聊一聊接口自动化测试断言处理策略

assert response.status_code == 200

assert response.elapsed.total_seconds() < 3  # 接口响应时间<3秒

assert response.json()["status"] == "success"assert response.json()["data"]["email"].endswith("@example.com")

response_data = response.json()assert "user_id" in response_dataassert isinstance(response_data["age"], int)

assert "data" in response.json()  # 检查关键字段存在性assert response.json()["code"] == 0  # 业务状态码

expected = {"id": 123, "name": "test_user"}assert response.json()["data"] == expected  # 精确匹配

import reassert re.match(r"^\d{10}$", response.json()["token"])  # 正则匹配动态token

assert "<title>Login Page</title>" in response.text

# 创建订单后验证订单号唯一性order_id = response.json()["order_id"]assert len(str(order_id)) == 18  # 校验订单号长度

# 支付接口调用后状态应变为PAIDassert get_order_status(order_id) == "PAID"

assert response.json()["error_code"] == "INVALID_PARAM"

assert "用户名不能为空" in response.json()["message"]

db_result = query_db("SELECT count(*) FROM users WHERE name='lee'")assert db_result == 1

import reassert re.match(r"\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}", response.json()["created_at"])

# 仅验证关键字段，忽略次要字段assert response.json()["order_id"] == expected_order_idassert response.json()["total_price"] == 100.0

user_id = response.json()["user_id"]

assert sorted(response.json()["items"]) == sorted(expected_items)

def test_create_user():    response = create_user()    assert response.status_code == 201    assert response.json()["username"] == "test_user"    assert response.json()["is_active"] is True

from pytest_check import checkdef test_api():    response = call_api()    with check:        assert response.status_code == 200    with check:        assert "error" not in response.json()

from jsonschema import validateschema = {    "type": "object",    "properties": {        "user_id": {"type": "number"},        "email": {"type": "string", "format": "email"}    },    "required": ["user_id", "email"]}validate(response.json(), schema)

javascriptpm.test("Status code is 200", () => pm.response.to.have.status(200));pm.test("Response contains token", () => pm.expect(pm.response.json().token).to.exist);

assert response.status_code == 200, f"Expected 200, got {response.status_code}"

#pythonif response.status_code != 200:    print(f"Response body: {response.text}")    assert False

# 根据测试环境动态调整预期值expected_host = "api.test.com" if env == "test" else "api.prod.com"assert response.request.url.startswith(f"https://{expected_host}")

# 从CSV/Excel读取预期值expected_value = read_test_data("case123.csv")["expected"]assert actual_value == expected_value

def assert_json_contains(response, required_fields):    """验证响应体包含所有必需字段"""    actual_fields = set(response.json().keys())    missing = required_fields - actual_fields    assert not missing, f"Missing fields: {missing}"# 使用示例assert_json_contains(response, {"code", "message", "data"})

# 使用Locust进行性能压测时的断言from locust import HttpUser, task, betweenclass WebsiteUser(HttpUser):    wait_time = between(1, 5)    @task    def check_api(self):        with self.client.get("/api/data", catch_response=True) as response:            if response.elapsed.total_seconds() > 2:                response.failure("Response time exceeded threshold")