导读
本文整理了pytorch实现断电继续训练时需要注意的要点,附有代码详解。
最近在尝试用CIFAR10训练分类问题的时候,由于数据集体量比较大,训练的过程中时间比较长,有时候想给停下来,但是停下来了之后就得重新训练,之前师兄让我们学习断点继续训练及继续训练的时候注意epoch的改变等,今天上午给大致整理了一下,不全面仅供参考
Epoch: 9 | train loss: 0.3517 | test accuracy: 0.7184 | train time: 14215.1018 s
Epoch: 9 | train loss: 0.2471 | test accuracy: 0.7252 | train time: 14309.1216 s
Epoch: 9 | train loss: 0.4335 | test accuracy: 0.7201 | train time: 14403.2398 s
Epoch: 9 | train loss: 0.2186 | test accuracy: 0.7242 | train time: 14497.1921 s
Epoch: 9 | train loss: 0.2127 | test accuracy: 0.7196 | train time: 14591.4974 s
Epoch: 9 | train loss: 0.1624 | test accuracy: 0.7142 | train time: 14685.7034 s
Epoch: 9 | train loss: 0.1795 | test accuracy: 0.7170 | train time: 14780.2831 s
绝望!!!!!训练到了一定次数发现训练次数少了,或者中途断了又得重新开始训练
PyTorch中的保存(序列化,从内存到硬盘)与反序列化(加载,从硬盘到内存)
torch.save主要参数:obj:对象 、f:输出路径
torch.load 主要参数 :f:文件路径 、map_location:指定存放位置、 cpu or gpu
模型的保存的两种方法:
torch.save(net, path)
state_dict = net.state_dict()
torch.save(state_dict , path)
checkpoint = {
"net": model.state_dict(),
'optimizer':optimizer.state_dict(),
"epoch": epoch
}
将网络训练过程中的网络的权重,优化器的权重保存,以及epoch 保存,便于继续训练恢复
在训练过程中,可以根据自己的需要,每多少代,或者多少epoch保存一次网络参数,便于恢复,提高程序的鲁棒性。
checkpoint = {
"net": model.state_dict(),
'optimizer':optimizer.state_dict(),
"epoch": epoch
}
if not os.path.isdir("./models/checkpoint"):
os.mkdir("./models/checkpoint")
torch.save(checkpoint, './models/checkpoint/ckpt_best_%s.pth' %(str(epoch)))
通过上述的过程可以在训练过程自动在指定位置创建文件夹,并保存断点文件
if RESUME:
path_checkpoint = "./models/checkpoint/ckpt_best_1.pth" # 断点路径
checkpoint = torch.load(path_checkpoint) # 加载断点
model.load_state_dict(checkpoint['net']) # 加载模型可学习参数
optimizer.load_state_dict(checkpoint['optimizer']) # 加载优化器参数
start_epoch = checkpoint['epoch'] # 设置开始的epoch
指出这里的是否继续训练,及训练的checkpoint的文件位置等可以通过argparse从命令行直接读取,也可以通过log文件直接加载,也可以自己在代码中进行修改。关于argparse参照我的这一篇文章:
HUST小菜鸡:argparse 命令行选项、参数和子命令解析器
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/133285373
start_epoch = -1
if RESUME:
path_checkpoint = "./models/checkpoint/ckpt_best_1.pth" # 断点路径
checkpoint = torch.load(path_checkpoint) # 加载断点
model.load_state_dict(checkpoint['net']) # 加载模型可学习参数
optimizer.load_state_dict(checkpoint['optimizer']) # 加载优化器参数
start_epoch = checkpoint['epoch'] # 设置开始的epoch
for epoch in range(start_epoch + 1 ,EPOCH):
# print('EPOCH:',epoch)
for step, (b_img,b_label) in enumerate(train_loader):
train_output = model(b_img)
loss = loss_func(train_output,b_label)
# losses.append(loss)
optimizer.zero_grad()
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()
通过定义start_epoch变量来保证继续训练的时候epoch不会变化
断点继续训练
import torch
import random
import numpy as np
def set_random_seed(seed = 10,deterministic=False,benchmark=False):
random.seed(seed)
np.random(seed)
torch.manual_seed(seed)
torch.cuda.manual_seed_all(seed)
if deterministic:
torch.backends.cudnn.deterministic = True
if benchmark:
torch.backends.cudnn.benchmark = True
关于torch.backends.cudnn.deterministic和torch.backends.cudnn.benchmark详见
Pytorch学习0.01:cudnn.benchmark= True的设置
https://www.cnblogs.com/captain-dl/p/11938864.html
pytorch---之cudnn.benchmark和cudnn.deterministic_人工智能_zxyhhjs2017的博客
https://blog.csdn.net/zxyhhjs2017/article/details/91348108
benchmark用在输入尺寸一致,可以加速训练,deterministic用来固定内部随机性
在简单的任务中,我们使用固定步长(也就是学习率LR)进行训练,但是如果学习率lr设置的过小的话,则会导致很难收敛,如果学习率很大的时候,就会导致在最小值附近,总会错过最小值,loss产生震荡,无法收敛。所以这要求我们要对于不同的训练阶段使用不同的学习率,一方面可以加快训练的过程,另一方面可以加快网络收敛。
采用多步长 torch.optim.lr_scheduler的多种步长设置方式来实现步长的控制,lr_scheduler的各种使用推荐参考如下教程:
【转载】 Pytorch中的学习率调整lr_scheduler,ReduceLROnPlateau
https://www.cnblogs.com/devilmaycry812839668/p/10630302.html
所以我们在保存网络中的训练的参数的过程中,还需要保存lr_scheduler的state_dict,然后断点继续训练的时候恢复
#这里我设置了不同的epoch对应不同的学习率衰减,在10->20->30,学习率依次衰减为原来的0.1,即一个数量级
lr_schedule = torch.optim.lr_scheduler.MultiStepLR(optimizer,milestones=[10,20,30,40,50],gamma=0.1)
optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(model.parameters(),lr=0.1)
for epoch in range(start_epoch+1,80):
optimizer.zero_grad()
optimizer.step()
lr_schedule.step()
if epoch %10 ==0:
print('epoch:',epoch)
print('learning rate:',optimizer.state_dict()['param_groups'][0]['lr'])
lr的变化过程如下:
epoch: 10
learning rate: 0.1
epoch: 20
learning rate: 0.010000000000000002
epoch: 30
learning rate: 0.0010000000000000002
epoch: 40
learning rate: 0.00010000000000000003
epoch: 50
learning rate: 1.0000000000000004e-05
epoch: 60
learning rate: 1.0000000000000004e-06
epoch: 70
learning rate: 1.0000000000000004e-06
我们在保存的时候,也需要对lr_scheduler的state_dict进行保存,断点继续训练的时候也需要恢复lr_scheduler
#加载恢复
if RESUME:
path_checkpoint = "./model_parameter/test/ckpt_best_50.pth" # 断点路径
checkpoint = torch.load(path_checkpoint) # 加载断点
model.load_state_dict(checkpoint['net']) # 加载模型可学习参数
optimizer.load_state_dict(checkpoint['optimizer']) # 加载优化器参数
start_epoch = checkpoint['epoch'] # 设置开始的epoch
lr_schedule.load_state_dict(checkpoint['lr_schedule'])#加载lr_scheduler
#保存
for epoch in range(start_epoch+1,80):
optimizer.zero_grad()
optimizer.step()
lr_schedule.step()
if epoch %10 ==0:
print('epoch:',epoch)
print('learning rate:',optimizer.state_dict()['param_groups'][0]['lr'])
checkpoint = {
"net": model.state_dict(),
'optimizer': optimizer.state_dict(),
"epoch": epoch,
'lr_schedule': lr_schedule.state_dict()
}
if not os.path.isdir("./model_parameter/test"):
os.mkdir("./model_parameter/test")
torch.save(checkpoint, './model_parameter/test/ckpt_best_%s.pth' % (str(epoch)))
每一个epoch中的每个step会有不同的结果,可以保存每一代最好的结果,用于后续的训练
RESUME = True
EPOCH = 40
LR = 0.0005
model = cifar10_cnn.CIFAR10_CNN()
print(model)
optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(model.parameters(),lr=LR)
loss_func = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
start_epoch = -1
if RESUME:
path_checkpoint = "./models/checkpoint/ckpt_best_1.pth" # 断点路径
checkpoint = torch.load(path_checkpoint) # 加载断点
model.load_state_dict(checkpoint['net']) # 加载模型可学习参数
optimizer.load_state_dict(checkpoint['optimizer']) # 加载优化器参数
start_epoch = checkpoint['epoch'] # 设置开始的epoch
for epoch in range(start_epoch + 1 ,EPOCH):
# print('EPOCH:',epoch)
for step, (b_img,b_label) in enumerate(train_loader):
train_output = model(b_img)
loss = loss_func(train_output,b_label)
# losses.append(loss)
optimizer.zero_grad()
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()
if step % 100 == 0:
now = time.time()
print('EPOCH:',epoch,'| step :',step,'| loss :',loss.data.numpy(),'| train time: %.4f'%(now-start_time))
checkpoint = {
"net": model.state_dict(),
'optimizer':optimizer.state_dict(),
"epoch": epoch
}
if not os.path.isdir("./models/checkpoint"):
os.mkdir("./models/checkpoint")
torch.save(checkpoint, './models/checkpoint/ckpt_best_%s.pth' %(str(epoch)))
optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(model.parameters(),lr=0.1)
lr_schedule = torch.optim.lr_scheduler.MultiStepLR(optimizer,milestones=[10,20,30,40,50],gamma=0.1)
start_epoch = 9
# print(schedule)
if RESUME:
path_checkpoint = "./model_parameter/test/ckpt_best_50.pth" # 断点路径
checkpoint = torch.load(path_checkpoint) # 加载断点
model.load_state_dict(checkpoint['net']) # 加载模型可学习参数
optimizer.load_state_dict(checkpoint['optimizer']) # 加载优化器参数
start_epoch = checkpoint['epoch'] # 设置开始的epoch
lr_schedule.load_state_dict(checkpoint['lr_schedule'])
for epoch in range(start_epoch+1,80):
optimizer.zero_grad()
optimizer.step()
lr_schedule.step()
if epoch %10 ==0:
print('epoch:',epoch)
print('learning rate:',optimizer.state_dict()['param_groups'][0]['lr'])
checkpoint = {
"net": model.state_dict(),
'optimizer': optimizer.state_dict(),
"epoch": epoch,
'lr_schedule': lr_schedule.state_dict()
}
if not os.path.isdir("./model_parameter/test"):
os.mkdir("./model_parameter/test")
torch.save(checkpoint, './model_parameter/test/ckpt_best_%s.pth' % (str(epoch)))