概念:主从复制,是指将一台Redis服务器的数据,复制到其他的Redis服务器。前者称为主节点(Master/Leader),后者称为从节点(Slave/Follower)数据的复制是单向的!只能由主节点复制到从节点(主节点以写为主、从节点以读为主)。
默认情况下,每台Redis服务器都是主节点,一个主节点可以有0个或者多个从节点,但每个从节点只能有一个主节点。

查看当前库的信息:info replication
127.0.0.1:6379> info replication
# Replication
role:master # 角色 master:主节点
connected_slaves:0 # 从机数量:0
master_replid:425bbc84c7141a0738b5d0d6cd6920a756e334e4
master_replid2:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
master_repl_offset:0
second_repl_offset:-1
repl_backlog_active:0
repl_backlog_size:1048576
repl_backlog_first_byte_offset:0
repl_backlog_histlen:0
127.0.0.1:6379>既然需要启动多个服务,就需要配置多个配置文件。每个配置文件对应修改以下信息:(端口号、pid文件名、日志文件名、rdb文件名)
[root@TANG2021 kconfig]# # redis.conf 【备份不使用,不修改】
[root@TANG2021 kconfig]# cp redis.conf redis_master79.conf
[root@TANG2021 kconfig]# cp redis.conf redis_sub80.conf
[root@TANG2021 kconfig]# cp redis.conf redis_sub81.conf
[root@TANG2021 kconfig]# ls
redis.conf redis_master79.conf redis_sub80.conf redis_sub81.conf
[root@TANG2021 kconfig]# 编辑redis-conf配置文件
# redis_master79.conf 【做主节点】
port 6379
logfile "6379.log"
pidfile /var/run/redis_6379.pid
dbfilename dump6379.rdb# redis_sub80.conf 【做从节点1】
port 6380
logfile "6380.log"
pidfile /var/run/redis_6380.pid
dbfilename dump6380.rdb# redis_sub81.conf 【做从节点2】
port 6381
logfile "6381.log"
pidfile /var/run/redis_6381.pid
dbfilename dump6381.rdb根据指定的配置文件启动redis
[root@TANG2021 bin]# redis-server /usr/local/bin/kconfig/redis_master79.conf
[root@TANG2021 bin]# redis-server /usr/local/bin/kconfig/redis_sub80.conf
[root@TANG2021 bin]# redis-server /usr/local/bin/kconfig/redis_sub81.conf
[root@TANG2021 bin]# ps -ef |grep redis
polkitd 4770 4750 0 10:27 ? 00:00:00 redis-server *:6379
root 5717 1 0 10:37 ? 00:00:00 redis-server *:6380
root 5724 1 0 10:37 ? 00:00:00 redis-server *:6381
root 5729 4366 0 10:37 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto redis
[root@TANG2021 bin]# 一主二从配置,默认情况下,每台Redis服务器都是主节点,我们一般情况下只用配置从机就好了。使用SLAVEOF host port就可以为从机配置主机
# 6380
# SLAVEOF host port
# 二个从机 都 认 127.0.0.1 6379 为老大
127.0.0.1:6380> SLAVEOF 127.0.0.1 6379
OK
# Replication
role:slave # 角色:奴隶(从属)
master_host:127.0.0.1 # 老大的ip
master_port:6379 # 老大的端口# 6381
127.0.0.1:6381> SLAVEOF 127.0.0.1 6379
OK
127.0.0.1:6381> info replication
# Replication
role:slave
master_host:127.0.0.1
master_port:6379# 6378 [主机]
# 然后主机上也能看到从机的状态:
127.0.0.1:6379> info replication
# Replication
role:master # 角色:主机
connected_slaves:2 # 从机数量
slave0:ip=127.0.0.1,port=6381,state=online,offset=322,lag=1 # 从机2信息
slave1:ip=127.0.0.1,port=6380,state=online,offset=322,lag=0 # 从机1信息# 从服务器写入操作报错
127.0.0.1:6381> set name tang
(error) READONLY You can't write against a read only replica.我们这里是使用命令搭建,是暂时的(重启失效),真实开发中应该在从机的配置文件中进行配置,这样的话是永久的

配置文件方式永久生效
################################# REPLICATION #################################
#
# +------------------+ +---------------+
# | Master | ---> | Replica |
# | (receive writes) | | (exact copy) |
# +------------------+ +---------------+
#
# 配置主机信息
# replicaof <masterip> <masterport>
replicaof 127.0.0.1 6379
# 如果 Redis 有密码需要在配置文件设置主机密码 masterauth ******
# masterauth <master-password>1、从机自动保存主机的所以数据
2、从机只能读,不能写,主机可读可写但是多用于写,主机故障后,不会出现新的主机,有两种方式可以产生新的主机
主从切换技术的方法是:当主服务器宕机后,需要手动把一台从服务器切换为主服务器,这就需要人工干预,费事费力,还会造成一段时间内服务不可用。这不是一种推荐的方式,更多时候,我们优先考虑哨兵模式。Redis从2.8开始正式提供了Sentinel(哨兵) 架构来解决这个问题。
概述:哨兵模式是一种特殊的模式,首先Redis提供了哨兵的命令,哨兵是一个独立的进程,作为进程,它会独立运行。其原理是哨兵通过发送命令,等待Redis服务器响应,从而监控运行的多个Redis实例。

假设主服务器宕机,哨兵1先检测到这个结果,系统并不会马上进行failover过程,仅仅是哨兵1主观的认为主服务器不可用,这个现象称为主观下线。当后面的哨兵也检测到主服务器不可用,并且数量达到一定值时,那么哨兵之间就会进行一次投票,投票的结果由一个哨兵发起,进行failover[故障转移]操作。 切换成功后,就会通过发布订阅模式,让各个哨兵把自己监控的从服务器实现切换主机,这个过程称为客观下线。

# sentinel monitor 被监控的名称 host port 1
# 其中mymaster为监控对象起的服务器名称,1 为至少有多少个哨兵同意迁移的数量。
sentinel monitor mymaster 127.0.0.1 6379 1[root@TANG2021 bin]# redis-sentinel sentinel.conf
18585:X 04 Sep 2022 13:35:09.729 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo
18585:X 04 Sep 2022 13:35:09.729 # Redis version=5.0.8, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=18585, just started
18585:X 04 Sep 2022 13:35:09.729 # Configuration loaded
_._
_.-``__ ''-._
_.-`` `. `_. ''-._ Redis 5.0.8 (00000000/0) 64 bit
.-`` .-```. ```\/ _.,_ ''-._
( ' , .-` | `, ) Running in sentinel mode
|`-._`-...-` __...-.``-._|'` _.-'| Port: 26379
| `-._ `._ / _.-' | PID: 18585
`-._ `-._ `-./ _.-' _.-'
|`-._`-._ `-.__.-' _.-'_.-'|
| `-._`-._ _.-'_.-' | http://redis.io
`-._ `-._`-.__.-'_.-' _.-'
|`-._`-._ `-.__.-' _.-'_.-'|
| `-._`-._ _.-'_.-' |
`-._ `-._`-.__.-'_.-' _.-'
`-._ `-.__.-' _.-'
`-._ _.-'
`-.__.-'
18585:X 04 Sep 2022 13:35:09.731 # WARNING: The TCP backlog setting of 511 cannot be enforced because /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn is set to the lower value of 128.
18585:X 04 Sep 2022 13:35:09.734 # Sentinel ID is 4a9ef6f1269e0848f76284eaf9808c6d4eb95303
18585:X 04 Sep 2022 13:35:09.734 # +monitor master mymaster 127.0.0.1 16379 quorum 1
18585:X 04 Sep 2022 13:35:09.735 * +slave slave 127.0.0.1:6380 127.0.0.1 6380 @ mymaster 127.0.0.1 16379
18585:X 04 Sep 2022 13:35:09.736 * +slave slave 127.0.0.1:6381 127.0.0.1 6381 @ mymaster 127.0.0.1 16379这个时候,我们将16379端口shutdown掉,看sentinel服务重新选举
_._
_.-``__ ''-._
_.-`` `. `_. ''-._ Redis 5.0.8 (00000000/0) 64 bit
.-`` .-```. ```\/ _.,_ ''-._
( ' , .-` | `, ) Running in sentinel mode
|`-._`-...-` __...-.``-._|'` _.-'| Port: 26379
| `-._ `._ / _.-' | PID: 18585
`-._ `-._ `-./ _.-' _.-'
|`-._`-._ `-.__.-' _.-'_.-'|
| `-._`-._ _.-'_.-' | http://redis.io
`-._ `-._`-.__.-'_.-' _.-'
|`-._`-._ `-.__.-' _.-'_.-'|
| `-._`-._ _.-'_.-' |
`-._ `-._`-.__.-'_.-' _.-'
`-._ `-.__.-' _.-'
`-._ _.-'
`-.__.-'
18585:X 04 Sep 2022 13:35:09.731 # WARNING: The TCP backlog setting of 511 cannot be enforced because /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn is set to the lower value of 128.
18585:X 04 Sep 2022 13:35:09.734 # Sentinel ID is 4a9ef6f1269e0848f76284eaf9808c6d4eb95303
18585:X 04 Sep 2022 13:35:09.734 # +monitor master mymaster 127.0.0.1 16379 quorum 1
18585:X 04 Sep 2022 13:35:09.735 * +slave slave 127.0.0.1:6380 127.0.0.1 6380 @ mymaster 127.0.0.1 16379
18585:X 04 Sep 2022 13:35:09.736 * +slave slave 127.0.0.1:6381 127.0.0.1 6381 @ mymaster 127.0.0.1 16379
18585:X 04 Sep 2022 13:36:19.806 # +sdown master mymaster 127.0.0.1 16379
18585:X 04 Sep 2022 13:36:19.806 # +odown master mymaster 127.0.0.1 16379 #quorum 1/1
18585:X 04 Sep 2022 13:36:19.806 # +new-epoch 1
18585:X 04 Sep 2022 13:36:19.806 # +try-failover master mymaster 127.0.0.1 16379
18585:X 04 Sep 2022 13:36:19.811 # +vote-for-leader 4a9ef6f1269e0848f76284eaf9808c6d4eb95303 1
18585:X 04 Sep 2022 13:36:19.811 # +elected-leader master mymaster 127.0.0.1 16379
18585:X 04 Sep 2022 13:36:19.811 # +failover-state-select-slave master mymaster 127.0.0.1 16379
18585:X 04 Sep 2022 13:36:19.902 # +selected-slave slave 127.0.0.1:6381 127.0.0.1 6381 @ mymaster 127.0.0.1 16379
18585:X 04 Sep 2022 13:36:19.902 * +failover-state-send-slaveof-noone slave 127.0.0.1:6381 127.0.0.1 6381 @ mymaster 127.0.0.1 16379
18585:X 04 Sep 2022 13:36:19.969 * +failover-state-wait-promotion slave 127.0.0.1:6381 127.0.0.1 6381 @ mymaster 127.0.0.1 16379
18585:X 04 Sep 2022 13:36:20.167 # +promoted-slave slave 127.0.0.1:6381 127.0.0.1 6381 @ mymaster 127.0.0.1 16379
18585:X 04 Sep 2022 13:36:20.167 # +failover-state-reconf-slaves master mymaster 127.0.0.1 16379
18585:X 04 Sep 2022 13:36:20.256 * +slave-reconf-sent slave 127.0.0.1:6380 127.0.0.1 6380 @ mymaster 127.0.0.1 16379
18585:X 04 Sep 2022 13:36:21.210 * +slave-reconf-inprog slave 127.0.0.1:6380 127.0.0.1 6380 @ mymaster 127.0.0.1 16379
18585:X 04 Sep 2022 13:36:21.210 * +slave-reconf-done slave 127.0.0.1:6380 127.0.0.1 6380 @ mymaster 127.0.0.1 16379
18585:X 04 Sep 2022 13:36:21.310 # +failover-end master mymaster 127.0.0.1 16379
18585:X 04 Sep 2022 13:36:21.310 # +switch-master mymaster 127.0.0.1 16379 127.0.0.1 6381
18585:X 04 Sep 2022 13:36:21.310 * +slave slave 127.0.0.1:6380 127.0.0.1 6380 @ mymaster 127.0.0.1 6381
18585:X 04 Sep 2022 13:36:21.310 * +slave slave 127.0.0.1:16379 127.0.0.1 16379 @ mymaster 127.0.0.1 6381
18585:X 04 Sep 2022 13:36:51.333 # +sdown slave 127.0.0.1:16379 127.0.0.1 16379 @ mymaster 127.0.0.1 6381
2. 挑选出新的主服务之后sentinel向原主服务的从服务发送slaveof新主服务的命令,复制新master
3. 当已下线的服务重新上线时,sentinel会向其发送slaveof命令,让其成为新主的从
Redis集群实现了对Redis的水平扩容,即启动N个redis节点,将整个数据库分布存储在这N个节点中,每个节点存储总数据的1/N
制作6个实例,16379,16380,16381,16389,16390,16391:
# 开启daemonize yes
daemonize yes
# Pid文件名字
pidfile /var/run/redis_16379.pid
# 指定端口
port 16379
# Log文件名字
logfile "16379.log"
# Dump.rdb名字
dbfilename dump16379.rdb
# redis cluster配置修改
# 打开集群模式
cluster-enabled yes
# 设定节点配置文件名
cluster-config-file nodes-6379.conf
# 设定节点失联时间,超过该时间(毫秒),集群自动进行主从切换
cluster-node-timeout 15000 修改好redis16379.conf文件,拷贝多个redis.conf文件,使用查找替换修改另外5个文件:例如::%s/16379/16380
[root@TANG2021 cluster]# cp redis.conf redis16380.conf
[root@TANG2021 cluster]# cp redis.conf redis16381.conf
[root@TANG2021 cluster]# cp redis.conf redis16389.conf
[root@TANG2021 cluster]# cp redis.conf redis16390.conf
[root@TANG2021 cluster]# cp redis.conf redis16391.conf
[root@TANG2021 cluster]# ll
总用量 448
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 61779 9月 4 16:12 redis16379.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 61779 9月 4 16:12 redis16380.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 61779 9月 4 16:13 redis16381.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 61779 9月 4 16:13 redis16389.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 61779 9月 4 16:13 redis16390.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 61779 9月 4 16:13 redis16391.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 61779 9月 4 16:12 redis.conf启动6个redis服务
[root@TANG2021 cluster]# ../redis-server redis16381.conf
[root@TANG2021 cluster]# ps -ef |grep redis
root 5229 1 0 16:25 ? 00:00:00 ../redis-server *:16389 [cluster]
root 5237 1 0 16:25 ? 00:00:00 ../redis-server *:16390 [cluster]
root 5244 1 0 16:25 ? 00:00:00 ../redis-server *:16391 [cluster]
root 5249 1 0 16:25 ? 00:00:00 ../redis-server *:16379 [cluster]
root 5263 1 0 16:25 ? 00:00:00 ../redis-server *:16380 [cluster]
root 5501 1 0 16:28 ? 00:00:00 ../redis-server *:16381 [cluster]
root 5508 3575 0 16:28 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto redisredis集群合体:cd /opt/redis-6.2.1/src
[root@TANG2021 src]# redis-cli --cluster create --cluster-replicas 1 192.168.68.143:16379 192.168.68.143:16380 192.168.68.143:16381 192.168.68.143:16389 192.168.68.143:16390 192.168.68.143:16391
>>> Performing hash slots allocation on 6 nodes...
Master[0] -> Slots 0 - 5460
Master[1] -> Slots 5461 - 10922
Master[2] -> Slots 10923 - 16383
Adding replica 192.168.68.143:16390 to 192.168.68.143:16379
Adding replica 192.168.68.143:16391 to 192.168.68.143:16380
Adding replica 192.168.68.143:16389 to 192.168.68.143:16381
>>> Trying to optimize slaves allocation for anti-affinity
[WARNING] Some slaves are in the same host as their master
M: 050f426fbbe0c68882a3c2fe1e9a8c0fede020e9 192.168.68.143:16379
slots:[0-5460] (5461 slots) master
M: 6cf02daaa7797e506a788acf0ceca2bc7387d284 192.168.68.143:16380
slots:[5461-10922] (5462 slots) master
M: b994fb96b5a6e9b9aeb4d9ca9be0e5e7f0ac3df0 192.168.68.143:16381
slots:[10923-16383] (5461 slots) master
S: 7754ce5033cef06c3844969878a1b64f17ab5dbb 192.168.68.143:16389
replicates 050f426fbbe0c68882a3c2fe1e9a8c0fede020e9
S: a856a2fab10f875511e63aa5e2a52a9837c80176 192.168.68.143:16390
replicates 6cf02daaa7797e506a788acf0ceca2bc7387d284
S: 3ae80e542decefa2ca19568d3a3a89eb8fd26207 192.168.68.143:16391
replicates b994fb96b5a6e9b9aeb4d9ca9be0e5e7f0ac3df0
Can I set the above configuration? (type 'yes' to accept): yes
>>> Nodes configuration updated
>>> Assign a different config epoch to each node
>>> Sending CLUSTER MEET messages to join the cluster
Waiting for the cluster to join
..
>>> Performing Cluster Check (using node 192.168.68.143:16379)
M: 050f426fbbe0c68882a3c2fe1e9a8c0fede020e9 192.168.68.143:16379
slots:[0-5460] (5461 slots) master
1 additional replica(s)
S: 7754ce5033cef06c3844969878a1b64f17ab5dbb 192.168.68.143:16389
slots: (0 slots) slave
replicates 050f426fbbe0c68882a3c2fe1e9a8c0fede020e9
S: a856a2fab10f875511e63aa5e2a52a9837c80176 192.168.68.143:16390
slots: (0 slots) slave
replicates 6cf02daaa7797e506a788acf0ceca2bc7387d284
M: 6cf02daaa7797e506a788acf0ceca2bc7387d284 192.168.68.143:16380
slots:[5461-10922] (5462 slots) master
1 additional replica(s)
M: b994fb96b5a6e9b9aeb4d9ca9be0e5e7f0ac3df0 192.168.68.143:16381
slots:[10923-16383] (5461 slots) master
1 additional replica(s)
S: 3ae80e542decefa2ca19568d3a3a89eb8fd26207 192.168.68.143:16391
slots: (0 slots) slave
replicates b994fb96b5a6e9b9aeb4d9ca9be0e5e7f0ac3df0
[OK] All nodes agree about slots configuration.
>>> Check for open slots...
>>> Check slots coverage...
[OK] All 16384 slots covered.
[root@TANG2021 src]# 普通方式登录
可能直接进入读主机,存储数据时,会出现MOVED重定向操作。所以,应该以集群方式登录
[root@TANG2021 cluster]# ../redis-cli -p 16379
127.0.0.1:16379> keys *
(empty list or set)
127.0.0.1:16379> set name tang
(error) MOVED 5798 192.168.68.143:16380
127.0.0.1:16379> exit-c:采用集群策略连接,设置数据会自动切换到相应的写主机
[root@TANG2021 cluster]# ../redis-cli -c -p 16379
127.0.0.1:16379> keys *
(empty list or set)
127.0.0.1:16379> set name tang
-> Redirected to slot [5798] located at 192.168.68.143:16380
OK
192.168.68.143:16380> cluster nodes
3ae80e542decefa2ca19568d3a3a89eb8fd26207 192.168.68.143:16391@26391 slave b994fb96b5a6e9b9aeb4d9ca9be0e5e7f0ac3df0 0 1662280767952 6 connected
6cf02daaa7797e506a788acf0ceca2bc7387d284 192.168.68.143:16380@26380 myself,master - 0 1662280767000 2 connected 5461-10922
a856a2fab10f875511e63aa5e2a52a9837c80176 192.168.68.143:16390@26390 slave 6cf02daaa7797e506a788acf0ceca2bc7387d284 0 1662280766942 5 connected
b994fb96b5a6e9b9aeb4d9ca9be0e5e7f0ac3df0 192.168.68.143:16381@26381 master - 0 1662280766000 3 connected 10923-16383
050f426fbbe0c68882a3c2fe1e9a8c0fede020e9 192.168.68.143:16379@26379 master - 0 1662280768962 1 connected 0-5460
7754ce5033cef06c3844969878a1b64f17ab5dbb 192.168.68.143:16389@26389 slave 050f426fbbe0c68882a3c2fe1e9a8c0fede020e9 0 1662280765934 4 connected
192.168.68.143:16380> exit什么是slots?
一个 Redis 集群包含16384个插槽(hash slot)数据库中的每个键都属于这16384个插槽的其中一个集群使用公式CRC16(key) %16384来计算键key属于哪个槽, 其中CRC16(key) 语句用于计算键key的CRC16校验和集群中的每个节点负责处理一部分插槽。 举个例子, 如果一个集群可以有主节点, 其中:
在Redis集群模式下,当一个主节点(master node)下线时,确实可以从节点(slave node)自动晋升为新的主节点(master node),这个过程通常被称为“故障转移”(failover)。Redis集群通过使用一个称为“故障检测”(failover detection)的机制来实现这一功能。
主节点回来变成从机
原创声明:本文系作者授权腾讯云开发者社区发表,未经许可,不得转载。
如有侵权,请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除。
原创声明:本文系作者授权腾讯云开发者社区发表,未经许可,不得转载。
如有侵权,请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除。