交付工程师(Delivery Engineer)是在软件开发项目中,负责将软件产品交付给客户并确保其顺利运行的工程师。他们的工作主要涵盖以下几个方面:
一、基本概念与语法
二、高级查询与数据处理
三、性能优化与索引设计
四、安全性与数据完整性
以下是对应每个主题的演示代码:
一、基本概念与语法
创建数据库:
CREATE DATABASE mydatabase;
创建表格:
CREATE TABLE customers (
id INT PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(50),
email VARCHAR(50)
);
选择所有列:
SELECT * FROM customers;
选择特定列:
SELECT name, email FROM customers;
使用聚合函数:
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM customers;
排序数据:
SELECT * FROM customers ORDER BY name ASC;
过滤数据:
SELECT * FROM customers WHERE age > 30;
插入数据:
INSERT INTO customers (name, email) VALUES ('John Doe', 'john@example.com');
更新数据:
UPDATE customers SET email = 'newemail@example.com' WHERE id = 1;
删除数据:
DELETE FROM customers WHERE id = 1;
使用比较运算符:
SELECT * FROM customers WHERE age > 30;
使用逻辑运算符:
SELECT * FROM customers WHERE age > 30 AND city = 'New York';
使用模糊查询:
SELECT * FROM customers WHERE name LIKE 'J%';
内连接:
SELECT * FROM customers INNER JOIN orders ON customers.id = orders.customer_id;
左连接:
SELECT * FROM customers LEFT JOIN orders ON customers.id = orders.customer_id;
右连接:
SELECT * FROM customers RIGHT JOIN orders ON customers.id = orders.customer_id;
二、高级查询与数据处理
标量子查询:
SELECT name, (SELECT AVG(price) FROM orders WHERE orders.customer_id = customers.id) AS avg_price FROM customers;
列子查询:
SELECT name FROM customers WHERE id IN (SELECT customer_id FROM orders WHERE price > 100);
行子查询:
SELECT * FROM customers WHERE (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM orders WHERE orders.customer_id = customers.id) > 5;
UNION:
SELECT name FROM customers WHERE city = 'New York'
UNION
SELECT name FROM customers WHERE city = 'Los Angeles';
UNION ALL:
SELECT name FROM customers WHERE city = 'New York'
UNION ALL
SELECT name FROM customers WHERE city = 'Los Angeles';
INTERSECT:
SELECT name FROM customers WHERE city = 'New York'
INTERSECT
SELECT name FROM customers WHERE city = 'Los Angeles';
EXCEPT:
SELECT name FROM customers WHERE city = 'New York'
EXCEPT
SELECT name FROM customers WHERE city = 'Los Angeles';
使用GROUP BY子句和聚合函数:
SELECT city, AVG(age) FROM customers GROUP BY city;
使用HAVING子句进行筛选:
SELECT city, AVG(age) FROM customers GROUP BY city HAVING AVG(age) > 30;
使用窗口函数:
SELECT name, age, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY age) AS row_number FROM customers;
使用PARTITION BY子句:
SELECT name, age, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY city ORDER BY age) AS row_number FROM customers;
创建存储过程:
CREATE PROCEDURE get_customer(IN customer_id INT)
BEGIN
SELECT * FROM customers WHERE id = customer_id;
END;
调用存储过程:
CALL get_customer(1);
创建函数:
CREATE FUNCTION calculate_total_price(order_id INT) RETURNS DECIMAL(10,2)
BEGIN
DECLARE total DECIMAL(10,2);
SELECT SUM(price) INTO total FROM order_items WHERE order_id = order_id;
RETURN total;
END;
调用函数:
SELECT calculate_total_price(1);
三、性能优化与索引设计
创建B树索引:
CREATE INDEX idx_name ON customers (name);
创建哈希索引:
CREATE INDEX idx_email ON customers USING HASH (email);
使用合适的索引:
SELECT * FROM customers WHERE name = 'John Doe';
避免全表扫描:
SELECT * FROM customers WHERE city = 'New York';
优化查询计划:
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM customers WHERE age > 30;
使用适当的数据库设计:
CREATE TABLE orders (
id INT PRIMARY KEY,
customer_id INT,
order_date DATE,
FOREIGN KEY (customer_id) REFERENCES customers(id)
);
范式化设计:
CREATE TABLE customers (
id INT PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(50),
email VARCHAR(50),
city VARCHAR(50)
);
CREATE TABLE orders (
id INT PRIMARY KEY,
customer_id INT,
order_date DATE,
FOREIGN KEY (customer_id) REFERENCES customers(id)
);
反范式化设计:
CREATE TABLE customers (
id INT PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(50),
email VARCHAR(50),
city VARCHAR(50),
order_count INT,
total_amount DECIMAL(10,2)
);
CREATE TABLE orders (
id INT PRIMARY KEY,
customer_id INT,
order_date DATE,
total_price DECIMAL(10,2),
FOREIGN KEY (customer_id) REFERENCES customers(id)
);
在反范式化设计中,我们将一些重复的数据存储在多个表中,以提高查询性能。例如,在customers表中添加了order_count和total_amount两个列,分别用于存储每个客户的订单数量和订单总金额。这样可以避免在查询时需要进行多表联接,并且可以更快地获取这些统计信息。
使用合适的数据类型:
ALTER TABLE customers MODIFY COLUMN age TINYINT;
优化查询语句:
SELECT * FROM customers WHERE city = 'New York' ORDER BY name;
增加缓存和缓冲区大小:
SET GLOBAL query_cache_size = 1000000;
SET GLOBAL innodb_buffer_pool_size = 536870912;
监控数据库性能:
SHOW GLOBAL STATUS LIKE 'Com_select';
SHOW GLOBAL STATUS LIKE 'Innodb_buffer_pool_reads';
SHOW GLOBAL STATUS LIKE 'Innodb_buffer_pool_read_requests';
使用mysqldump命令进行备份:
mysqldump -u username -p database_name > backup.sql
使用mysql命令进行恢复:
mysql -u username -p database_name < backup.sql
使用物理备份工具进行备份:
innobackupex --user=username --password=password /path/to/backup/directory
使用物理备份工具进行恢复:
innobackupex --apply-log /path/to/backup/directory
cp -R /path/to/backup/directory /var/lib/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql
service mysql start