HashMap实现原理分析（Java源码剖析）内部实现存储结构-字段功能实现-方法Map中各实现类的总结小结

static class Node<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> {
        final int hash;    //用来定位数组索引位置
        final K key;
        V value;
        Node<K,V> next;   //链表的下一个node

        Node(int hash, K key, V value, Node<K,V> next) { ... }
        public final K getKey(){ ... }
        public final V getValue() { ... }
        public final String toString() { ... }
        public final int hashCode() { ... }
        public final V setValue(V newValue) { ... }
        public final boolean equals(Object o) { ... }
}

/**
     * Constructs an empty <tt>HashMap</tt> with the specified initial
     * capacity and load factor.
     *
     * @param  initialCapacity the initial capacity
     * @param  loadFactor      the load factor
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the initial capacity is negative
     *         or the load factor is nonpositive
     */
    public HashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
        if (initialCapacity < 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal initial capacity: " +
                                               initialCapacity);
        if (initialCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)
            initialCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;
        if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor))
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal load factor: " +
                                               loadFactor);
        this.loadFactor = loadFactor;
        this.threshold = tableSizeFor(initialCapacity);
    }

     int threshold;             // 所能容纳的key-value对极限 
     final float loadFactor;    // 负载因子
     int modCount;  
     int size;

1 public V put(K key, V value) {
 2     // 对key的hashCode()做hash
 3     return putVal(hash(key), key, value, false, true);
 4 }
 5 
 6 final V putVal(int hash, K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent,
 7                boolean evict) {
 8     Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> p; int n, i;
 9     // 步骤①：tab为空则创建
10     if ((tab = table) == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)
11         n = (tab = resize()).length;
12     // 步骤②：计算index，并对null做处理 
13     if ((p = tab[i = (n - 1) & hash]) == null) 
14         tab[i] = newNode(hash, key, value, null);
15     else {
16         Node<K,V> e; K k;
17         // 步骤③：节点key存在，直接覆盖value
18         if (p.hash == hash &&
19             ((k = p.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
20             e = p;
21         // 步骤④：判断该链为红黑树
22         else if (p instanceof TreeNode)
23             e = ((TreeNode<K,V>)p).putTreeVal(this, tab, hash, key, value);
24         // 步骤⑤：该链为链表
25         else {
26             for (int binCount = 0; ; ++binCount) {
27                 if ((e = p.next) == null) {
28                     p.next = newNode(hash, key,value,null);
                        //链表长度大于8转换为红黑树进行处理
29                     if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD - 1) // -1 for 1st  
30                         treeifyBin(tab, hash);
31                     break;
32                 }
                    // key已经存在直接覆盖value
33                 if (e.hash == hash &&
34                     ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) 
35                            break;
36                 p = e;
37             }
38         }
39         
40         if (e != null) { // existing mapping for key
41             V oldValue = e.value;
42             if (!onlyIfAbsent || oldValue == null)
43                 e.value = value;
44             afterNodeAccess(e);
45             return oldValue;
46         }
47     }

48     ++modCount;
49     // 步骤⑥：超过最大容量 就扩容
50     if (++size > threshold)
51         resize();
52     afterNodeInsertion(evict);
53     return null;
54 }

 1 void resize(int newCapacity) {   //传入新的容量
 2     Entry[] oldTable = table;    //引用扩容前的Entry数组
 3     int oldCapacity = oldTable.length;         
 4     if (oldCapacity == MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) {  //扩容前的数组大小如果已经达到最大(2^30)了
 5         threshold = Integer.MAX_VALUE; //修改阈值为int的最大值(2^31-1)，这样以后就不会扩容了
 6         return;
 7     }
 8  
 9     Entry[] newTable = new Entry[newCapacity];  //初始化一个新的Entry数组
10     transfer(newTable);                         //！！将数据转移到新的Entry数组里
11     table = newTable;                           //HashMap的table属性引用新的Entry数组
12     threshold = (int)(newCapacity * loadFactor);//修改阈值
13 }

 1 void transfer(Entry[] newTable) {
 2     Entry[] src = table;                   //src引用了旧的Entry数组
 3     int newCapacity = newTable.length;
 4     for (int j = 0; j < src.length; j++) { //遍历旧的Entry数组
 5         Entry<K,V> e = src[j];             //取得旧Entry数组的每个元素
 6         if (e != null) {
 7             src[j] = null;//释放旧Entry数组的对象引用（for循环后，旧的Entry数组不再引用任何对象）
 8             do {
 9                 Entry<K,V> next = e.next;
10                 int i = indexFor(e.hash, newCapacity); //！！重新计算每个元素在数组中的位置
11                 e.next = newTable[i]; //标记[1]
12                 newTable[i] = e;      //将元素放在数组上
13                 e = next;             //访问下一个Entry链上的元素
14             } while (e != null);
15         }
16     }
17 }