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单实例Primary快速搭建Standby RAC参考手册(19.16 ADG)

Alfred Zhao

发布于 2023-03-06 08:14:52

39700

代码可运行

文章被收录于专栏：从ORACLE起航，领略精彩的IT技术。从ORACLE起航，领略精彩的IT技术。

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代码可运行

环境：Single Instance -> RAC

Single Instance:

db_name=demo
db_unique_name=demo
instance_name=demo
service_names=demo

RAC（2 nodes）:

db_name=demo
db_unique_name=demorac
instance_name=jydb1、jydb2
service_names=demorac

上述为这里我做为演示环境的基本规划。

本文作为step by step的快速指导手册，方便快速部署此类ADG环境。

依据之前的文章

模拟生产搭建Standby RAC实验环境(11.2.0.4 DG)

历史文章步骤已经很全且描述的很细致，本篇复用之前的章节风格，尽可能简洁化，方便熟练后直接引用。

关于前两部分：这里默认准备就绪：

Single Instance作为初始的primary端，已经安装好19.16的软件和数据库
RAC作为初始的standby端，已经安装好19.16的软件

对于后面的章节，列举如下：

3.主库配置

3.1 数据库归档模式

sqlplus / as sysdba
startup mount
alter database archivelog;
alter database open;

3.2 Force Logging

alter database force logging;
select FORCE_LOGGING FROM V$DATABASE;

3.3 主库参数文件修改

使用下面语句查询现在DG相关参数的设置情况：

set linesize 500
col value for a70
col name for a50
 
select name, value
from v$parameter
where name in ('db_name','db_unique_name','log_archive_config', 'log_archive_dest_1','log_archive_dest_2',
               'log_archive_dest_state_1','log_archive_dest_state_2', 'remote_login_passwordfile',
               'log_archive_format','log_archive_max_processes','fal_server','db_file_name_convert',
                     'log_file_name_convert', 'standby_file_management');

修改参数值：

alter system set log_archive_config= 'DG_CONFIG=(demo,demorac)';
alter system set log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=demo';
alter system set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=demorac VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=demorac';
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_1=enable;
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=enable;
alter system set FAL_SERVER='demorac';
alter system set db_file_name_convert='+DATADG/demorac','/flash/oradata/DEMO' scope=spfile;
alter system set log_file_name_convert='+DATADG/demorac','/flash/oradata/DEMO','+ARCHDG/DEMORAC','/flash/fast_recovery_area/DEMO' scope=spfile;
alter system set standby_file_management=AUTO;

3.4 创建SRLs

select member from v$logfile;

alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 11 '/flash/oradata/DEMO/standby_group_11.log' size 209715200;
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 12 '/flash/oradata/DEMO/standby_group_12.log' size 209715200;
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 13 '/flash/oradata/DEMO/standby_group_13.log' size 209715200;
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 14 '/flash/oradata/DEMO/standby_group_14.log' size 209715200;

alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 21 '/flash/oradata/DEMO/standby_group_21.log' size 209715200;
alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 22 '/flash/oradata/DEMO/standby_group_22.log' size 209715200;
alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 23 '/flash/oradata/DEMO/standby_group_23.log' size 209715200;
alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 24 '/flash/oradata/DEMO/standby_group_24.log' size 209715200;

select * from v$standby_log;

3.5 备份数据库

采用duplicate方式创建备库，无需手工备份数据库。

3.6 创建备库参数文件

create pfile='pfile_for_standby.txt' from spfile;

默认存在$ORACLE_HOME/dbs目录下。

3.7 更新tnsnames.ora文件

DEMO =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.4)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = demo)
    )
  )

LISTENER_DEMO =
  (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.4)(PORT = 1521))

DEMORAC =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.15)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = demorac)
    )
  )

DEMORAC1 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.13)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = demorac)
      (SID = jydb1)
    )
  )

DEMORAC2 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.14)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = demorac)
      (SID = jydb2)
    )
  )

LISTENER_DEMORAC1 =
  (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.13)(PORT = 1521))

LISTENER_DEMORAC2 =
  (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.14)(PORT = 1521))

这里需要注意service_name，sid的配置符合部署环境要求，然后同步该文件到备库：

[oracle@bogon admin]$ scp tnsnames.ora 192.168.1.11:/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/network/admin
[oracle@bogon admin]$ scp tnsnames.ora 192.168.1.12:/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/network/admin

4.备库配置

4.1 拷贝主库参数文件

拷贝主库参数文件到备库所有节点：

[oracle@bogon dbs]$ scp pfile_for_standby.txt 192.168.1.11:/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/dbs
[oracle@bogon dbs]$ scp pfile_for_standby.txt 192.168.1.12:/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/dbs

4.2 拷贝密码文件

拷贝主库密码文件到备库所有节点：

[oracle@bogon dbs]$ scp orapwdemo 192.168.1.11:/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/dbs/orapwjydb1
[oracle@bogon dbs]$ scp orapwdemo 192.168.1.12:/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/dbs/orapwjydb2

注意:

密码文件的命名方式orapw<sid>;
如果主库也是RAC，那需要pwcopy命令从ASM磁盘组中拷贝到文件系统上，这里主库是单实例，不需要。

4.3 创建备库需要的目录

# Using Oracle User, On all nodes:
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/demorac/adump

4.4 修改备库参数文件

*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/demorac/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='19.0.0'
*.control_files='+DATADG'
#*.control_files='+DATADG/DEMORAC/CONTROLFILE/current.256.1127325539'#Restore Controlfile
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_file_name_convert='/flash/oradata/DEMO','+DATADG/DEMORAC'
*.db_name='demo'
*.db_unique_name='demorac'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='+ARCHDG'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=15360m
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=demoracXDB)'
*.enable_pluggable_database=true
*.fal_server='demo'
jydb1.local_listener='LISTENER_DEMORAC1'
jydb2.local_listener='LISTENER_DEMORAC2'
*.remote_listener='db01rac-scan:1521'
*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(demo,demorac)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=demorac'
*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=demo VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=demo'
*.log_archive_dest_state_1='ENABLE'
*.log_archive_dest_state_2='ENABLE'
*.log_file_name_convert='/flash/oradata/DEMO','+DATADG/DEMORAC','/flash/fast_recovery_area/DEMO','+ARCHDG/DEMORAC'
*.nls_language='AMERICAN'
*.nls_territory='AMERICA'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=2048m
*.processes=2560
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=4096m
*.standby_file_management='AUTO'
*.cluster_database=TRUE
jydb1.instance_number=1
jydb2.instance_number=2
jydb1.thread=1
jydb2.thread=2
jydb1.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
jydb2.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS2'

注意：这里添加了新的参数，比如：cluster_database、db_unique_name、remote_listener、jydb1.、jydb2. 等参数，另外按照ADG要求修改之前相关配置，检查确认符合要求即可。

4.5 拷贝tnsnames.ora文件

在3.7步骤中已同步完成，检查已同步成功即可。

4.6 创建ASM相关目录

ASMCMD> mkdir +datadg/DEMORAC
ASMCMD> cd +datadg/DEMORAC
ASMCMD> mkdir PDBSEED PDB1 PDB2

注意：这里测试过，如果不创建这些子目录在duplicate时会报错对应的目录条目不存在。

5.备库恢复数据库

5.1 使用启动实例到nomount状态

sqlplus / as sysdba
startup nomount pfile=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/pfile_for_standby.txt

5.2 初始化standby数据库

使用duplicate命令创建standby数据库，需要临时配置静态监听。

静态监听配置：

[grid@db01rac1 admin]$ pwd
/u01/app/19.3.0/grid/network/admin
[grid@db01rac1 admin]$ vi listener.ora  尾部增加内容：

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = demorac)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1)
      (SID_NAME = jydb1)
    )
  )

[grid@db01rac1 admin]$ lsnrctl reload
[oracle@db01rac1 ~]$ sqlplus sys/oracle@demorac1 as sysdba

使用duplicate命令创建standby数据库:

vi dup.sh 

rman target sys/oracle@demo auxiliary sys/oracle@demorac1 <<EOF
DUPLICATE TARGET DATABASE FOR STANDBY from active database NOFILENAMECHECK;
EOF

[oracle@db01rac1 ~]$ nohup sh dup.sh &
[oracle@db01rac1 ~]$ tail -200f nohup.out

5.3 确认已创建ORLs和SRLs

# 添加RAC实例2的ORLs：
# SQL> recover managed standby database cancel;
alter system set standby_file_management=manual;

alter database add logfile thread 2 group 4 '+DATADG' size 209715200;
alter database add logfile thread 2 group 5 '+DATADG' size 209715200;
alter database add logfile thread 2 group 6 '+DATADG' size 209715200;

# recover managed standby database disconnect;
alter system set standby_file_management=auto;

SELECT MEMBER FROM V$LOGFILE;

# SRLs确认，可以选择删除重建符合要求的。

5.4 确认备库tnsnames.ora

之前已从主库同步过该配置文件。

5.5 启动MRP

RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE DISCONNECT;

为了更直观的确保实时同步，可创建一个测试表（选做）

# 创建测试表，验证ADG同步状态；
create table test (id number);
insert into test values(1);
commit;

select * from test;

5.6 创建spfile然后使用spfile启动数据库

指定RAC各个节点的参数文件init.ora，内容统一指向ASM磁盘组中的路径：

create spfile='+datadg' from pfile='$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/pfile_for_standby.txt';

[oracle@db01rac1 dbs]$ cat initjydb1.ora
spfile='+DATADG/DEMORAC/PARAMETERFILE/spfile.286.1127387689'

[oracle@db01rac2 dbs]$ cat initjydb2.ora
spfile='+DATADG/DEMORAC/PARAMETERFILE/spfile.286.1127387689'

在数据库启动时也可以在alert日志中确认使用了正确的参数文件。

6.检查同步状态

可以在备库根据下面的SQL查询相关的信息：

col name for a22
col value for a22
col SOURCE_DB_UNIQUE_NAME for a10
set lines 180
select * from v$dataguard_stats;

同步状态的结果类似如下：

SOURCE_DBID SOURCE_DB_ NAME		      VALUE		     UNIT			    TIME_COMPUTED		   DATUM_TIME			      CON_ID
----------- ---------- ---------------------- ---------------------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------
	  0	       transport lag	      +00 00:00:00	     day(2) to second(0) interval   01/29/2023 17:48:12 	   01/29/2023 17:48:12			   0
	  0	       apply lag	      +00 00:00:00	     day(2) to second(0) interval   01/29/2023 17:48:12 	   01/29/2023 17:48:12			   0
	  0	       apply finish time      +00 00:00:00.000	     day(2) to second(3) interval   01/29/2023 17:48:12 						   0
	  0	       estimated startup time 11		     second			    01/29/2023 17:48:12 						   0

其他常用查询语句：

select * from v$archive_gap;
select process, client_process, sequence#, status from v$managed_standby;
select sequence#, first_time, next_time, applied from v$archived_log;
select archived_thread#, archived_seq#, applied_thread#, applied_seq# from v$archive_dest_status;
select thread#, max (sequence#) from v$log_history group by thread#;
select thread#, max (sequence#) from v$archived_log where APPLIED='YES' group by thread#;

7.添加资源

最后我们需要把Standby RAC的数据库和实例都添加到OCR中，使他们能够方便被CRS所管理：

--oracle user:
crsctl stat res -t

srvctl add database -db demorac -dbname demo -oraclehome /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1 -dbtype RAC -spfile +DATADG/DEMORAC/PARAMETERFILE/spfile.286.1127387689 -role physical_standby -diskgroup DATADG,ARCHDG
srvctl add instance -db demorac -instance jydb1 -node db01rac1
srvctl add instance -db demorac -instance jydb2 -node db01rac2
srvctl start database -db demorac

添加完成后，crsctl stat res -t 显示的资源可以看到我们的备库信息：

ora.demorac.db
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       db01rac1                 Open,Readonly,HOME=/
                                                             u01/app/oracle/produ
                                                             ct/19.3.0/db_1,STABL
                                                             E
      2        ONLINE  ONLINE       db01rac2                 Open,Readonly,HOME=/
                                                             u01/app/oracle/produ
                                                             ct/19.3.0/db_1,STABL
                                                             E