6个设计模式不够用了，我又开始用它们两个了

#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <string>

// 游戏角色基类
classCharacter {
public:
    Character(const std::string& name, int level, int hp, int attack)
        : name_(name), level_(level), hp_(hp), attack_(attack) {}
    virtual ~Character() = default;
    
    // 克隆接口
    virtual std::unique_ptr<Character> clone() const = 0;
    
    // 显示角色信息
    virtual void display() const {
        std::cout << "角色名称: " << name_
                  << "\n等级: " << level_
                  << "\n生命值: " << hp_
                  << "\n攻击力: " << attack_ << "\n";
    }
    
    // 修改属性的方法
    void levelUp() { ++level_; }
    void setHP(int hp) { hp_ = hp; }

protected:
    std::string name_;
    int level_;
    int hp_;
    int attack_;
};

// 战士类
classWarrior : public Character {
public:
    Warrior(const std::string& name, int level, int hp, int attack, int defense)
        : Character(name, level, hp, attack), defense_(defense) {}
    
    // 实现克隆方法
    std::unique_ptr<Character> clone() const override {
        return std::make_unique<Warrior>(*this);
    }
    
    // 重写显示方法，添加防御力显示
    void display() const override {
        Character::display();
        std::cout << "防御力: " << defense_ << "\n";
    }

private:
    int defense_;
};

// 使用示例
void testGameCharacter() {
    // 创建一个原型战士
    auto warrior = std::make_unique<Warrior>("勇士A", 1, 100, 20, 10);
    std::cout << "原始角色:\n";
    warrior->display();
    
    // 克隆一个新战士
    auto clonedWarrior = warrior->clone();
    std::cout << "\n克隆角色:\n";
    clonedWarrior->display();
    
    // 修改克隆角色的属性
    clonedWarrior->levelUp();
    clonedWarrior->setHP(150);
    
    std::cout << "\n修改后的克隆角色:\n";
    clonedWarrior->display();
}

/* 输出示例：
原始角色:
角色名称: 勇士A
等级: 1
生命值: 100
攻击力: 20
防御力: 10

克隆角色:
角色名称: 勇士A
等级: 1
生命值: 100
攻击力: 20
防御力: 10

修改后的克隆角色:
角色名称: 勇士A
等级: 2
生命值: 150
攻击力: 20
防御力: 10
*/

#include <iostream>
#include <memory>

// 前向声明
classPlayer;

// 状态接口
classState {
public:
    virtual ~State() {}
    virtual void handle(Player& player) = 0;
    virtual const char* name() const = 0;
};

// 播放器上下文
classPlayer {
public:
    Player(std::unique_ptr<State> state) : state_(std::move(state)) {}

    void setState(std::unique_ptr<State> state) {
        state_ = std::move(state);
    }

    void request() {
        state_->handle(*this);
    }

    void printState() {
        std::cout << "Current State: " << state_->name() << "\n";
    }

private:
    std::unique_ptr<State> state_;
};

// 具体状态
classPlaying : public State {
public:
    void handle(Player& player) override;
    const char* name() const override { return"Playing"; }
};

classPaused : public State {
public:
    void handle(Player& player) override;
    const char* name() const override { return"Paused"; }
};

void Playing::handle(Player& player) {
    std::cout << "Now pausing...\n";
    player.setState(std::make_unique<Paused>());
}

void Paused::handle(Player& player) {
    std::cout << "Now resuming play...\n";
    player.setState(std::make_unique<Playing>());
}

// 使用
void testState() {
    Player player(std::make_unique<Paused>());
    player.printState();
    player.request(); // 切换状态
    player.printState();
    player.request(); // 切换回去
    player.printState();
}
//输出：
Current State: Paused
Now resuming play...
Current State: Playing
Now pausing...
Current State: Paused