAID.getCode());
            return Result.success("支付成功");
        } else {
            return Result.error("支付失败: " + paymentResult.getMessage());
        }
    }
}

4. 缓存优化与分布式事务

步骤1：Redis缓存集成

配置Redis连接：

spring:
  redis:
    host: localhost
    port: 6379
    password: 
    database: 0

步骤2：缓存商品信息

@Service
public class DishServiceImpl implements DishService {

    @Autowired
    private RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate;
    
    @Autowired
    private DishMapper dishMapper;

    @Override
    public Dish getDishById(Long id) {
        String key = "dish:" + id;
        Dish dish = (Dish) redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(key);
        
        if (dish == null) {
            dish = dishMapper.selectById(id);
            if (dish != null) {
                redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(key, dish, 30, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
            }
        }
        return dish;
    }

    @Override
    @CacheEvict(value = "dish", key = "#dish.id")
    public void updateDish(Dish dish) {
        dishMapper.updateById(dish);
    }
}

步骤3：Seata分布式事务配置

下载并启动Seata Server
添加依赖：

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-seata</artifactId>
    <version>2022.0.0.0-RC2</version>
</dependency>

配置数据源代理：

@Configuration
public class DataSourceProxyConfig {

    @Bean
    public DataSourceProxy dataSourceProxy(DataSource dataSource) {
        return new DataSourceProxy(dataSource);
    }
}

5. 前端页面开发（Vue 3 + Element Plus）

步骤1：创建商品列表组件

<template>
  <div class="dish-list">
    <el-row :gutter="20">
      <el-col :span="6" v-for="dish in dishList" :key="dish.id">
        <el-card shadow="hover">
          <template #header>
            <div class="card-header">
              <span>{{ dish.name }}</span>
              <el-badge :value="dish.sales" class="ml-2"></el-badge>
            </div>
          </template>
          <img :src="dish.imageUrl" alt="菜品图片" class="dish-image">
          <div class="card-content">
            <div class="price">¥{{ dish.price }}</div>
            <el-button type="primary" @click="addToCart(dish)">加入购物车</el-button>
          </div>
        </el-card>
      </el-col>
    </el-row>
    <el-pagination
      @size-change="handleSizeChange"
      @current-change="handleCurrentChange"
      :current-page="currentPage"
      :page-sizes="[10, 20, 30]"
      :page-size="pageSize"
      layout="total, sizes, prev, pager, next, jumper"
      :total="total">
    </el-pagination>
  </div>
</template>

<script setup>
import { ref, onMounted } from 'vue';
import { useRouter } from 'vue-router';

const router = useRouter();
const dishList = ref([]);
const currentPage = ref(1);
const pageSize = ref(10);
const total = ref(0);

const fetchDishList = async () => {
  try {
    const res = await axios.get('/api/dishes', {
      params: {
        page: currentPage.value,
        pageSize: pageSize.value
      }
    });
    dishList.value = res.data.records;
    total.value = res.data.total;
  } catch (error) {
    ElMessage.error('获取菜品列表失败');
  }
};

const addToCart = (dish) => {
  // 添加到购物车逻辑
};

onMounted(() => {
  fetchDishList();
});
</script>

6. 系统监控与告警

步骤1：集成Sentinel限流

添加依赖：

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
    <version>2022.0.0.0-RC2</version>
</dependency>

配置限流规则：

@Configuration
public class SentinelConfig {

    @PostConstruct
    public void initRules() {
        List<FlowRule> rules = new ArrayList<>();
        FlowRule rule = new FlowRule();
        rule.setResource("getOrderById");
        rule.setGrade(RuleConstant.FLOW_GRADE_QPS);
        rule.setCount(20); // 每秒最多20次请求
        rules.add(rule);
        FlowRuleManager.loadRules(rules);
    }
}

步骤2：ELK日志收集

配置Logstash收集日志：

input {
  file {
    path => "/var/log/tlias-take-out/*.log"
    start_position => "beginning"
  }
}

filter {
  json {
    source => "message"
  }
}

output {
  elasticsearch {
    hosts => ["localhost:9200"]
    index => "tlias-take-out-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
  }
}

项目部署与优化

步骤1：Docker化部署

创建Dockerfile：

FROM openjdk:17-jdk-slim

WORKDIR /app

COPY target/tlias-take-out.jar ./

EXPOSE 8080

CMD ["java", "-jar", "tlias-take-out.jar"]

步骤2：使用Docker Compose编排服务

version: '3'

services:
  mysql:
    image: mysql:8.0
    volumes:
      - mysql-data:/var/lib/mysql
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: root
      MYSQL_DATABASE: tlias_take_out
    ports:
      - "3306:3306"

  redis:
    image: redis:7.0
    ports:
      - "6379:6379"

  rabbitmq:
    image: rabbitmq:3.11-management
    ports:
      - "5672:5672"
      - "15672:15672"

  backend:
    build: .
    ports:
      - "8080:8080"
    depends_on:
      - mysql
      - redis
      - rabbitmq

volumes:
  mysql-data:

通过以上步骤，你可以完成一个完整的JavaWeb项目开发，涵盖了从后端架构到前端展示的全过程，同时实现了缓存优化、分布式事务、限流熔断等高级特性。

Java Web, 苍穹外卖项目，综合案例，实操指南，Java 开发，Web 项目实战，外卖系统开发，Java 案例教程，项目实操步骤，Java Web 实战，长尾关键词解析，教程编程，Java 项目开发，Web 开发指南，外Web 开发指南卖系统案例

原创声明：本文系作者授权腾讯云开发者社区发表，未经许可，不得转载。

如有侵权，请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除。

教程