【HarmonyOS Next】鸿蒙应用弹框和提示气泡详解（一）

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GeorgeGcs

发布于 2025-03-20 14:47:08

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文章被收录于专栏：HarmonyOS知识集合HarmonyOS知识集合

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【HarmonyOS Next】鸿蒙应用弹框和提示气泡详解（一）

一、前言

在应用开发中，弹框Dialog和提示气泡Toast使用频繁，移动开发同学较为熟悉。但在鸿蒙响应式布局里，早期的弹框Dialog和提示气泡Toast因与UI紧密绑定，在纯逻辑类文件中无法使用。

后来API迭代对其升级，如今可在纯逻辑类中使用，实现与UI解耦。

迭代优化过程

从page界面UI上弹出 => 挂靠子窗口实现弹出 => UI框架层预留挂靠节点

由此可见，与UI强绑定的实现方式API已不推荐。

二、鸿蒙中的弹框使用

目前鸿蒙HarmonyOS对于弹框、提示气泡及相关延申组件（浮层，Popup，Menu, bindSheet, bindContentCover），都是挂靠到UI框架预留节点进行添加渲染。

1. 弹框的实现

弹框有两种方式：

(1) 系统定制弹框，可直接使用

系统定制弹框依业务复杂度有两种封装方式：

基础弹框（警告弹框，列表弹窗）

@Entry
@Component
struct AlertDialogTextPage {
  build() {
    Column() {
      Button('showAlertDialog')
       .margin(30)
       .onClick(() => {
          this.getUIContext().showAlertDialog(
            {
              title: 'title',
              message: 'text',
              autoCancel: true,
              alignment: DialogAlignment.Center,
              buttons: [{
                value: 'cancel',
                action: () => {
                  console.info('cancel')
                }
              },
                {
                  enabled: true,
                  defaultFocus: true,
                  style: DialogButtonStyle.HIGHLIGHT,
                  value: 'ok',
                  action: () => {
                    console.info('ok')
                  }
                }],
            }
          )
        })
    }
   .width('100%')
   .margin({ top: 5 })
  }
}

带业务性质的PickerDialog弹框

// 日历选择器弹窗示例 (CalendarPickerDialog)
@Entry
@Component
struct PickerDialogTextPage {
  private selectedDate: Date = new Date('2024-04-23')

  build() {
    Column() {
      Button("Show CalendarPicker Dialog")
       .margin(20)
       .onClick(() => {
          console.info("CalendarDialog.show")
          CalendarPickerDialog.show({
            selected: this.selectedDate,
            acceptButtonStyle: {
              fontColor: '#2787d9',
              fontSize: '16fp',
              backgroundColor: '#f7f7f7',
              borderRadius: 10
            },
            cancelButtonStyle: {
              fontColor: Color.Red,
              fontSize: '16fp',
              backgroundColor: '#f7f7f7',
              borderRadius: 10
            },
            onAccept: (date: Date)=>{
              // 当弹出框再次弹出时显示选中的是上一次确定的日期
              this.selectedDate = date
            }
          })
        })
    }.width('100%')
  }
}

(2) 自定义弹框

创建节点对象并添加自定义弹框布局：

@State message: string = "测试文本"
  /**
 * 自定义弹框布局
 * @param params
 */
@Builder
function buildText(params: Params) {
  Column() {
    Text(params.text)
     .fontSize(50)
     .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
     .margin({ bottom: 36 })
    Button('Close')
     .onClick(() => {
        PromptActionClass.closeDialog()
      })
  }.backgroundColor('#FFF0F0F0')
}
  private contentNode: ComponentContent<Object> =
    new ComponentContent(this.ctx, wrapBuilder(buildText), new Params(this.message));

获取PromptAction对象，调用openCustomDialog弹出自定义弹框：

this.getContext().getPromptAction().openCustomDialog(PromptActionClass.contentNode)
        .then(() => {
          console.info('OpenCustomDialog complete.')
        })
        .catch((error: BusinessError) => {
          let message = (error as BusinessError).message;
          let code = (error as BusinessError).code;
          console.error(`OpenCustomDialog args error code is ${code}, message is ${message}`);
        })

修改自定义弹框对齐方式、偏移量等，添加promptAction.BaseDialogOptions：

this.getContext().getPromptAction().openCustomDialog(PromptActionClass.contentNode,{ alignment: DialogAlignment.Top, offset: { dx: 0, dy: 50 } })
        .then(() => {
          console.info('OpenCustomDialog complete.')
        })

2. 气泡的实现

气泡有对齐方式和悬浮态设置，但不能设置字体大小和颜色。自定义字体大小和颜色需用自定义弹框或Popup。

import { promptAction } from '@kit.ArkUI'
import { BusinessError } from '@kit.BasicServicesKit'

/**
 * 气泡示例
 */
@Entry
@Component
struct ToastTextPage {

  build() {
    Column() {
      Button('Show toast').fontSize(20)
       .onClick(() => {
          try {
            this.getUIContext().getPromptAction().showToast({
              message: '测试气泡',
              duration: 2000,
              showMode: promptAction.ToastShowMode.TOP_MOST
            });
          } catch (error) {
            let message = (error as BusinessError).message
            let code = (error as BusinessError).code
            console.error(`showToast args error code is ${code}, message is ${message}`);
          };
        })
    }
   .height('100%')
   .width('100%')
   .justifyContent(FlexAlign.Center)
  }
}

三、源码示例

PromptActionClass.ets

import { BusinessError } from '@kit.BasicServicesKit';
import { ComponentContent, promptAction } from '@kit.ArkUI';
import { PromptAction, UIContext } from '@ohos.arkui.UIContext';

/**
 * 自定义弹框封装
 */
export class PromptActionClass {
  static ctx: UIContext;
  static contentNode: ComponentContent<Object>;
  static options: promptAction.BaseDialogOptions;

  static setContext(context: UIContext) {
    PromptActionClass.ctx = context;
  }

  static setContentNode(node: ComponentContent<Object>) {
    PromptActionClass.contentNode = node;
  }

  static setOptions(options: promptAction.BaseDialogOptions) {
    PromptActionClass.options = options;
  }

  static openDialog() {
    if (PromptActionClass.contentNode!== null) {
      PromptActionClass.ctx.getPromptAction().openCustomDialog(PromptActionClass.contentNode, PromptActionClass.options)
       .then(() => {
          console.info('OpenCustomDialog complete.')
        })
       .catch((error: BusinessError) => {
          let message = (error as BusinessError).message;
          let code = (error as BusinessError).code;
          console.error(`OpenCustomDialog args error code is ${code}, message is ${message}`);
        })
    }
  }

  static closeDialog() {
    if (PromptActionClass.contentNode!== null) {
      PromptActionClass.ctx.getPromptAction().closeCustomDialog(PromptActionClass.contentNode)
       .then(() => {
          console.info('CloseCustomDialog complete.')
        })
       .catch((error: BusinessError) => {
          let message = (error as BusinessError).message;
          let code = (error as BusinessError).code;
          console.error(`CloseCustomDialog args error code is ${code}, message is ${message}`);
        })
    }
  }

  static updateDialog(options: promptAction.BaseDialogOptions) {
    if (PromptActionClass.contentNode!== null) {
      PromptActionClass.ctx.getPromptAction().updateCustomDialog(PromptActionClass.contentNode, options)
       .then(() => {
          console.info('UpdateCustomDialog complete.')
        })
       .catch((error: BusinessError) => {
          let message = (error as BusinessError).message;
          let code = (error as BusinessError).code;
          console.error(`UpdateCustomDialog args error code is ${code}, message is ${message}`);
        })
    }
  }
}


class Params {
  text: string = ""

  constructor(text: string) {
    this.text = text;
  }
}

/**
 * 自定义弹框布局
 * @param params
 */
@Builder
function buildText(params: Params) {
  Column() {
    Text(params.text)
     .fontSize(50)
     .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
     .margin({ bottom: 36 })
    Button('Close')
     .onClick(() => {
        PromptActionClass.closeDialog()
      })
  }.backgroundColor('#FFF0F0F0')
}

/**
 * 首页
 */
@Entry
@Component
struct Index {
  @State message: string = "hello"
  private ctx: UIContext = this.getUIContext();

  private contentNode: ComponentContent<Object> =
    new ComponentContent(this.ctx, wrapBuilder(buildText), new Params(this.message));

  @State handlePopup: boolean = false

  aboutToAppear(): void {
    PromptActionClass.setContext(this.ctx);
    PromptActionClass.setContentNode(this.contentNode);
    PromptActionClass.setOptions({ alignment: DialogAlignment.Top, offset: { dx: 0, dy: 50 } });
  }



  build() {
    Row() {
      Column() {
        /**
         * 显示自定义气泡 更新样式
         */
        Button("open dialog and update options")
         .margin({ top: 50 })
         .onClick(() => {
            PromptActionClass.openDialog()

            setTimeout(() => {
              PromptActionClass.updateDialog({
                alignment: DialogAlignment.Bottom,
                offset: { dx: 0, dy: -50 }
              })
            }, 1500)
          })

        /**
         * 显示自定义气泡 更新内容数据
         */
        Button("open dialog and update content")
         .margin({ top: 50 })
         .onClick(() => {
            PromptActionClass.openDialog()

            setTimeout(() => {
              this.contentNode.update(new Params('update'))
            }, 1500)
          })

        /**
         * 气泡菜单
         */
        Button('PopupOptions')
         .onClick(() => {
            this.handlePopup =!this.handlePopup
          })
         .bindPopup(this.handlePopup, {
            message: 'This is a popup with PopupOptions',
          })

        /**
         * 提示气泡
         */
        Button('show Toast')
         .onClick(() => {
            let promptAction: PromptAction = this.ctx.getPromptAction();
            try {
              promptAction.showToast({
                message: 'Message Info',
                duration: 2000
              });
            } catch (error) {
              let message = (error as BusinessError).message;
              let code = (error as BusinessError).code;
              console.error(`showToast args error code is ${code}, message is ${message}`);
            };
          })

        /**
         * 系统弹框
         */
        Button('show Toast')
         .onClick(() => {
            let promptAction: PromptAction = this.ctx.getPromptAction();
            try {
              promptAction.showToast({
                message: 'Message Info',
                duration: 2000
              });
            } catch (error) {
              let message = (error as BusinessError).message;
              let code = (error as BusinessError).code;
              console.error(`showToast args error code is ${code}, message is ${message}`);
            };
          })
      }
     .width('100%')
     .height('100%')
    }
   .width('100%')
   .height('100%')
  }
}