基于C#和ASP.NET MVC框架的增删改查（CRUD）示例

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发布于 2025-04-16 19:17:52

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作为一个.NET后端开发人员（边缘），每天都是增删改查。。。所以下面这篇是我基于C#和ASP.NET MVC框架写的增删改查（CRUD）示例，使用SQL Server数据库。这个示例以一个简单的“学生信息管理系统”为例，包含学生的基本信息（如ID[学号]、姓名和年龄）。

1. 数据库设计

首先，创建一个名为StudentDB的数据库，并在其中创建一个Students表：

CREATE DATABASE StudentDB;

USE StudentDB;

CREATE TABLE Students
(
    Id INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1,1),
    Name NVARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
    Age INT NOT NULL
);

2. 创建ASP.NET MVC项目

在Visual Studio中创建一个新的ASP.NET MVC项目，选择“MVC”模板。

3. 配置数据库连接

在Web.config文件中添加数据库连接字符串：

<connectionStrings>
    <add name="StudentDBContext" connectionString="Data Source=YOUR_SERVER_NAME;Initial Catalog=StudentDB;Integrated Security=True" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" />
</connectionStrings>

将YOUR_SERVER_NAME替换为你的SQL Server实例名称。

4. 创建Entity Framework模型

使用Entity Framework Code First方法。首先，安装Entity Framework NuGet包：

Install-Package EntityFramework

然后，在Models文件夹中创建一个Student类和StudentDBContext类： Models/Student.cs

using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;

namespace StudentManagementSystem.Models
{
    public class Student
    {
        [Key]
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public int Age { get; set; }
    }
}

Models/StudentDBContext.cs

using System.Data.Entity;

namespace StudentManagementSystem.Models
{
    public class StudentDBContext : DbContext
    {
        public StudentDBContext() : base("StudentDBContext") 

        public DbSet<Student> Students { get; set; }
    }
}

5. 创建控制器

在Controllers文件夹中创建一个StudentsController类： Controllers/StudentsController.cs

using System.Linq;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using StudentManagementSystem.Models;

namespace StudentManagementSystem.Controllers
{
    public class StudentsController : Controller
    {
        private StudentDBContext db = new StudentDBContext();

        // GET: Students
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            return View(db.Students.ToList());
        }

        // GET: Students/Create
        public ActionResult Create()
        {
            return View();
        }

        // POST: Students/Create
        [HttpPost]
        public ActionResult Create(Student student)
        {
            if (ModelState.IsValid)
            {
                db.Students.Add(student);
                db.SaveChanges();
                return RedirectToAction("Index");
            }
            return View(student);
        }

        // GET: Students/Edit/5
        public ActionResult Edit(int id)
        {
            var student = db.Students.Find(id);
            if (student == null)
            {
                return HttpNotFound();
            }
            return View(student);
        }

        // POST: Students/Edit/5
        [HttpPost]
        public ActionResult Edit(Student student)
        {
            if (ModelState.IsValid)
            {
                db.Entry(student).State = System.Data.Entity.EntityState.Modified;
                db.SaveChanges();
                return RedirectToAction("Index");
            }
            return View(student);
        }

        // GET: Students/Delete/5
        public ActionResult Delete(int id)
        {
            var student = db.Students.Find(id);
            if (student == null)
            {
                return HttpNotFound();
            }
            return View(student);
        }

        // POST: Students/Delete/5
        [HttpPost, ActionName("Delete")]
        public ActionResult DeleteConfirmed(int id)
        {
            var student = db.Students.Find(id);
            db.Students.Remove(student);
            db.SaveChanges();
            return RedirectToAction("Index");
        }
    }
}

6. 创建视图

在Views/Students文件夹中创建以下视图文件： Views/Students/Index.cshtml

@model IEnumerable<StudentManagementSystem.Models.Student>

<h2>Student List</h2>
<p>
    @Html.ActionLink("Create New", "Create")
</p>
<table class="table">
    <tr>
        <th>
            @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.Name)
        </th>
        <th>
            @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.Age)
        </th>
        <th></th>
    </tr>
    @foreach (var item in Model)
    {
        <tr>
            <td>
                @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.Name)
            </td>
            <td>
                @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.Age)
            </td>
            <td>
                @Html.ActionLink("Edit", "Edit", new { id = item.Id }) |
                @Html.ActionLink("Delete", "Delete", new { id = item.Id })
            </td>
        </tr>
    }
</table>

Views/Students/Create.cshtml

@model StudentManagementSystem.Models.Student

<h2>Create</h2>

@using (Html.BeginForm())
{
    @Html.AntiForgeryToken()

    <div class="form-horizontal">
        <h4>Student</h4>
        <hr />
        @Html.ValidationSummary(true, "", new { @class = "text-danger" })
        <div class="form-group">
            @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Name, htmlAttributes: new { @class = "control-label col-md-2" })
            <div class="col-md-10">
                @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Name, new { htmlAttributes = new { @class = "form-control" } })
                @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Name, "", new { @class = "text-danger" })
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Age, htmlAttributes: new { @class = "control-label col-md-2" })
            <div class="col-md-10">
                @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Age, new { htmlAttributes = new { @class = "form-control" } })
                @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model

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原始发表：2025年02月24日，如有侵权请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除