go语言中struct用法

gopackage main

import "fmt"

// 定义一个 Person 结构体
type Person struct {
    Name string
    Age  int
    City string
}

func main() {
    // 创建一个 Person 实例
    person := Person{
        Name: "Alice",
        Age:  28,
        City: "Shanghai",
    }

    // 访问结构体的字段
    fmt.Println(person.Name) // 输出: Alice
    fmt.Println(person.Age)  // 输出: 28
    fmt.Println(person.City) // 输出: Shanghai
}

gopackage main

import "fmt"

type Person struct {
    Name string
    Age  int
    City string
}

func main() {
    // 使用字段名初始化
    person := Person{
        Name: "Bob",
        Age:  25,
    }

    fmt.Println(person.Name) // 输出: Bob
    fmt.Println(person.Age)  // 输出: 25
    // City 将被初始化为其类型的零值，对于字符串类型是 ""
    fmt.Println(person.City) // 输出: (空字符串)
}

gopackage main

import "fmt"

type Person struct {
    Name string
    Age  int
}

type Employee struct {
    Person  // 嵌入 Person 结构体
    JobTitle string
}

func main() {
    emp := Employee{
        Person: Person{
            Name: "Carol",
            Age:  35,
        },
        JobTitle: "Engineer",
    }

    fmt.Println(emp.Name)     // 输出: Carol
    fmt.Println(emp.Age)      // 输出: 35
    fmt.Println(emp.JobTitle) // 输出: Engineer
}

gopackage main

import "fmt"

type Person struct {
    Name string
    Age  int
}

// 为 Person 类型定义一个方法
func (p Person) Introduce() string {
    return "Hello, my name is " + p.Name + " and I am " + fmt.Sprint(p.Age) + " years old."
}

func main() {
    person := Person{
        Name: "Dave",
        Age:  40,
    }

    fmt.Println(person.Introduce()) // 输出: Hello, my name is Dave and I am 40 years old.
}

gopackage main

import "fmt"

type Person struct {
    Name string
    Age  int
}

// 使用指针作为接收者
func (p *Person)庆生() {
    p.Age++ // 增加 Age 字段的值
}

func main() {
    person := Person{
        Name: "Eve",
        Age:  30,
    }

    fmt.Println(person.Age) // 输出: 30
    person.庆生()          // 调用方法增加年龄
    fmt.Println(person.Age) // 输出: 31
}

gopackage main

import "fmt"

type Person struct {
    Name string
    Age  int
}

type Student struct {
    Person // 匿名字段
    Grade  string
}

func main() {
    student := Student{
        Person: Person{
            Name: "Frank",
            Age:  20,
        },
        Grade: "A",
    }

    fmt.Println(student.Name) // 输出: Frank
    fmt.Println(student.Age)  // 输出: 20
    fmt.Println(student.Grade) // 输出: A
}