Netty（八）之Netty服务端启动流程

CBeann

发布于 2023-12-25 17:24:03

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发布于 2023-12-25 17:24:03

文章被收录于专栏：CBeann的博客

服务端启动模板

public class MyChatServer {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //步骤1
        EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(1);
        EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();


        try {
           //步骤2
            ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
            b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
                    .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
                    .handler(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO))
                    .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024)
                    .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
                        @Override
                        protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception {
                            socketChannel.pipeline().addLast(new MyChatServerHandler());
                        }
                    });
            //步骤3
            ChannelFuture f = b.bind(8888).sync();
            //等待服务端监听端口关闭
            f.channel().closeFuture().sync();


        } catch (
                Exception e) {

        } finally {
            //优雅关闭，释放线程池资源
            bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
            workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
        }


    }
}

步骤1：创建NioEventLoopGroup

EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();

跟

//NioEventLoopGroup
public NioEventLoopGroup() {
        this(0);
    }

跟

//NioEventLoopGroup
public NioEventLoopGroup(int nThreads) {
        this(nThreads, (Executor) null);
    }

跟

参数多传入了一个selector

//NioEventLoopGroup
    public NioEventLoopGroup(int nThreads, Executor executor) {
        this(nThreads, executor, SelectorProvider.provider());
    }

跟

参数多传了一个DefaultSelectStrategyFactory.INSTANCE ，一个工厂类

//NioEventLoopGroup
    public NioEventLoopGroup(
            int nThreads, Executor executor, final SelectorProvider selectorProvider) {
        this(nThreads, executor, selectorProvider, DefaultSelectStrategyFactory.INSTANCE);
    }

跟

参数多传了一个RejectedExecutionHandlers.reject()

//NioEventLoopGroup
   public NioEventLoopGroup(int nThreads, Executor executor, final SelectorProvider selectorProvider,
                             final SelectStrategyFactory selectStrategyFactory) {
        super(nThreads, executor, selectorProvider, selectStrategyFactory, RejectedExecutionHandlers.reject());
    }

跟

DEFAULT_EVENT_LOOP_THREADS是一个默认的数（电脑的处理器核数*2（超线程）*2）（数不是重点）

//MultithreadEventLoopGroup
 protected MultithreadEventLoopGroup(int nThreads, Executor executor, Object... args) {
        super(nThreads == 0 ? DEFAULT_EVENT_LOOP_THREADS : nThreads, executor, args);
    }

跟

//MultithreadEventExecutorGroup
 protected MultithreadEventExecutorGroup(int nThreads, Executor executor, Object... args) {
        this(nThreads, executor, DefaultEventExecutorChooserFactory.INSTANCE, args);
    }

跟

//MultithreadEventExecutorGroup
	protected MultithreadEventExecutorGroup(int nThreads, Executor executor,
                                            EventExecutorChooserFactory chooserFactory, Object... args) {
        //if 检查，过 
		if (nThreads <= 0) {
        }

        //初始化，这是传的参数，参数就是null
        if (executor == null) {
            executor = new ThreadPerTaskExecutor(newDefaultThreadFactory());
        }

        
        //定义数组长度
        children = new EventExecutor[nThreads];

        //初始化数组
        for (int i = 0; i < nThreads; i ++) {
            boolean success = false;
            try {
			    //对每一个EventExecutor初始化,并且传入args参数
                children[i] = newChild(executor, args);
                success = true;
            } catch (Exception e) {      
            } finally {
                if (!success) {//用debug发现不走这里，略过
                }
            }
        }

        //初始化chooser，并且把上面的children传入
        chooser = chooserFactory.newChooser(children);

        //创建一个监听器
        final FutureListener<Object> terminationListener = new FutureListener<Object>() {
            @Override
            public void operationComplete(Future<Object> future) throws Exception {
                if (terminatedChildren.incrementAndGet() == children.length) {
                    terminationFuture.setSuccess(null);
                }
            }
        };

        //对每一个EventExecutor添加监听器
        for (EventExecutor e: children) {
            e.terminationFuture().addListener(terminationListener);
        }

        Set<EventExecutor> childrenSet = new LinkedHashSet<EventExecutor>(children.length);
        Collections.addAll(childrenSet, children);
        readonlyChildren = Collections.unmodifiableSet(childrenSet);
    }

跟到这里基本算是跟完了

步骤2：创建并且初始化ServerBootstrap，花式赋值

ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
            b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
                    .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
                    .handler(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO))
                    .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024)
                    .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
                        @Override
                        protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception {
                            //MyChatServerHandler是自己定义的方法
                            socketChannel.pipeline().addLast(new MyChatServerHandler());
                        }
                    });

1跟

//ServerBootstrap
public ServerBootstrap() { }

2跟group方法

    //ServerBootstrap
	public ServerBootstrap group(EventLoopGroup parentGroup, EventLoopGroup childGroup) {
	//给ServerBootstrap的父类AbstractBootstrap里的成员变量赋值
        super.group(parentGroup);
        //if省略
        //给自己的成员变量赋值
        this.childGroup = childGroup;
        return this;
    }

3跟channel方法

//AbstractBootstrap
public B channel(Class<? extends C> channelClass) {
        if (channelClass == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("channelClass");
        }
        return channelFactory(new ReflectiveChannelFactory<C>(channelClass));
    }

3.1跟 new ReflectiveChannelFactory<C>(channelClass) 方法

 //ReflectiveChannelFactory,看名字就是反射工厂类
public ReflectiveChannelFactory(Class<? extends T> clazz) {
        if (clazz == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("clazz");
        }
        //将NioServerSocketChannel.class赋值给clazz成员变量
        this.clazz = clazz;
    }

3.2跟channelFactory(new ReflectiveChannelFactory<C>(channelClass)) 方法

//AbstractBootstrap
 public B channelFactory(io.netty.channel.ChannelFactory<? extends C> channelFactory) {
        return channelFactory((ChannelFactory<C>) channelFactory);
    }

//AbstractBootstrap
 public B channelFactory(ChannelFactory<? extends C> channelFactory) {
        //if省略 
        //给成员变量赋值
        this.channelFactory = channelFactory;
        //AbstractBootstrap定义的参数泛型如下
        //public abstract class AbstractBootstrap<B extends AbstractBootstrap<B, C>, C extends Channel> implements Cloneable
        //在ServerBootStrap继承AbstractBootstrap中给B的赋值为ServerBootStrap
        //public class ServerBootstrap extends AbstractBootstrap<ServerBootstrap, ServerChannel>
        //能成功返回
        return (B) this;
    }

4 跟handler()

//AbstractBootstrap
    public B handler(ChannelHandler handler) {
        //if省略
        //给成员变量赋值 
        this.handler = handler;
        return (B) this;
    }

5跟option()

//AbstractBootstrap
public <T> B option(ChannelOption<T> option, T value) {
        if (option == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("option");
        }
        if (value == null) {
            synchronized (options) {
                options.remove(option);
            }
        } else {
            synchronized (options) {
                //添加参数，添加参数，添加参数
                options.put(option, value);
            }
        }
        return (B) this;
    }

6跟childHandler方法

//ServerBootStrap
public ServerBootstrap childHandler(ChannelHandler childHandler) {
        //if省略
        //给成员变量赋值 
        this.childHandler = childHandler;
        return this;
    }

步骤3:一个bind(8888)方法，要你命三千

ChannelFuture f = b.bind(8888).sync();

步骤3.1:一直跟bind方法

//AbstractBootstrap
private ChannelFuture doBind(final SocketAddress localAddress) {
        //initAndRegister重点代码
        final ChannelFuture regFuture = initAndRegister();
        final Channel channel = regFuture.channel();
        if (regFuture.cause() != null) {
            return regFuture;
        }

        if (regFuture.isDone()) { //debug我的没走，略
        } else {  
            final PendingRegistrationPromise promise = new PendingRegistrationPromise(channel);
			//给注册号的channel添加监听器
            regFuture.addListener(new ChannelFutureListener() {
                @Override
                public void operationComplete(ChannelFuture future) throws Exception {
                    Throwable cause = future.cause();
                    if (cause != null) {
                       //出现异常
                        promise.setFailure(cause);
                    } else {
                        //没有出现异常
                        promise.registered();

                        doBind0(regFuture, channel, localAddress, promise);
                    }
                }
            });
            return promise;
        }

步骤3.2跟initAndRegister方法

    //AbstractBootstrap
	final ChannelFuture initAndRegister() {
        Channel channel = null;
        try {
		    //步骤3.2.1
            channel = channelFactory.newChannel();
			//步骤3.2.2
            init(channel);
        } catch (Throwable t) {}

        步骤3.2.3
        ChannelFuture regFuture = config().group().register(channel);
        if (regFuture.cause() != null) { //debug我的没走。略 
        }


        return regFuture;
    }

步骤3.2.1：创建NioServerSocketChannel

channel = channelFactory.newChannel();

跟进去发现是一个接口

public interface ChannelFactory<T extends Channel> {

    T newChannel();
}

然后发现上面接口的实现类有ReflectiveChannelFactory（这个类在上面步骤2的3中有创建过）

//ReflectiveChannelFactory
public T newChannel() {
        try {
           //反射、反射、反射
           //clazz在上面赋值过NioServerSocketChannel
            return clazz.getConstructor().newInstance();
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            throw new ChannelException("Unable to create Channel from class " + clazz, t);
        }
    }

此时应该调用NioServerSocketChannel的无参方法

//NioServerSocketChannel
public NioServerSocketChannel() {
        this(newSocket(DEFAULT_SELECTOR_PROVIDER));
    }

跟newSocket(DEFAULT_SELECTOR_PROVIDER) 方法

//NioServerSocketChannel
    private static ServerSocketChannel newSocket(SelectorProvider provider) {
        try {
            //返回一个ServerSocketChannel
            return provider.openServerSocketChannel();
        } catch (IOException e) { }
    }

跟this(newSocket(provider))的this方法（☆）

//NioServerSocketChannel
    public NioServerSocketChannel(ServerSocketChannel channel) {
        //SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT,SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT,SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT
        super(null, channel, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
        //config中存入了当前NioServerSocketChannel
        config = new NioServerSocketChannelConfig(this, javaChannel().socket());
    }

跟上面代码的super方法，一直跟

//AbstractNioChannel
protected AbstractNioChannel(Channel parent, SelectableChannel ch, int readInterestOp) {
        super(parent);
        //将channel赋值给成员变量
        this.ch = ch;
        //Nio感兴趣的键
        this.readInterestOp = readInterestOp;
        try {
            //Nio知识，设置为非阻塞
            ch.configureBlocking(false);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            //略
        }
    }

跟上面的super方法

//AbstractChannel
protected AbstractChannel(Channel parent) {
        this.parent = parent;
        id = newId();
        unsafe = newUnsafe();
        //初始化pipline对象
        pipeline = newChannelPipeline();
    }

此时NioServerSocketChannel已经创建完了，并且channel里带有ChannelPipeline对象

步骤3.2.2:init初始化NioServerSocketChannel

AbstractBootstrap
abstract void init(Channel channel) throws Exception;

找方法的实现类

//ServerBootStrap
   //给bossGroup（parentGroup）的channel添加参数，并且添加了一个关键、关键、关键的ChannelInitializer
    void init(Channel channel) throws Exception {
	    //获取bossGroup（parentGroup）的option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024)这种参数并且传给channel（不是重点）
        final Map<ChannelOption<?>, Object> options = options0();
        synchronized (options) {
            setChannelOptions(channel, options, logger);
        }
        //获取bossGroup的attr这种参数并且传给channel(不是重点)
        final Map<AttributeKey<?>, Object> attrs = attrs0();
        synchronized (attrs) {
            for (Entry<AttributeKey<?>, Object> e: attrs.entrySet()) {
                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                AttributeKey<Object> key = (AttributeKey<Object>) e.getKey();
                channel.attr(key).set(e.getValue());
            }
        }
        
		//获取channel中的ChannelPipeline
        ChannelPipeline p = channel.pipeline();

        //获取workerGroup(childGroup)及其一些参数childHandler、ChildOption、ChildAttrs，这些参数都在创建ServerBootStrap的时候赋过值
        final EventLoopGroup currentChildGroup = childGroup;
        final ChannelHandler currentChildHandler = childHandler;
        final Entry<ChannelOption<?>, Object>[] currentChildOptions;
        final Entry<AttributeKey<?>, Object>[] currentChildAttrs;
        synchronized (childOptions) {
            currentChildOptions = childOptions.entrySet().toArray(newOptionArray(childOptions.size()));
        }
        synchronized (childAttrs) {
            currentChildAttrs = childAttrs.entrySet().toArray(newAttrArray(childAttrs.size()));
        }


        //重点、重点、重点\重点、重点、重点
		//下面会重点解释这个地方
		//P是ServerSocketChannnel中的ChannelPipeline，添加了一个ChannelInitializer整体（不用看里面的内容）
        p.addLast(new ChannelInitializer<Channel>() {
            @Override
            public void initChannel(final Channel ch) throws Exception {
                final ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
                ChannelHandler handler = config.handler();
                if (handler != null) {
				    //对应handler(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO))
                    pipeline.addLast(handler);
                }

                ch.eventLoop().execute(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
					    //重点、重点、重点（后面会解释）
                        pipeline.addLast(new ServerBootstrapAcceptor(
                                ch, currentChildGroup, currentChildHandler, currentChildOptions, currentChildAttrs));
                    }
                });
            }
        });
    }

一直跟上面的的 p.addLast(new ChannelInitializer<Channel>() 的addLast方法

 //DefaultChannelPipeline
 //ChannelPipeline.addList虽然看似添加handler，其实是添加包含handler的ChannelHandlerContext
 public final ChannelPipeline addLast(EventExecutorGroup group, String name, ChannelHandler handler) {
        final AbstractChannelHandlerContext newCtx;
        synchronized (this) {
		    //检查、省略
            checkMultiplicity(handler);
            
			//创建一个ChannelHandlerContext并且把hander传入进去
            newCtx = newContext(group, filterName(name, handler), handler);
            //将ChannelHandlerContext添加到创建的NioServerSocketChannel的Pipeline中
            addLast0(newCtx);

            
			//走这个方法就返回
            if (!registered) {
                newCtx.setAddPending();
                callHandlerCallbackLater(newCtx, true);
                return this;
            }
            
			//debug后面的没走，下面的略
            EventExecutor executor = newCtx.executor();
            if (!executor.inEventLoop()) {
                newCtx.setAddPending();
                executor.execute(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        callHandlerAdded0(newCtx);
                    }
                });
                return this;
            }
        }
        callHandlerAdded0(newCtx);
        return this;
    }

跟上面代码中的 addLast0(newCtx) 方法

 //DefaultChannelPipeline
 
 //双向链表操作，将ctx添加到链表中
 private void addLast0(AbstractChannelHandlerContext newCtx) {
        AbstractChannelHandlerContext prev = tail.prev;
        newCtx.prev = prev;
        newCtx.next = tail;
        prev.next = newCtx;
        tail.prev = newCtx;
    }

此时NioServerSocketChannel已经初始化完毕，主要的工作就是给channel里的成员变量赋值，并且添加了一ChannelInitializer类，并且吧包含handler的ChannelHandlerContext加到双向链表中

步骤3.2.3:注册NioServerSocketChannel

跟AbstractBootstrap中的initAndRegister方法里的

ChannelFuture regFuture = config().group().register(channel);

3.2.3.1跟config（）方法

//ServerBootStrap
//将自己传给ServerBootstrapConfig 
private final ServerBootstrapConfig config = new ServerBootstrapConfig(this);

public final ServerBootstrapConfig config() {
        return config;
    }

3.2.3.2一直跟group（）方法

//AbstractBootstrap
//group的成员变量的赋值在b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup),其实就是bossGroup
volatile EventLoopGroup group; 
//返回成员变量
 public final EventLoopGroup group() {
        return group;
    }

3.2.3.3跟register（）方法

//MultithreadEventExecutorGroup
public ChannelFuture register(Channel channel) {
        //next方法返回一个EventLoop，自己看
        //跟register方法
        return next().register(channel);
    }

跟register方法

//SingleThreadEventLoop
 public ChannelFuture register(Channel channel) {
        //DefaultChannelPromise传入了一个channel和this(EventExcuter)
        return register(new DefaultChannelPromise(channel, this));
    }

跟regiser方法

//SingleThreadEventLoop
public ChannelFuture register(final ChannelPromise promise) {
        //检查，省略
        ObjectUtil.checkNotNull(promise, "promise");
        //重点关注register
        promise.channel().unsafe().register(this, promise);
        return promise;
    }

跟register方法

//AbstractChannel
public final void register(EventLoop eventLoop, final ChannelPromise promise) {
            //if省略 

            AbstractChannel.this.eventLoop = eventLoop;

            //下面会执行register0(promise)
            if (eventLoop.inEventLoop()) {
                register0(promise);
            } else {
                try {
                    eventLoop.execute(new Runnable() {
                        @Override
                        public void run() {
                            register0(promise);
                        }
                    });
                } catch (Throwable t) {
                   
                }
            }
        }

跟register0方法

//AbstractChannel
private void register0(ChannelPromise promise) {
            try {
                //if省略
                
                boolean firstRegistration = neverRegistered;
				//真正的注册方法
                doRegister();
				
                neverRegistered = false;
                registered = true;

                //调用handlerAdd方法
                pipeline.invokeHandlerAddedIfNeeded();
                
				//这个方法中有一个触发监听器的功能
                safeSetSuccess(promise);
				
				//调用ChannelRegiser方法
                pipeline.fireChannelRegistered();
             
                if (isActive()) {//debug没有执行，省略
                    
                }
            } catch (Throwable t) {
               
            }
        }

跟上面代码的doRegister方法，实现真正的注册

//AbstractNioChannel
    protected void doRegister() throws Exception {
        boolean selected = false;
        for (;;) {
            try {
			    //java Nio  的知识，注册
                selectionKey = javaChannel().register(eventLoop().unwrappedSelector(), 0, this);
                return;
            } catch (CancelledKeyException e) {
            }
        }
    }

跟AbstractChannel的register方法里的

//AbstractChannel的register方法里的
pipeline.invokeHandlerAddedIfNeeded();

//DefaultChannelPipeline
final void invokeHandlerAddedIfNeeded() {
        assert channel.eventLoop().inEventLoop();
        if (firstRegistration) {
            firstRegistration = false;
            callHandlerAddedForAllHandlers();
        }
    }

跟callHandlerAddedForAllHandlers()方法

//DefaultChannelPipeline
private void callHandlerAddedForAllHandlers() {
        final PendingHandlerCallback pendingHandlerCallbackHead;
        synchronized (this) {
            assert !registered;

          
            registered = true;

            pendingHandlerCallbackHead = this.pendingHandlerCallbackHead;
           
            this.pendingHandlerCallbackHead = null;
        }

        
        PendingHandlerCallback task = pendingHandlerCallbackHead;
        while (task != null) {
            //跟这个方法
            task.execute();
            task = task.next;
        }
    }

跟task.excute（）方法

//DefaultChannelPipeline
 void execute() {
            EventExecutor executor = ctx.executor();
            if (executor.inEventLoop()) {
                callHandlerAdded0(ctx);
            } else {
                try {
                    executor.execute(this);
                } catch (RejectedExecutionException e) {
                    
                }
            }
        }

跟callHandlerAdd0(ctx)方法

//DefaultChannelPipeline
private void callHandlerAdded0(final AbstractChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
        try {
            ctx.handler().handlerAdded(ctx);
            ctx.setAddComplete();
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            //省略
        }
    }

其中看ctx.handler()，ctx就是ChannelHandlerContext创建的时候就会传入hander，所以一个ChannelHandlerContext对应一个handler

下面跟 ctx.handler().handlerAdded(ctx) handlerAdded方法（☆☆☆☆☆）

此时你应该懂你的NioServerSocket中的handler有哪些？？？

还记得ServerBootStrap中的init方法吗？如下所示

 p.addLast(new ChannelInitializer<Channel>() {
            @Override
            public void initChannel(final Channel ch) throws Exception {
                final ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
                ChannelHandler handler = config.handler();
                if (handler != null) {
                    pipeline.addLast(handler);
                }

                ch.eventLoop().execute(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        pipeline.addLast(new ServerBootstrapAcceptor(
                                ch, currentChildGroup, currentChildHandler, currentChildOptions, currentChildAttrs));
                    }
                });
            }
        });

p.addLast(new ChannelInitializer<Channel>() pipeline中添加了ChannelInitializer ，所以要调用ChannelInitializer的handlerAdd方法

跟ChannelInitializer里的handlerAdded方法

//ChannelInitializer
public void handlerAdded(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        if (ctx.channel().isRegistered()) {
		    //跟下面方法
            initChannel(ctx);
        }
    }

跟

//ChannelInitializer
private boolean initChannel(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        if (initMap.putIfAbsent(ctx, Boolean.TRUE) == null) { // Guard against re-entrance.
            try {
			    //这个initChannel方法就是自定义的方法
                initChannel((C) ctx.channel());
            } catch (Throwable cause) {
            } finally {
			    //最后将ctx移除，实现批量处理，因为这个类的作用是添加自定义的Handler,本身没处理的能力，留着干嘛，删了
                remove(ctx);
            }
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

在跟这个 initChannel((C) ctx.channel()) 方法，这个方法的内容不能在跟了，在跟就跟丢了，内容如下

//ServerBootStrap里的init方法的一部分
p.addLast(new ChannelInitializer<Channel>() {
            @Override
            public void initChannel(final Channel ch) throws Exception {
                final ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
                ChannelHandler handler = config.handler();
                if (handler != null) {
                    pipeline.addLast(handler);
                }

                ch.eventLoop().execute(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        pipeline.addLast(new ServerBootstrapAcceptor(
                                ch, currentChildGroup, currentChildHandler, currentChildOptions, currentChildAttrs));
                    }
                });
            }
        });

initChannel方法添加了

1)handler(handler(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO)))
2)new ServerBootstrapAcceptor(ch, currentChildGroup, currentChildHandler, currentChildOptions, currentChildAttrs)☆☆☆☆☆

跟AbstractChannel的registero方法里的safeSetSuccess(promise)代码

//AbstractChannel
protected final void safeSetSuccess(ChannelPromise promise) {
            if (!(promise instanceof VoidChannelPromise) && !promise.trySuccess()) {
                logger.warn("Failed to mark a promise as success because it is done already: {}", promise);
            }
        }

跟 promise.trySuccess（）方法

//DefaultChannelPipeline
 @Override
    public boolean trySuccess() {
        return trySuccess(null);
    }

跟

//DefaultChannelPipeline
 @Override
    public boolean trySuccess(V result) {
        if (setSuccess0(result)) {
            //通知监听器
            notifyListeners();
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

跟AbstractChannel的registero方法里的pipeline.fireChannelRegistered()代码

他的运行原理和调用handerAdd方法差不多

到此为止，服务端启动完成

channel.active没有调用

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原始发表：2022-03-07，如有侵权请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除

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