【教程分享】一键部署MySQL，轻松搞定Docker安装和配置！

[root@service-monitoring ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7.42-oracle

5.7.42-oracle: Pulling from library/mysql
e83e8f2e82cc: Pull complete 
0f23deb01b84: Pull complete 
f5bda3b184ea: Pull complete 
ed17edbc6604: Pull complete 
33a94a6acfa7: Pull complete 
f153bd2953e4: Pull complete 
ab532edfb813: Pull complete 
c76bdfe4f3d0: Pull complete 
8a7ffe2f2551: Pull complete 
857ada4fbbcc: Pull complete 
b7c508404c3c: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:f57eef421000aaf8332a91ab0b6c96b3c83ed2a981c29e6528b21ce10197cd16
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7.42-oracle
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7.42-oracle
[root@service-monitoring ~]# 

[root@service-monitoring ~]# vim /usr/lib/sysctl.d/00-system.conf

net.ipv4_forward=1

systemctl restart network;

systemctl restart docker;

# 将容器的 3306 端口映射到主机的 3306 端口，这样就可以通过主机的 IP 地址和端口号访问 MySQL 服务。
# 指定容器的名称为 mysql，方便后续管理和操作
[root@service-monitoring home]# docker run -p 3306:3306 --name mysql \
# 将主机的 /home/mysql/log 目录挂载到容器的 /var/log/mysql 目录，用于存储 MySQL 的日志文件。
-v /home/mysql/log:/var/log/mysql \
# 将主机的 /home/mysql/data 目录挂载到容器的 /var/lib/mysql 目录，用于存储 MySQL 的数据文件。
-v /home/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql \
# 将主机的 /home/mysql/conf 目录挂载到容器的 /etc/mysql 目录，用于存储 MySQL 的配置文件。
-v /home/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql \
# 将主机的 /home/mysql/mysql-files 目录挂载到容器的 /var/lib/mysql-files 目录，用于存储 MySQL 的文件数据。
-v /home/mysql/mysql-files:/var/lib/mysql-files \
# 设置 MySQL 的 root 用户密码为 root。这个参数使用了环境变量来传递密码信息。
-e MYSOL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root \
# 以后台模式运行 MySQL 容器，并使用 mysql:5.7.42-oracle 镜像作为容器镜像。
-d mysql:5.7.42-oracle \
# 设置 MySQL 的字符集为 utf8mb4，并使用 utf8mb4_unicode_ci 排序规则。这个参数可以确保 MySQL 能够正确地处理 Unicode 字符。
--character-set-server=utf8mb4 --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
# ---命令结束，下面都是输出
# 输出的是容器的 ID，表示容器已成功启动。
ec88509b8b1b8b759747c71b75a9fc6c5c0a8ec63e1e6b7a716a6e98ccce184e
[root@service-monitoring home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@service-monitoring home]# 

[root@service-monitoring home]# docker logs mysql
2023-04-26 15:36:12+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Entrypoint script for MySQL Server 5.7.42-1.el7 started.
2023-04-26 15:36:12+00:00 [ERROR] [Entrypoint]: mysqld failed while attempting to check config
        command was: mysqld --character-set-server=utf8mb4 --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci --verbose --help --log-bin-index=/tmp/tmp.lEmtN09BMq
        mysqld: Can't read dir of '/etc/mysql/conf.d/' (Errcode: 2 - No such file or directory)
mysqld: [ERROR] Fatal error in defaults handling. Program aborted!
[root@service-monitoring home]# 

# 删除了-v /home/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql \的启动命令：
[root@service-monitoring home]# docker run -p 3306:3306 --name mysql \
-v /home/mysql/log:/var/log/mysql \
-v /home/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql \
-v /home/mysql/mysql-files:/var/lib/mysql-files \
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root \
-d mysql:5.7.42-oracle \
--character-set-server=utf8mb4 --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
docker: Error response from daemon: Conflict. The container name "/mysql" is already in use by container "ec88509b8b1b8b759747c71b75a9fc6c5c0a8ec63e1e6b7a716a6e98ccce184e". You have to remove (or rename) that container to be able to reuse that name.
See 'docker run --help'.
[root@service-monitoring home]# 

[root@service-monitoring home]# docker rm mysql
mysql
[root@service-monitoring home]# 

[root@service-monitoring home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                 COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                                                  NAMES
e380fdc23c78   mysql:5.7.42-oracle   "docker-entrypoint.s…"   2 minutes ago   Up 2 minutes   0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, :::3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp   mysql
[root@service-monitoring home]# 

[root@service-monitoring mysql]# pwd
/home/mysql
[root@service-monitoring mysql]# ll
total 16
drwxr-xr-x 2 root    root 4096 Apr 26 23:36 conf
drwxr-xr-x 5 polkitd root 4096 Apr 26 23:58 data
drwxr-xr-x 2 root    root 4096 Apr 26 23:36 log
drwxr-xr-x 2 polkitd root 4096 Apr 26 23:36 mysql-files
[root@service-monitoring mysql]# 

CONTAINER ID   NAME      CPU %     MEM USAGE / LIMIT     MEM %     NET I/O     BLOCK I/O        PIDS
e380fdc23c78   mysql     0.05%     208.7MiB / 7.795GiB   2.61%     656B / 0B   1.27MB / 289MB   27

CONTAINER ID   NAME      CPU %     MEM USAGE / LIMIT     MEM %     NET I/O     BLOCK I/O        PIDS
e380fdc23c78   mysql     0.06%     208.7MiB / 7.795GiB   2.61%     656B / 0B   1.27MB / 289MB   27
^C
[root@service-monitoring data]# 

mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified with mysql_native_password by 'root';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
# 设置密码永存
mysql> alter user 'root'@'%' identified by 'root' password expire never;
# 允许 root 用户从任何主机登录 MySQL 数据库。MySQL默认会限制用户只能从本地主机登录，为增强系统安全性。但在某些情况下，例如需要远程管理 MySQL 数据库时，需将用户的登录主机限制更改为任意主机
mysql> update user set host='%' where user='root';
# 若已设置过，则会报该错
ERROR 1062 (23000): Duplicate entry '%-root' for key 'PRIMARY'



mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
# Ctrl+D 退出MySQL
mysql> ^DBye
bash-4.2#