Kubernetes-Pod的重新平衡和碎片整理

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发布于 2023-10-07 20:16:00

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发布于 2023-10-07 20:16:00

文章被收录于专栏：DevOps持续集成

本文整理自推特：https://twitter.com/danielepolencic/status/1709178098435097001?s=61&t=HYNDG5pYa0Nu6zqKNI633w
By default, Kubernetes doesn't recompute and rebalance workloads. You could have a cluster with fewer overutilized nodes and others with a handful of pods How can you fix this?

默认情况下，Kubernetes不会重新计算和重新平衡工作负载。您可能会遇到一些节点过度利用的集群，而其他节点只有少量的Pod。您可以如何解决这个问题呢？

1

Let's consider a cluster with a single node that can host 2 Pods You maxed out all available resources so you can scale the cluster to have a second node and spread the load

让我们考虑一个只有一个节点可以承载2个Pod的集群。你已经使用了所有可用资源，所以你可以扩展集群，增加一个第二个节点来分担负载。

2

You provision a second node; what happens next? Does Kubernetes notice that there's a space for your Pod? Does it move the second Pod and rebalance the cluster? Unfortunately, it does not. But why?

你准备了第二个节点，接下来会发生什么？Kubernetes会注意到有一个Pod的空间吗？它会移动第二个Pod并重新平衡集群吗？不幸的是，它不会这样做。但为什么呢？

3

When you define a Deployment, you specify:

The template for the Pod
The number of copies (replicas)

当你定义一个部署（Deployment）时，你需要指定：

Pod的模板（template）
副本数量（replicas）

image.png

4

But nowhere in that file, you said you want one replica for each node! The ReplicaSet counts 2 Pods, and that matches the desired state Kubernetes won't take any further action

但是在文件中你并没有指定每个节点一个副本！ReplicaSet 计数为2个Pod，这与期望的状态相匹配，Kubernetes 不会采取任何进一步的动作。

5

In other words, Kubernetes does not rebalance your pods automatically But you can fix this with the descheduler The Descheduler scans your cluster at regular intervals, and if it finds a node that is more utilized than others, it deletes a pod in that node

换句话说，Kubernetes不会自动重新平衡你的Pod。但是你可以通过使用Descheduler来解决这个问题。 Descheduler会定期扫描你的集群，如果发现某个节点的利用率高于其他节点，它会删除该节点上的一个Pod。

6

What happens when a Pod is deleted? The ReplicaSet will create a new Pod, and the scheduler will likely place it in a less utilized node

当一个Pod被删除时会发生什么？ ReplicaSet会创建一个新的Pod，调度器（scheduler）很可能会将其放置在一个利用率较低的节点上。

7

The Descheduler can evict pods based on policies such as:

Node utilization
Pod age
Failed pods
Duplicates
Affinity or taints violations

Descheduler可以根据以下策略驱逐Pod：

节点利用率
Pod的年龄
失败的Pod
重复的Pod
亲和性或污点违规

image.png

8

If your cluster has been running long, the resource utilization is not very balanced The following two strategies can be used to rebalance your cluster based on CPU, memory or number of pods

如果你的集群已经运行了一段时间，资源利用可能不太平衡。以下两种策略可以根据CPU、内存或Pod数量来重新平衡你的集群。

9

Another practical policy is deleting pods older than a certain threshold In this example, pods running for more than seven days are deleted

另一个实用的策略是删除超过特定时间阈值的Pod。在这个例子中，运行超过七天的Pod将被删除。

10

Or you can use the RemoveDuplicate plugin to remove similar Pods from running on the same node This is useful to ensure higher availability if a node is lost

或者你可以使用RemoveDuplicate插件来删除在同一个节点上运行的相似Pod。这对于确保更高的可用性非常有用，特别是当一个节点丢失时。

11

And lastly, you can combine the Descheduler with Node Problem Detector and Cluster Autoscaler to automatically remove Nodes with problems Let me explain with an example

最后，你可以将Descheduler与Node Problem Detector和Cluster Autoscaler结合使用，以自动删除出现问题的节点。让我通过一个例子来解释。

12

Node Problem Detector can detect specific Node problems such as PIDPressure, MemoryPressure, etc. and report them to the API server The node controller can be configured to apply a taint to a node for a given state (TaintNodeByCondition)

Node Problem Detector可以检测特定的节点问题，例如PIDPressure、MemoryPressure等，并将它们报告给API服务器。节点控制器可以配置为根据给定状态对节点施加污点（TaintNodeByCondition）。

13

After the taint is assigned to the node, you can have the Descheduler evict workloads from that tainted node using the RemovePodsViolatingNodeTaints strategy

在节点被标记（taint）之后，你可以使用RemovePodsViolatingNodeTaints策略让Descheduler从被标记的节点上驱逐工作负载（workload）。

14

The pods can't be allocated to the same node since they don't tolerate the taint So, they are scheduled elsewhere in the cluster

由于Pods不容忍（tolerate）该污点，它们无法分配到相同的节点上。因此，它们会在集群中的其他地方进行调度。

15

Finally, the node is likely to fall below the Cluster Autoscaler's scale-down threshold and become a scale-down candidate and can be removed by Cluster Autoscaler

最后，该节点很可能会低于Cluster Autoscaler的缩容阈值，成为一个缩容候选节点，并可以被Cluster Autoscaler移除。

16

The Descheduler is an excellent choice to keep your cluster efficiency in check, but it isn't installed by default It can be deployed as a Job, CronJob or Deployment More info:

Descheduler是一个很好的选择，可以保持集群的效率，但它不是默认安装的。它可以作为Job、CronJob或Deployment部署。更多信息：https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler