聊聊并发编程： Lock

void lock();
void lockInterruptibly() throws InterruptedException;
boolean tryLock();
boolean tryLock(long time, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException;
void unlock();
Condition newCondition();

protected boolean tryAcquire(int arg) {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }

public final void acquire(int arg) {
        if (!tryAcquire(arg) &&
            acquireQueued(addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE), arg))
            selfInterrupt();
    }

public class Mutex implements Lock {
 private static class Sync extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer {
    // Reports whether in locked state
    protected boolean isHeldExclusively() {
        return getState() == 1;
    }

    // Acquires the lock if state is zero
    public boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {
        assert acquires == 1; // Otherwise unused
        if (compareAndSetState(0, 1)) {
            setExclusiveOwnerThread(Thread.currentThread());
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    // Releases the lock by setting state to zero
    protected boolean tryRelease(int releases) {
        assert releases == 1; // Otherwise unused
        if (getState() == 0) throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
        setExclusiveOwnerThread(null);
        setState(0);
        return true;
    }

    // Provides a Condition
    Condition newCondition() {
        return new ConditionObject();
    }

    // Deserializes properly
    private void readObject(ObjectInputStream s)
            throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
        s.defaultReadObject();
        setState(0); // reset to unlocked state
    }
}

private final Sync sync = new Sync();

@Override
public void lock() {
    sync.acquire(1);
}

@Override
public void lockInterruptibly() throws InterruptedException {
    sync.acquireInterruptibly(1);
}

@Override
public boolean tryLock() {
    return sync.tryAcquire(1);
}

@Override
public boolean tryLock(long time, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException {
    return sync.tryAcquireNanos(1, unit.toNanos(time));
}

@Override
public void unlock() {
    sync.release(1);
}

@Override
public Condition newCondition() {
    return sync.newCondition();
}
}

volatile int waitStatus //节点状态
volatile Node prev //当前节点/线程的前驱节点
volatile Node next; //当前节点/线程的后继节点
volatile Thread thread;//加入同步队列的线程引用
Node nextWaiter;//等待队列中的下一个节点

private transient volatile Node head;
private transient volatile Node tail;

final boolean nonfairTryAcquire(int acquires) {
    final Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
    int c = getState();
    //1. 如果该锁未被任何线程占有，该锁能被当前线程获取
    if (c == 0) {
        if (compareAndSetState(0, acquires)) {
            setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
            return true;
        }
    }
    //2.若被占有，检查占有线程是否是当前线程
    else if (current == getExclusiveOwnerThread()) {
        // 3. 再次获取，计数加一
        int nextc = c + acquires;
        if (nextc < 0) // overflow
            throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
        setState(nextc);
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

protected final boolean tryRelease(int releases) {
    //1. 同步状态减1
    int c = getState() - releases;
    if (Thread.currentThread() != getExclusiveOwnerThread())
        throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
    boolean free = false;
    if (c == 0) {
        //2. 只有当同步状态为0时，锁成功被释放，返回true
        free = true;
        setExclusiveOwnerThread(null);
    }
    // 3. 锁未被完全释放，返回false
    setState(c);
    return free;
}

public ReentrantLock() {
    sync = new NonfairSync();
}

public ReentrantLock(boolean fair) {
    sync = fair ? new FairSync() : new NonfairSync();
}

protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {
    final Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
    int c = getState();
    if (c == 0) {
        if (!hasQueuedPredecessors() &&
            compareAndSetState(0, acquires)) {
            setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
            return true;
        }
    }
    else if (current == getExclusiveOwnerThread()) {
        int nextc = c + acquires;
        if (nextc < 0)
            throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
        setState(nextc);
        return true;
    }
    return false;
  }
}

int getReadLockCount()//返回当前读锁被获取的次数。该次数不等于获取读锁的线程数，如果一个线程连续获取n次,那么返回的就是n
int getReadHoldCount()//返回当前线程获取读锁的次数
boolean isWriteLocked()//判断写锁是否被获取
int getWriteHoldCount()//返回当前写锁被获取的次数

public class Cache {
    static Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
    static ReentrantReadWriteLock reentrantReadWriteLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
    static Lock r = reentrantReadWriteLock.readLock();
    static Lock w = reentrantReadWriteLock.writeLock();
    // 获取一个key对应的value
    public static final Object get(String key) {
        r.lock();
        try {
            return map.get(key);
        } finally {
            r.unlock();
        }
    }
    // 设置key对应的value，并返回旧的value
    public static final Object put(String key, Object value) {
        w.lock();
        try {
            return map.put(key, value);
        } finally {
            w.unlock();
        }
    }
    // 清空所有的内容
    public static final void clear() {
        w.lock();
        try {
            map.clear();
        } finally {
            w.unlock();
        }
    }
}

protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {
    Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
    // 1. 获取写锁当前的同步状态
    int c = getState();
    // 2. 获取写锁获取的次数
    int w = exclusiveCount(c);
    if (c != 0) {
        // (Note: if c != 0 and w == 0 then shared count != 0)
        // 3.1 当读锁已被读线程获取或者当前线程不是已经获取写锁的线程的话
        // 当前线程获取写锁失败
        if (w == 0 || current != getExclusiveOwnerThread())
            return false;
        if (w + exclusiveCount(acquires) > MAX_COUNT)
            throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
        // Reentrant acquire
        // 3.2 当前线程获取写锁，支持可重复加锁
        setState(c + acquires);
        return true;
    }
    // 3.3 写锁未被任何线程获取，当前线程可获取写锁
    if (writerShouldBlock() ||
        !compareAndSetState(c, c + acquires))
        return false;
    setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
    return true;
}

protected final boolean tryRelease(int releases) {
    if (!isHeldExclusively())
        throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
    //1. 同步状态减去写状态
    int nextc = getState() - releases;
    //2. 当前写状态是否为0，为0则释放写锁
    boolean free = exclusiveCount(nextc) == 0;
    if (free)
        setExclusiveOwnerThread(null);
    //3. 不为0则更新同步状态
    setState(nextc);
    return free;
}

protected final int tryAcquireShared(int unused) {
    Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
    int c = getState();
    //1. 如果写锁已经被获取并且获取写锁的线程不是当前线程的话，当前
    // 线程获取读锁失败返回-1
    if (exclusiveCount(c) != 0 &&
        getExclusiveOwnerThread() != current)
        return -1;
    int r = sharedCount(c);
    if (!readerShouldBlock() &&
        r < MAX_COUNT &&
        //2. 当前线程获取读锁
        compareAndSetState(c, c + SHARED_UNIT)) {
        //3. 下面的代码主要是新增的一些功能，比如getReadHoldCount()方法
        //返回当前获取读锁的次数
        if (r == 0) {
            firstReader = current;
            firstReaderHoldCount = 1;
        } else if (firstReader == current) {
            firstReaderHoldCount++;
        } else {
            HoldCounter rh = cachedHoldCounter;
            if (rh == null || rh.tid != getThreadId(current))
                cachedHoldCounter = rh = readHolds.get();
            else if (rh.count == 0)
                readHolds.set(rh);
            rh.count++;
        }
        return 1;
    }
    //4. 处理在第二步中CAS操作失败的自旋已经实现重入性
    return fullTryAcquireShared(current);
}

public void processData() {
readLock.lock();
if (!update) {
// 必须先释放读锁
readLock.unlock();
// 锁降级从写锁获取到开始
writeLock.lock();
try {
if (!update) {
// 准备数据的流程（略）
update = true;
}
readLock.lock();
} finally {
writeLock.unlock();
}
// 锁降级完成，写锁降级为读锁
}
try {
// 使用数据的流程（略）
} finally {
readLock.unlock();
}
}