SpringBoot+MySQL实现动态定时任务

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发布于 2025-05-09 06:24:11

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介绍

一个极简的基于springboot的动态定时任务demo，spring-context模块有对任务调度进行支持，本demo也是基于这个模块进行开发，功能相对简单，用户可以按需改造，比如添加运维界面，在界面上更加灵活的控制任务执行与更新。

基本原理

服务启动后，扫描数据库中的task表，将定时任务添加到调度器中
起一个固定频率执行的ScheduleUpdater任务去扫描数据库，判断任务如有启停、调整cron的话，就更新调度器中的任务。

依赖的核心API

将任务添加到调度器之后,会返回一个ScheduledFuture对象用于控制任务的取消执行。

java 体验AI代码助手 代码解读复制代码//添加任务到调度器
@see org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskScheduler#schedule(java.lang.Runnable, org.springframework.scheduling.Trigger)
//取消任务执行
@see java.util.concurrent.Future#cancel
@see java.util.concurrent.ScheduledFuture

具体实现

数据库表

sql 体验AI代码助手 代码解读复制代码-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for t_scheduler_info
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t_scheduler_info`;
CREATE TABLE `t_scheduler_info` (
  `id` bigint NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `task_name` varchar(32) NOT NULL,
  `task_code` varchar(64) NOT NULL,
  `task_cron` varchar(32) NOT NULL,
  `state` tinyint DEFAULT 1 NOT  NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=15 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci COMMENT='任务表';

INSERT INTO `demo`.`t_scheduler_info` (`id`, `task_name`, `task_code`, `task_cron`, `state`) VALUES ('1', 'foo', 'foo', '0/5 * * * * ?', '1');
INSERT INTO `demo`.`t_scheduler_info` (`id`, `task_name`, `task_code`, `task_cron`, `state`) VALUES ('2', 'bar', 'bar', '0/9 * * * * ?', '0');
INSERT INTO `demo`.`t_scheduler_info` (`id`, `task_name`, `task_code`, `task_cron`, `state`) VALUES ('3', 'didi', 'didi', '0/10 * * * * ?', '0');

maven依赖

xml 体验AI代码助手 代码解读复制代码    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.10.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/>
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>schedule-demo</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0</version>
    <name>schedule-demo</name>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.22</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

项目启动类及配置类

java 体验AI代码助手 代码解读复制代码@SpringBootApplication
@EnableScheduling //开启定时任务支持
public class ScheduleDemoApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ScheduleDemoApplication.class, args);
    }

}

@Configuration
@Slf4j
public class ScheduleConfig implements SchedulingConfigurer {

    @Override
    public void configureTasks(ScheduledTaskRegistrar scheduledTaskRegistrar) {
        scheduledTaskRegistrar.setTaskScheduler(taskScheduler());
    }

    @Bean
    public ThreadPoolTaskScheduler taskScheduler() {
        ThreadPoolTaskScheduler taskScheduler = new ThreadPoolTaskScheduler();
        taskScheduler.setPoolSize(10);
        taskScheduler.setWaitForTasksToCompleteOnShutdown(true);
        taskScheduler.setThreadNamePrefix("dynamic_schedule_");
        taskScheduler.setRemoveOnCancelPolicy(true);
        taskScheduler.setErrorHandler(t -> {
            //TODO
            t.printStackTrace();
        });
        return taskScheduler;
    }
}

任务动态更新

java 体验AI代码助手 代码解读复制代码@Component
@Slf4j
public final class ScheduleTaskService implements InitializingBean {
    
    //任务注册表，存储所有运行的任务，动态增删基于它来操作
    public final static ConcurrentHashMap<String, dynamicScheduleTask> taskHolder = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();

    @Resource
    private ScheduleInfoDao scheduleInfoDao;

    //拿到所有的ITask对象，转换成Map<TaskCode, ITask>,添加任务时通过TaskCode定位到ITask
    @Resource
    private List<ITask> jobs;
    private Map<String, ITask> jobMap;

    @Resource
    private ThreadPoolTaskScheduler taskScheduler;

    public void newScheduleTask(dynamicScheduleTask scheduleTask) {
        String taskCode = scheduleTask.getTaskCode();
        String taskCron = scheduleTask.getTaskCron();

        // 通过taskCode定位Itask，然后添加调度器
        ITask job = jobMap.get(taskCode);
        TaskPO taskPO = new TaskPO();
        BeanUtils.copyProperties(scheduleTask, taskPO);
        job.setTaskInfo(taskPO);

       // Date executionTime = new CronTrigger(taskCron).nextExecutionTime(new SimpleTriggerContext());
       // log.info("executionTime={}",executionTime);

        ScheduledFuture<?> scheduledFuture = taskScheduler.schedule(job, new CronTrigger(taskCron));
        taskHolder.put(taskCode, new dynamicScheduleTask(taskCode, taskCron, scheduledFuture));
        log.info("new task={} cron={}", taskCode, taskCron);
    }

    public void updateScheduleTask(dynamicScheduleTask newScheduleTask) {
        String taskCode = newScheduleTask.getTaskCode();
        String taskCron = newScheduleTask.getTaskCron();
        Integer state = newScheduleTask.getState();

        if (state == 0) {
            removeScheduleTask(taskCode);
            return;
        }

        dynamicScheduleTask oldScheduleTask = taskHolder.get(taskCode);

        if (oldScheduleTask == null) {
            newScheduleTask(newScheduleTask);
            return;
        }

        if (oldScheduleTask != null && !taskCron.equalsIgnoreCase(oldScheduleTask.getTaskCron())) {
            log.info("update task={},cron={} --> {}", taskCode, oldScheduleTask.getTaskCron(), taskCron);
            removeScheduleTask(taskCode);

            newScheduleTask(new dynamicScheduleTask(taskCode, taskCron));
        }
    }

    public void removeScheduleTask(String taskCode) {
        dynamicScheduleTask oldScheduleTask = taskHolder.get(taskCode);
        if (oldScheduleTask != null) {
            oldScheduleTask.getScheduledFuture().cancel(true);
            taskHolder.remove(taskCode);
            log.info("remove task={}", taskCode);
        }
    }

    public void scheduleAll() {
        List<ScheduleInfoEntity> schedules = (List<ScheduleInfoEntity>) scheduleInfoDao.findAll();
        schedules.stream()
                .filter(task -> task.getState() == 1) //过滤task状态，1为启动
                .forEach(task -> {
                    dynamicScheduleTask dynamicScheduleTask = new dynamicScheduleTask();
                    BeanUtils.copyProperties(task, dynamicScheduleTask);
                    newScheduleTask(dynamicScheduleTask);
                });
    }


    @Override
    public void afterPropertiesSet() {
        jobMap = jobs.stream().collect(Collectors.toMap(ITask::getTaskCode, Function.identity()));
    }
}

启动任务扫描与更新

ScheduleInit ApplicationRunner的实现类，用于服务启动后加载数据库中的任务，以及启动线程定时扫描任务表，更新调度器。

ScheduleUpdater 定时扫描数据库做更新

java 体验AI代码助手 代码解读复制代码@Component
public class ScheduleInit implements ApplicationRunner {

    @Resource
    private ScheduleUpdater scheduleUpdater;

    @Resource
    private ScheduleTaskService scheduleTaskService;

    @Resource
    private ThreadPoolTaskScheduler taskScheduler;

    @Value("${task.refresh.interval:5}")
    private int refreshInterval;

    @Override
    public void run(ApplicationArguments args) {
        scheduleTaskService.scheduleAll();

        //task update thread
        taskScheduler.scheduleWithFixedDelay(scheduleUpdater, Duration.ofSeconds(refreshInterval));
    }
}

@Slf4j
@Component
public class ScheduleUpdater implements Runnable {

    @Resource
    private ScheduleInfoDao scheduleInfoDao;

    @Resource
    private ScheduleTaskService scheduleTaskService;

    @Override
    public void run() {
        scheduleInfoDao.findAll().forEach(task -> {
            dynamicScheduleTask dynamicScheduleTask = new dynamicScheduleTask();
            BeanUtils.copyProperties(task, dynamicScheduleTask);
            scheduleTaskService.updateScheduleTask(dynamicScheduleTask);
        });
    }

}

任务基类

ITask 动态任务的基类，项目中的定时任务都基于它实现业务逻辑，如FooTask

java 体验AI代码助手 代码解读复制代码public interface ITask extends Runnable {

    /**
     * ScheduleTaskService通过taskCode定位到具体的任务
     */
    String getTaskCode();

    /**
     * 传递数据库中的task信息
     *
     * @param taskPO
     */
    default void setTaskInfo(TaskPO taskPO) {

    }
}

@Component
@Slf4j
public class FooTask implements ITask {

    @Override
    public String getTaskCode() {
        return "foo";
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        log.info("I am {} task,cron={}, 呱呱呱", getTaskCode(), taskPO.getTaskCron());
    }


    @Override
    public void setTaskInfo(TaskPO taskPO) {
        this.taskPO = taskPO;
    }

    private TaskPO taskPO;
}

@Component
@Slf4j
public class DiDiTask implements ITask {


    @Override
    public String getTaskCode() {
        return "didi";
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        log.info("I am {} task, 滴滴滴", getTaskCode());
    }

//    @Override
//    public void setTaskInfo(TaskPO taskPO) {
//        this.taskPO = taskPO;
//    }
//
//    private TaskPO taskPO;
}

其它的数据库访问层及domain

java 体验AI代码助手 代码解读复制代码//CrudRepository
public interface ScheduleInfoDao extends CrudRepository<ScheduleInfoEntity,Integer> {

}

//Entity
@Entity
@Table(name = "t_scheduler_info")
@Data
public class ScheduleInfoEntity {
    @Id
    private Integer id;
    private String taskName;
    private String taskCode;
    private String taskCron;
    private Integer state;
}

//传递给ITask，供业务端灵活使用
@Data
public class TaskPO {
    private Integer id;
    private String taskName;
    private String taskCode;
    private String taskCron;
    private Integer state;
    // other info...
}

//ScheduleTaskService使用的对象，主要是hold ScheduledFuture
@Data
public class dynamicScheduleTask {
    private String taskCode;
    private String taskCron;
    private String taskName;
    private Integer state;

    /**
     * 任务添加到调度器之后会返回该对象，可以用于控制任务的取消
     */
    private ScheduledFuture<?> scheduledFuture;

    public dynamicScheduleTask() {

    }

    public dynamicScheduleTask(String taskCode, String taskCron) {
        this.taskCode = taskCode;
        this.taskCron = taskCron;
    }

    public dynamicScheduleTask(String taskCode, String taskCron, ScheduledFuture<?> scheduledFuture) {
        this.taskCode = taskCode;
        this.taskCron = taskCron;
        this.scheduledFuture = scheduledFuture;
    }

    public String getTaskCode() {
        return taskCode;
    }

}

properties 体验AI代码助手 代码解读复制代码#数据库配置
# database
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo?allowMultiQueries=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=GMT%2B8
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=root
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.type=com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource
spring.datasource.druid.initialSize=10
spring.datasource.druid.minIdle=20
spring.datasource.druid.maxActive=20
spring.datasource.druid.query-timeout=60
spring.datasource.druid.max-wait=20000