
写作框架:
graph LR
a[书信正文]-->b[第一段]
a-->c[第二段]
a-->d[第三段]
b-->e[私人信件]
b-->f[公务信函]
e-->g[问候致意]
e-->h[表明目的]
g-->i1[去信]
g-->i2[回信]
f-->j1[问候致意]-->j2[自我介绍]-->j3[表明目的]
c-->k1[首先]-->k1'[句子1]
c-->k2[其次]-->k2'[句子2]
c-->k3[最后]-->k3'[句子3]
d-->d1[表感谢]
d-->d2[盼回复/见面]
d-->d3[送祝福]
d-->d4[提要求]
d-->d5[表希望]
d-->d6[致歉意]
k1'-->l[妙句19选3至4]
k2'-->l[妙句19选3至4]
k3'-->l[妙句19选3至4]去信
回信
表明目的 The purpose of this letter/email is to...
I hope this letter/email finds you well. I, an ordinary consumer/ a senior student(个人名义)/on behalf of ……(集体/机构名义), am writing this letter/email to ……
主语 + 谓语 + ……
时态 四种时间:过去将来,过去,现在,将来 四种状态:一般,进行,完成,完成进行
一般 | 进行 | 完成 | 完成进行 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
过去将来 | would do<br/>was/were going to do | - | - | - |
过去 | did | was/were doing | had done | had been doing |
现在 | do/dose | am/is/are doing | have/has done | have/has been doing |
将来 | will do<br/>am/is/are going to do | will be doing | will have done | will have been doing |
情态 情态动词 + do
语态 主动语态:主语是谓语动词的发出者—— I eat an apple 被动语态:主语是谓语动词的承受者—— An apple is eaten
被动语态:be + done(过去分词)
在被动语态中,时态通过be动词表现,如:
否定 助动词 + not表否定:
be动词、情态动词、完成时态中的have/has/had 直接加not变否定:
强调 助动词 + 动词原型:do/does/did do
冠词、数词、名词所有格……
介词后通常接名词、代词(宾格)、动名词(doing)来构成介词短语。
介词短语又叫介宾短语,后接的成分作宾语。
用来解释说明名词,放在名词后
用来补充说明句子
非谓语动词有三种:doing/to do/done
非谓语动词作定语时修饰名词;做状语时修饰动词/句子。
Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America, disclosed on June 17th, overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.(2007, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4)
meanwhile: adv.与此同时 theft: n.盗窃,偷 credit-card: 信用卡 account: n.账户 disclose: v.披露,公开 overshadow: v.使大丢脸面,使扫兴;使蒙上阴影 put sb. on notice: 警告某人,警示某人 corporate: n.公司 regulator: n.监管机构,监管者 regulate: v.规定,监管,管理;调节,校准 regulation: n.管理,规则;校准 adequate: adj.充分的,足够的;适当的 adequately: adv.充分地,足够地;适当地
分裂结构 Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America, ==disclosed on June 17th==, overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.
这里有一处插入式分裂结构,去掉该部分还原句子:
Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.
根据引导词断开句子:
找谓语动词,是否还能继续断开:
四句话,四个谓语动词,已经不需要继续断开了;
去拓展:形容词、副词、介词短语、同位语、插入语、非谓语动词(作定语、状语)、冠词…… 找核心:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、补语。
graph TB
a[主语]
b[谓语]
c[宾语]graph TB
a[主语]
b[谓语]
c[宾语]
d[宾语补足语]graph TB
a[主语]
b[谓语]graph TB
a[主语]
b[谓语]
c[宾语]