Rust编译过程讲解与环境准备

# 保存编译过程中的临时文件

$ clang -save-temps hello.c 

# 打印编译阶段

$ clang -ccc-print-phases hello.c

            +- 0: input, "hello.c", c -----------> hello.c >

         +- 1: preprocessor, {0}, cpp-output ----> hello.i

      +- 2: compiler, {1}, ir -------------------> hello.bc

   +- 3: backend, {2}, assembler ----------------> hello.s

+- 4: assembler, {3}, object --------------------> hello.o

5: linker, {4}, image ---------------------------> a.exe

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

    printf("Hello World!\n");

    return 0;

}

# 等价的gcc指令：gcc -E hello.c -o hello.i

$clang -E -c hello.c -o hello.i

# 查看.i文件内容

$cat hello.i

  \_\_attribute\_\_((\_\_format\_\_ (scanf, 2, 0))) \_\_attribute\_\_ ((\_\_nonnull\_\_ (2)))

...

# 1650 "D:/usr/msys2/clang64/include/stdio.h" 2 3

# 2 "hello.c" 2

int main() {

    printf("Hello World!\n");

    return 0;

}

clang -emit-llvm hello.i -c -o hello.bc # 导出二进制的LLVM IR

clang -emit-llvm hello.c -S -o hello.ll # 导出文本类型的LLVM IR

# 等价的gcc指令：gcc -S hello.i -o hello.s

$llc hello.ll -o hello.s

$ cat hello.s

        .text

        .def    @feat.00;

        .scl    3;

        .type   0;

        .endef

        .globl  @feat.00

.set @feat.00, 0

        .file   "hello.c"

        .def    main;

        .scl    2;

        .type   32;

        .endef

        .globl  main                            # -- Begin function main

        .p2align        4, 0x90

main:                                   # @main

.seh\_proc main

# %bb.0:

        pushq   %rbp

        .seh\_pushreg %rbp

        subq    $48, %rsp

        .seh\_stackalloc 48

        leaq    48(%rsp), %rbp

        .seh\_setframe %rbp, 48

        .seh\_endprologue

        callq   \_\_main

        movl    $0, -4(%rbp)

        leaq    .L.str(%rip), %rcx

        callq   printf

        xorl    %eax, %eax

        addq    $48, %rsp

        popq    %rbp

        retq

        .seh\_endproc

                                        # -- End function

        .section        .rdata,"dr"

.L.str:                                 # @.str

        .asciz  "Hello\302\240World!\n"

#等价的gcc指令：gcc -c add.s -o add.o

clang -fmodules -c hello.s -o hello.o

clang hello.o -o hello

# 查看rustup版本

rustup -V

# 查看工具链

rustup show

# 查看cargo版本

cargo -V

# 查看编译器版本

rustc -V

// hello.rs

fn main() {

    println!("Hello, world!");

}

$ rustc hello.rs

$ .\hello.exe # on Windows

$ cargo new hello\_world

$ cd hello\_world

$ tree .

.

├── Cargo.toml

└── src

    └── main.rs



1 directory, 2 files