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社区首页 >专栏 >生信星球--生信学习DAY2:适应Linux

生信星球--生信学习DAY2:适应Linux

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用户10920326
修改2024-01-19 20:59:08
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修改2024-01-19 20:59:08

1.什么是linux,什么是服务器?

linux与windows、mac同属于操作系统。

应用场景

supercomputer(服务器),优点在于支持多用户同时使用,且互不干扰。

权限控制

多用户的权限控制

命令行模式

linux的操作靠命令行来实现

目录结构

文件系统呈树状,宿主目录放在home目录下

2.为什么学生信要用linux?

生物软件基于linux,系统开源、免费,不需要图形界面,有效节约资源.

3.怎样召唤linux--阿里云服务器

1 单纯linux 2 Windows10上的linux 3 Windows7 上的linux 4 Mac上的linux 5 本地服务器上的linux 6 云服务器上的linux

相较于windows,mac在此方面有天然优势。

4.怎样登录服务器--xshell和terminal

恰好手头有台macbookmacbook,terminal启动!

5.linux有哪些最基本的操作?

pwd: print working directory,也就是显示当前路径

mkdir :make directory-- 创建你的空目录

ls 显示列表,不管是目录还是文件,都能显示

1 删除文件--rm

2 删除空目录--rmdir

3 删除非空目录--rm -r

cd接一个目录名,表示进入该目录

vi 新建脚本或者文本文档

cat接文本文件的名字,查看并直接将文本文件的内容输出到屏幕

head/tail 输出内容

例如:head -n 3 hello_world.txt

cp file1 file2 复制

mv 将文件移入文件夹,或者重命名

代码语言:shell
复制
bio09@ecm-cefa:~$ pwd
/home/bio09
bio09@ecm-cefa:~$ mkdir lidahuang #李大黄的文件夹
bio09@ecm-cefa:~$ ls
lidahuang
bio09@ecm-cefa:~$ mkdir test #测试文件夹
bio09@ecm-cefa:~$ ls
lidahuang  test
bio09@ecm-cefa:~$ rm test
rm: cannot remove 'test': Is a directory
bio09@ecm-cefa:~$ rmdir test
bio09@ecm-cefa:~$ ls
lidahuang
bio09@ecm-cefa:~$ rm-rf
rm-rf: command not found
bio09@ecm-cefa:~$ rm-rf/
-bash: rm-rf/: No such file or directory
bio09@ecm-cefa:~$ cd lidahuang
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ mkdir test
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ vi test2.txt
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ cd tset
-bash: cd: tset: No such file or directory
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ cd test
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test$ cd-

Command 'cd-' not found, did you mean:

  command 'cdw' from deb cdw
  command 'cdo' from deb cdo
  command 'cdi' from deb cdo
  command 'cdp' from deb irpas
  command 'cd5' from deb cd5
  command 'cdb' from deb tinycdb
  command 'cdv' from deb codeville
  command 'cde' from deb cde

Try: apt install <deb name>

bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test$ cd -
/home/bio09/lidahuang
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ cd
bio09@ecm-cefa:~$ rm test2
rm: cannot remove 'test2': No such file or directory
bio09@ecm-cefa:~$ rm test2.txt
rm: cannot remove 'test2.txt': No such file or directory
bio09@ecm-cefa:~$ cd test
-bash: cd: test: No such file or directory
bio09@ecm-cefa:~$ cd lidahuang
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ cd test
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test$ rm test2
rm: cannot remove 'test2': No such file or directory
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test$ cd test2
-bash: cd: test2: No such file or directory
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test$ rm test2.txt
rm: cannot remove 'test2.txt': No such file or directory
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test$ cat test2
cat: test2: No such file or directory
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test$ vi test2.txt
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test$ ls
test2.txt
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test$ cd
bio09@ecm-cefa:~$ cd test
-bash: cd: test: No such file or directory
bio09@ecm-cefa:~$ cd lidahuang
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ cd test
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test$ ls
test2.txt
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test$ rm test2.txt
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test$ ls
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test$ cd lidahuang
-bash: cd: lidahuang: No such file or directory
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test$ cd-

Command 'cd-' not found, did you mean:

  command 'cdb' from deb tinycdb
  command 'cd5' from deb cd5
  command 'cdo' from deb cdo
  command 'cdi' from deb cdo
  command 'cdp' from deb irpas
  command 'cdv' from deb codeville
  command 'cdw' from deb cdw
  command 'cde' from deb cde

Try: apt install <deb name>

bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test$ cd -
/home/bio09/lidahuang
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ rm test
rm: cannot remove 'test': Is a directory
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ rmdir test
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ vi test.txt
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ cat test.txt
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0

bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ q

Command 'q' not found, but can be installed with:

snap install q                       # version 1.6.3-1, or
apt  install python-q-text-as-data 
apt  install python3-q-text-as-data

See 'snap info q' for additional versions.

bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ cat test.txt
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0

bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ head test.txt
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ tail test.txt
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0

bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ head -n 3 test.txt
1
1
0
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ tail -n 3 test txt
tail: cannot open 'test' for reading: No such file or directory
tail: cannot open 'txt' for reading: No such file or directory
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ tail -n 3 test.txt
1
0

bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ mkdir tset
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ ls
test2.txt  test.txt  tset
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ cp tset test
cp: -r not specified; omitting directory 'tset'
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ cp tset testt
cp: -r not specified; omitting directory 'tset'
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ cp test tset
cp: cannot stat 'test': No such file or directory
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ cp test testing
cp: cannot stat 'test': No such file or directory
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ cp test.txt testing.txt
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ ls
test2.txt  testing.txt  test.txt  tset
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ cpdir test testinging

Command 'cpdir' not found, did you mean:

  command 'cdir' from deb cdtool
  command 'cpdic' from deb canna-utils

Try: apt install <deb name>

bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ mv tset test
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ ls
test  test2.txt  testing.txt  test.txt
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ mv test2.txt bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test
mv: cannot move 'test2.txt' to 'bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test': No such file or directory
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ mv test2.txt lidahuang/test
mv: cannot move 'test2.txt' to 'lidahuang/test': No such file or directory
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ pwd
/home/bio09/lidahuang
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ cd test
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test$ cd-

Command 'cd-' not found, did you mean:

  command 'cdo' from deb cdo
  command 'cdb' from deb tinycdb
  command 'cdv' from deb codeville
  command 'cdw' from deb cdw
  command 'cd5' from deb cd5
  command 'cdi' from deb cdo
  command 'cdp' from deb irpas
  command 'cde' from deb cde

Try: apt install <deb name>

bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test$ cd -
/home/bio09/lidahuang
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ cd test
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test$ ls
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test$ pwd
/home/bio09/lidahuang/test
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test$ cd -
/home/bio09/lidahuang
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ ls
test  test2.txt  testing.txt  test.txt
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ mv test2.txt /home/bio09/lidahuang/test
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ ls
test  testing.txt  test.txt
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ cd test
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test$ ls
test2.txt
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test$ r
ranlib                 reset                  rsh
rarp                   resize2fs              rsync
raw                    resizecons             rsyslogd
rbash                  resizepart             rtacct
rcp                    resize-part-image      rtcwake
rdma                   return                 rtmon
read                   rev                    rtstat
readarray              rgrep                  runcon
readelf                rlogin                 runlevel
readlink               rm                     run-mailcap
readonly               rmdir                  run-one
readprofile            rmmod                  run-one-constantly
realpath               rmt                    run-one-until-failure
reboot                 rmt-tar                run-one-until-success
red                    rnano                  run-parts
regdbdump              route                  run-this-one
remove-shell           routef                 runuser
rename.ul              routel                 rview
renice                 rpcgen                 rvim
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test$ ls
ls           lsb_release  lsinitramfs  lslogins     lsns         lspgpot
lsattr       lscpu        lsipc        lsmem        lsof         lsusb
lsblk        lshw         lslocks      lsmod        lspci        
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test$ cd
bio09@ecm-cefa:~$ ls
lidahuang
bio09@ecm-cefa:~$ cdlidahuang/test
-bash: cdlidahuang/test: No such file or directory
bio09@ecm-cefa:~$ cd lidahuang/test
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test$ ls
test2.txt
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test$ cd -
/home/bio09
bio09@ecm-cefa:~$ ld
ld: no input files
bio09@ecm-cefa:~$ ls
lidahuang
bio09@ecm-cefa:~$ cd lidahuang
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ la
test  testing.txt  test.txt
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ lsatter

Command 'lsatter' not found, did you mean:

  command 'lsattr' from deb e2fsprogs

Try: apt install <deb name>

bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ lsattr
--------------e--- ./test.txt
--------------e--- ./testing.txt
--------------e--- ./test
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0     11:0    1  378K  0 rom  
vda    252:0    0   40G  0 disk 
├─vda1 252:1    0    1M  0 part 
└─vda2 252:2    0   40G  0 part /
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ 

(就是思维导图实在用不顺手,还是goodnotes手记比较习惯🙃

原创声明:本文系作者授权腾讯云开发者社区发表,未经许可,不得转载。

如有侵权,请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除。

原创声明:本文系作者授权腾讯云开发者社区发表,未经许可,不得转载。

如有侵权,请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除。

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目录
  • 1.什么是linux,什么是服务器?
    • 应用场景
      • 权限控制
        • 命令行模式
          • 目录结构
          • 2.为什么学生信要用linux?
          • 3.怎样召唤linux--阿里云服务器
          • 4.怎样登录服务器--xshell和terminal
          • 5.linux有哪些最基本的操作?
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