Java GUI 编程全攻略：Swing 与 JavaFX 入门实战

java复制编辑import javax.swing.*;

public class HelloSwing {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        JFrame frame = new JFrame("Swing 示例");
        frame.setSize(400, 300);
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        JLabel label = new JLabel("你好，Swing！");
        frame.add(label);

        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

diff复制编辑+------------------------+
|      你好，Swing！     |
+------------------------+

java复制编辑JButton button = new JButton("点击我");
button.addActionListener(e -> {
    JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(frame, "按钮被点击了！");
});
frame.add(button);

java复制编辑frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
frame.add(new JButton("按钮1"));
frame.add(new JButton("按钮2"));

diff复制编辑+-----------------------------+
| 菜单栏：文件 编辑         |
+-----------------------------+
|                             |
|       JTextArea            |
|                             |
+-----------------------------+

java复制编辑public class SimpleNotepad {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        JFrame frame = new JFrame("记事本");
        JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea();
        frame.add(new JScrollPane(textArea));

        JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar();
        JMenu fileMenu = new JMenu("文件");
        JMenuItem openItem = new JMenuItem("打开");
        JMenuItem saveItem = new JMenuItem("保存");
        JMenuItem exitItem = new JMenuItem("退出");

        openItem.addActionListener(e -> {
            JFileChooser chooser = new JFileChooser();
            if (chooser.showOpenDialog(frame) == JFileChooser.APPROVE_OPTION) {
                try {
                    File file = chooser.getSelectedFile();
                    textArea.setText(Files.readString(file.toPath()));
                } catch (IOException ex) {
                    ex.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        });

        saveItem.addActionListener(e -> {
            JFileChooser chooser = new JFileChooser();
            if (chooser.showSaveDialog(frame) == JFileChooser.APPROVE_OPTION) {
                try {
                    File file = chooser.getSelectedFile();
                    Files.writeString(file.toPath(), textArea.getText());
                } catch (IOException ex) {
                    ex.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        });

        exitItem.addActionListener(e -> System.exit(0));

        fileMenu.add(openItem);
        fileMenu.add(saveItem);
        fileMenu.add(exitItem);
        menuBar.add(fileMenu);
        frame.setJMenuBar(menuBar);

        frame.setSize(500, 400);
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

java复制编辑import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Label;
import javafx.scene.layout.StackPane;
import javafx.stage.Stage;

public class HelloFX extends Application {
    @Override
    public void start(Stage stage) {
        Label label = new Label("你好，JavaFX！");
        StackPane root = new StackPane(label);
        Scene scene = new Scene(root, 400, 300);
        stage.setTitle("JavaFX 示例");
        stage.setScene(scene);
        stage.show();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        launch();
    }
}

xml复制编辑<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<VBox xmlns="http://javafx.com/javafx"
      xmlns:fx="http://javafx.com/fxml"
      fx:controller="com.example.Controller">
    <Label text="欢迎使用" />
    <Button text="点击" onAction="#handleClick" />
</VBox>

java复制编辑public class Controller {
    public void handleClick() {
        System.out.println("按钮被点击！");
    }
}

less复制编辑+-----------------------------+
| 输入1：[    ]              |
| 输入2：[    ]              |
| [ + ] [ - ] [ * ] [ / ]    |
| 结果：[          ]         |
+-----------------------------+

java复制编辑public class CalculatorApp extends Application {
    @Override
    public void start(Stage stage) {
        TextField input1 = new TextField();
        TextField input2 = new TextField();
        Label result = new Label("结果");

        Button add = new Button("+");
        add.setOnAction(e -> {
            double a = Double.parseDouble(input1.getText());
            double b = Double.parseDouble(input2.getText());
            result.setText("结果: " + (a + b));
        });

        HBox buttons = new HBox(10, add, new Button("-"), new Button("*"), new Button("/"));
        VBox root = new VBox(10, input1, input2, buttons, result);

        Scene scene = new Scene(root, 300, 200);
        stage.setScene(scene);
        stage.setTitle("计算器");
        stage.show();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        launch();
    }
}