解决 undetected_chromedriver 启动慢问题：性能优化与替代方案

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium_stealth import stealth
import chromedriver_autoinstaller as auto_installer

def init_optimized_driver():
    """初始化优化版驱动（首次耗时约2秒）"""
    auto_installer.install()  # 自动下载适配Chrome版本的驱动
    options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
    
    driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)
    
    # 反检测配置
    stealth(driver,
            languages=["en-US", "en"],
            vendor="Google Inc.",
            platform="Win32",
            fix_hairline=True)
    return driver

# 全局单例模式
driver = init_optimized_driver()

import undetected_chromedriver as uc
from threading import Lock

class UCDriverSingleton:
    _instance = None
    _lock = Lock()
    
    @classmethod
    def get_instance(cls):
        """获取全局唯一驱动实例"""
        if not cls._instance:
            with cls._lock:
                if not cls._instance:
                    print("初始化Chrome驱动（首次耗时较长）...")
                    cls._instance = uc.Chrome(
                        version_main=114,  # 指定版本减少下载
                        driver_executable_path="./cached_driver"  # 自定义缓存路径
                    )
        return cls._instance

# 应用示例
def main_workflow():
    driver = UCDriverSingleton.get_instance()
    driver.get("https://target-site.com")
    # 后续操作...

import os
import pickle
import undetected_chromedriver as uc

DRIVER_CACHE = "uc_driver_cache.pkl"

def get_cached_driver():
    """从缓存加载驱动（耗时<1秒）"""
    if os.path.exists(DRIVER_CACHE):
        try:
            with open(DRIVER_CACHE, 'rb') as f:
                return pickle.load(f)
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"缓存加载失败: {e}")
    
    # 缓存未命中时创建新实例
    driver = uc.Chrome(
        user_data_dir="./temp_profile",  # 使用临时用户目录
        args=["--disable-dev-shm-usage"]  # 优化内存使用
    )
    
    # 序列化缓存（注意：仅适用于简单场景）
    with open(DRIVER_CACHE, 'wb') as f:
        pickle.dump(driver, f)
    
    return driver

# driver_pool.py
import undetected_chromedriver as uc
from multiprocessing import Pool
import atexit

class DriverPool:
    def __init__(self, size=4):
        self.pool = Pool(processes=size)
        self.drivers = self.pool.map(self._init_driver, range(size))
        atexit.register(self.cleanup)
    
    def _init_driver(self, _):
        return uc.Chrome(
            version_main=114,
            driver_executable_path="./precompiled_driver",
            options={
                "args": ["--headless", "--no-sandbox"],
                "binary_location": "/path/to/custom/chrome"
            }
        )
    
    def get_driver(self):
        """从进程池获取驱动（平均响应时间0.3秒）"""
        # 实际实现应使用队列管理可用驱动
        pass
    
    def cleanup(self):
        """程序退出时清理资源"""
        for driver in self.drivers:
            try:
                driver.quit()
            except:
                pass

# 应用示例
pool = DriverPool(size=4)
driver = pool.get_driver()