ArcEngine + DevPress GIS二次开发：湖北疫情交互式数据分析、地图输出、专题可视化系统具体实现

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发布于 2023-02-11 10:03:01

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文章被收录于专栏：云微的一点分享云微的一点分享

代码github地址：

https://github.com/yunwei37/COVID-19-ArcEngine

实现效果

具体实现效果可参照我的前一篇文章：

https://blog.csdn.net/qq_42779423/article/details/106885322

程序具体实现

数据存储与操作方式：

将湖北市域图形数据存储在shp文件中，通过加载shp按钮进行载入；

选择网易的疫情实时动态播报平台作为数据源，其地址如下：

https://wp.m.163.com/163/page/news/virus_report/index.html?nw=1&anw=1

通过爬虫请求获取数据（从1.1日至5.31日），经过数据清洗后保存为csv文件；

在具有公网ip地址的 windows server 上搭建mysql数据库，将确诊人数数据存入数据库中，连接数据库获取确诊数据信息；可以便于后续在服务器上继续更新数据；

创建了DAO层，将数据库的增删改查等操作封装在工具类中，和具体程序业务逻辑分隔开来，其中包含了三个类：

SqlHelper：创建数据库连接、执行数据库命令、创建MySqlDataReader对象：

其中定义的接口：

public MySqlConnection getMySqlCon();
public int getMySqlCom(string M_str_sqlstr, params MySqlParameter[] parameters);
public DataTable getMySqlRead(string M_str_sqlstr, params MySqlParameter[] parameters);

sqlDataFormat：进行数据格式的修改：

其中定义的接口：

public static string dataFormat(string str);

OperateDatabase：定义了数据库增加、删除、修改、查找的接口；

其中定义的接口：

public static int Insert(string TableName,ArrayList arr);
public static DataTable select(string TableName, ArrayList arr);
public static int Update(string TableName, ArrayList arr,ArrayList arr_where);
public static int Delete(string TableName, ArrayList arr_where);

程序模块设计与文件组织：

程序可以分为以下几个模块：

辅助类：包含和数据库操作相关的DAO层、图例附加属性定义和日志模块；除了上述描述的数据操作类以外，还有：

- EnumMapSurroundType：图例附加属性定义类
- Log: 日志模块类地图操作相关：
主要包含地图操作（平移、缩放），地图渲染，以及地图导出等功能；

- Form1：地图展示和操作相关的实现；
- GisClass：包含了打开MXD文件、shp文件，以及地图渲染的一些辅助函数；属性操作相关
包含在地图上进行空间查询属性、在属性表中进行属性编辑等；

- Form1：属性表编辑和展示等操作
- SeletionForm：进行属性查询
- AddForm：添加数据疫情数据统计模块：
包含对疫情的统计图表生成操作；

- StaticsForm类

从界面美观的角度考虑，我们采用了DevExpress进行开发；DevExpress是一个比较有名的界面控件套件，提供了一系列的界面控件套件的DotNet界面控件。

窗口：

主窗体类为Form1.cs；
进行属性查询选择窗体类为SeletionForm.cs
统计图表类为StaticsForm.cs
添加数据类为AddForm.cs

主要功能实现流程与方法

地图展示和常规地图操作：

采用ArcEngine的mapControl控件进行地图展示：
采用ArcEngine的ToolbarControl控件完成常规的地图操作，如放大、缩小、平移、全图；
加载shp/mxd文件：

打开mxd文件：

  private void openMxd_ItemClick(object sender, DevExpress.XtraBars.ItemClickEventArgs e)
     {
         String MxdPath=GisClass.OpenMxd();
         axMapControl1.LoadMxFile(MxdPath);
     }

 public static string OpenMxd()
     {
         string MxdPath = "";
         OpenFileDialog OpenMXD = new OpenFileDialog();
         OpenMXD.Title = "打开地图";
         OpenMXD.InitialDirectory = "E:";

         OpenMXD.Filter = "Map Documents (*.mxd)|*.mxd";
         if (OpenMXD.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
         {
             MxdPath = OpenMXD.FileName;
         }
         return MxdPath;
     }

打开shp文件：

public static string[] OpenShapeFile()
    {
        string[] ShpFile = new string[2];
        OpenFileDialog OpenShpFile = new OpenFileDialog();
        OpenShpFile.Title = "打开Shape文件";
        OpenShpFile.InitialDirectory = "E:";
        OpenShpFile.Filter = "Shape文件(*.shp)|*.shp";

        if (OpenShpFile.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
        {
            string ShapPath = OpenShpFile.FileName;
            //利用"\\"将文件路径分成两部分
            int Position = ShapPath.LastIndexOf("\\");

            string FilePath = ShapPath.Substring(0, Position);
            string ShpName = ShapPath.Substring(Position + 1);
            ShpFile[0] = FilePath;

            ShpFile[1] = ShpName;

        }
        else
        {
            return null;
        }
        return ShpFile;
    }

每日疫情分布显示：

通过打开shp文件按钮加载市域.shp，再遍历图层获取湖北市域空间数据；如未加载，系统会报错如下：

    //遍历，寻找市域图层
        for (int i = 0; i < this.axMapControl1.Map.LayerCount; i++) {
            ILayer layer1 = this.axMapControl1.Map.get_Layer(i);
            if (layer1.Name == "市域")
            {
                layer = layer1 as IFeatureLayer;
                break;
            }
        }
        if (layer == null) {
            MessageBox.Show("请打开市域图层");
            return;
        }

点击每日疫情按钮，首先获取图层的相应字段，然后根据选择的日期在数据库中进行查询，获取疫情数据；

//获取图层字段，没有则添加一个num字段
        IFeatureClass featureClass = layer.FeatureClass;
        int isExist=featureClass.FindField("num");
        if (isExist == -1) { 
            //添加一个字段
            IFields pFields = featureClass.Fields;
            IFieldsEdit pFieldsEdit = pFields as IFieldsEdit;
            IField fld = new FieldClass();
            IFieldEdit2 fldE = fld as IFieldEdit2;
            fldE.Name_2 = "num";
            fldE.AliasName_2 = "数量";
            fldE.Type_2 = esriFieldType.esriFieldTypeSingle;
            featureClass.AddField(fld);
        }
        //给字段赋值
        IFeatureCursor pFtCursor = featureClass.Search(null, false);
        IFeature pFt = pFtCursor.NextFeature();
        int index1 = pFt.Fields.FindField("num");
        IDataset dataset = (IDataset)featureClass;
        IWorkspace workspace = dataset.Workspace;
        IWorkspaceEdit workspaceEdit = (IWorkspaceEdit)workspace;
        workspaceEdit.StartEditing(true);
        workspaceEdit.StartEditOperation();
        while (pFt != null) {
            int index = pFt.Fields.FindField("code");
            String code = pFt.get_Value(index).ToString();

            DataRow[] drs=dt.Select("CODE=" + code);
            DataTable dtNew = dt.Clone();
            for (int i = 0; i < drs.Length; i++)
            {
                dtNew.ImportRow(drs[i]);

            }
            String num = dtNew.Rows[0]["AllConfiemed"].ToString();
            if (num == "") {
                num = "0";
            }

            pFt.set_Value(index1,  Convert.ToInt32(num));
            pFt.Store();
            pFt = pFtCursor.NextFeature();
        }

根据获取的数据对图层进行渲染

GisClass.ClassRender(this.axMapControl1.ActiveView, layer, 6, "num");

空间查询操作：

通过点击图形按钮，绘制多边形、圆、矩形等；

如绘制多边形：先设置绘制类型为多边形，再创建一个多边形元素，设置相应属性，在pGraphicsContainer中添加该多边形；然后鼠标点击时追踪多边形，并局部刷新map

    private void drawPolygon_ItemClick(object sender, DevExpress.XtraBars.ItemClickEventArgs e)
    {
        this.type = 1;
        IPolygonElement polygonElement = new PolygonElementClass();
        pElement = polygonElement as IElement;
        ISimpleFillSymbol simpleFill = new SimpleFillSymbolClass();
        simpleFill.Style = esriSimpleFillStyle.esriSFSNull;
        simpleFill.Color = GisClass.GetRgbColor(255,0,0);
        //设置边线颜色
        ILineSymbol lineSymbol = new SimpleLineSymbol();
        lineSymbol.Color = GisClass.GetRgbColor(255, 0, 0);
        IFillShapeElement shapeEle = pElement as IFillShapeElement;

        simpleFill.Outline = lineSymbol;
        shapeEle.Symbol = simpleFill;
        pGraphicsContainer.AddElement(pElement, 0);
    
      
    }
    private void axMapControl1_OnMouseDown(object sender, IMapControlEvents2_OnMouseDownEvent e{
    .......
            if (this.type == 1)
            {

                IGeometry Polygon = axMapControl1.TrackPolygon();
                pElement.Geometry = Polygon;
                axMapControl1.ActiveView.PartialRefresh(esriViewDrawPhase.esriViewBackground, null, null);
            }
    ......
    }

通过点击查询，对所选范围执行空间查询操作，对地图上查询到的部分进行高亮显示；

private void query_btn_ItemClick(object sender, DevExpress.XtraBars.ItemClickEventArgs e)
    {
        ArrayList arr = new ArrayList();
        DataTable dt = OperateDatabase.select("data", arr);
        this.gridControl1.DataSource = dt;
        this.tabControl2.SelectedIndex = 1;
    }

点击进行属性查询，打开属性表；

    private void shapeQuery_ItemClick(object sender, DevExpress.XtraBars.ItemClickEventArgs e)
    {
        axMapControl1.Map.ClearSelection();
        IGraphicsContainer graphicsContainer = axMapControl1.Map as IGraphicsContainer;
        graphicsContainer.Reset();
        IElement element = graphicsContainer.Next();
        //获取图形几何信息
        if (element == null) {
            MessageBox.Show("请在工具栏选择绘制矩形，多边形，或者圆");
            return;
        }
        IGeometry geometry = element.Geometry;
        axMapControl1.Map.SelectByShape(geometry,null,false);
        //进行部分刷新显示最新要素
        axMapControl1.ActiveView.PartialRefresh(esriViewDrawPhase.esriViewGeoSelection,null,axMapControl1.ActiveView.Extent);
    }

属性数据编辑：

在属性数据的页面中，可以点击查询、增加、删除等按钮进行属性数据的编辑；

修改单元格内容：

        //获取修改的单元格
        string CellValue = this.gridView1.GetFocusedValue().ToString();
        //获取单元格的列名
        string ColumnName = this.gridView1.FocusedColumn.FieldName;
        //获取所在列的id
        DataRow dr = this.gridView1.GetDataRow(e.RowHandle);
        string id = dr["id"].ToString();
        //修改
        ArrayList arr = new ArrayList();
        if (ColumnName == "name" || ColumnName == "YMD")
        {
            arr.Add(ColumnName + ":'" + CellValue + "'");
        }
        else
        {
            arr.Add(ColumnName + ":" + CellValue);               
        }
        ArrayList arr_where = new ArrayList();
        arr_where.Add("id:" + id);
        int result = OperateDatabase.Update("data", arr, arr_where);
        if (result == 0)
        {
            MessageBox.Show("该值修改失败");
        }

添加数据：

private void add_btn_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        ArrayList arr = new ArrayList();
        arr.Add("code:"+this.textBox_code.Text);
        arr.Add("name:'" + this.textBox_name.Text+"'");
        arr.Add("YMD:'" + this.date_edit.Text+"'");
        arr.Add("AllConfiemed:" + this.spinEdit_AllConfiemed.Text);
        arr.Add("CurConfirmeed:" + this.spinEdit_CurConfirmeed.Text);
        arr.Add("Cured:" + this.spinEdit_Cured.Text);
        arr.Add("Death:" + this.spinEdit_Death.Text);
        int result = OperateDatabase.Insert("data",arr);
        if (result == 1)
        {
            MessageBox.Show("添加成功");
            return;
        }else {
            MessageBox.Show("添加失败");
            return;
        }
    }

属性查询结果：

在属性查询结果中是以树的方式展示不同图层的查询结果：

    private void treeView1_NodeMouseClick(object sender, TreeNodeMouseClickEventArgs e)
    {
        this.gridView1.Columns.Clear();
        currentLayer = e.Node.Tag as IFeatureLayer;
        if (currentLayer == null) {
            return;
        }
        IFeatureSelection featureSelection = currentLayer as IFeatureSelection;
        //获取选中得要素几何
        ISelectionSet selectionSet = featureSelection.SelectionSet;
        //获取字段
        IFields fields = currentLayer.FeatureClass.Fields;
        DataTable dt = new DataTable();
        for (int i = 0; i < fields.FieldCount; i++) {
            dt.Columns.Add(fields.get_Field(i).Name);
        }
        //获取整个数据集
        ICursor cursor;
        selectionSet.Search(null,false,out cursor);
        //获取每个要素
        IFeatureCursor featureCursor = cursor as IFeatureCursor;
        //遍历
        IFeature feature = featureCursor.NextFeature();
        String[] strs;
        while (feature != null) {
            strs = new String[fields.FieldCount];
            for (int i = 0; i < fields.FieldCount; i++) {
                strs[i] = feature.get_Value(i).ToString();
            }
            dt.Rows.Add(strs);
            feature = featureCursor.NextFeature();
        }
        this.gridControl1.DataSource = dt;
       
    }

疫情统计：

在主页面上点击疫情统计，可显示查询窗口，其中可完成对于疫情统计图表的生成和查看；

private void statics_btn_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        //查询起始日期的数字
        if (this.dateEdit_start.Text == "" || this.dateEdit_target.Text == "") {
            MessageBox.Show("请填写起止日期");
            return;
        }
        ArrayList arr1 = new ArrayList();
        arr1.Add("YMD:'" + this.dateEdit_start.Text + "'");
        DataTable dt1 = OperateDatabase.select("data",arr1);
        ArrayList arr2 = new ArrayList();
        arr1.Add("YMD:'" + this.dateEdit_target.Text + "'");
        DataTable dt2 = OperateDatabase.select("data", arr1);
        Series s1 = this.chartControl1.Series[0];
        s1.DataSource = dt1;
        s1.ArgumentDataMember = "name";
        s1.ValueDataMembers[0] = "CurConfirmeed";
    }

轨迹分析：

通过日期框进行日期区间的选择；
轨迹数据已存放在数据库中，通过sql查询载入轨迹数据：
进行轨迹查询：
绘制轨迹：

    if (this.start_time.EditValue == "" || this.end_time.EditValue == "") {
            MessageBox.Show("请选择起止日期");
            return;
        }
        SqlHelper help = new SqlHelper();
        String sql = "select * from route where tm between '" + this.start_time.EditValue + "' and '" + this.end_time.EditValue+"'";
        DataTable dt = help.getMySqlRead(sql);
        ISimpleMarkerSymbol simpleMarkerSymbol = new SimpleMarkerSymbol();
        simpleMarkerSymbol.Style = esriSimpleMarkerStyle.esriSMSCircle;
        IColor color = GisClass.GetRgbColor(0,255,0);
        simpleMarkerSymbol.Color = color;
        ILineElement lineElement = new LineElementClass();
        IElement ele1 = lineElement as IElement;
        ISegment pSegment;
        ILine pLine=null;
        object o = Type.Missing;
        ISegmentCollection pPath = new PathClass();
        for (int i = 0; i < dt.Rows.Count; i++) {

            IMarkerElement markerEle = new MarkerElementClass();
            IElement ele=markerEle as IElement;
            IPoint point = new PointClass();
            markerEle.Symbol = simpleMarkerSymbol;
            point.PutCoords(Double.Parse(dt.Rows[i]["x"].ToString()),Double.Parse(dt.Rows[i]["y"].ToString()));
            ele.Geometry = point;
            pGraphicsContainer.AddElement(ele,0);
            //逐段添加线
            if (i > 0 && i < dt.Rows.Count) {
                IPoint point1 = new PointClass();
                point1.PutCoords(Double.Parse(dt.Rows[i-1]["x"].ToString()), Double.Parse(dt.Rows[i-1]["y"].ToString()));
                pLine = new LineClass();
                pLine.PutCoords(point1, point);
                pSegment = pLine as ISegment;
                pPath.AddSegment(pSegment, ref o, ref o);
            }
          
           
            axMapControl1.ActiveView.PartialRefresh(esriViewDrawPhase.esriViewBackground, null, null);
        }
        IGeometryCollection pPolyline = new PolylineClass();
        pPolyline.AddGeometry(pPath as IGeometry, ref o, ref o);
        IPolyline polyline = pPolyline as IPolyline;
        //获取范围
        IEnvelope ev = polyline.Envelope;
        this.axMapControl1.ActiveView.Extent = ev;
        ele1.Geometry = pPolyline as IPolyline;
        pGraphicsContainer.AddElement(ele1, 0);

每日疫情图输出：

添加图例：可为地图添加指北针、比例尺等；

添加指北针：

void addNorthArrow(IPageLayout pPageLayout, IEnvelope pEnv, IActiveView pActiveView)
    {
        if (pPageLayout == null || pActiveView == null)
        {
            return;
        }
     

        ESRI.ArcGIS.esriSystem.IUID uid = new ESRI.ArcGIS.esriSystem.UIDClass();
        uid.Value = "esriCarto.MarkerNorthArrow";

        ESRI.ArcGIS.Carto.IGraphicsContainer graphicsContainer = pPageLayout as ESRI.ArcGIS.Carto.IGraphicsContainer; 
        ESRI.ArcGIS.Carto.IActiveView activeView = pPageLayout as ESRI.ArcGIS.Carto.IActiveView; 
        ESRI.ArcGIS.Carto.IFrameElement frameElement = graphicsContainer.FindFrame(pActiveView.FocusMap);
        ESRI.ArcGIS.Carto.IMapFrame mapFrame = frameElement as ESRI.ArcGIS.Carto.IMapFrame; // Dynamic Cast
        ESRI.ArcGIS.Carto.IMapSurroundFrame mapSurroundFrame = mapFrame.CreateSurroundFrame(uid as ESRI.ArcGIS.esriSystem.UID, null); // Dynamic Cast
        ESRI.ArcGIS.Carto.IElement element = mapSurroundFrame as ESRI.ArcGIS.Carto.IElement; // Dynamic Cast
        element.Geometry = pEnv;
        element.Activate(activeView.ScreenDisplay);
        graphicsContainer.AddElement(element, 0);
        ESRI.ArcGIS.Carto.IMapSurround mapSurround = mapSurroundFrame.MapSurround;

        // Change out the default north arrow
        ESRI.ArcGIS.Carto.IMarkerNorthArrow markerNorthArrow = mapSurround as ESRI.ArcGIS.Carto.IMarkerNorthArrow; // Dynamic Cast
        ESRI.ArcGIS.Display.IMarkerSymbol markerSymbol = markerNorthArrow.MarkerSymbol;
        ESRI.ArcGIS.Display.ICharacterMarkerSymbol characterMarkerSymbol = markerSymbol as ESRI.ArcGIS.Display.ICharacterMarkerSymbol; // Dynamic Cast
        characterMarkerSymbol.CharacterIndex = 200; // change the symbol for the North Arrow
        markerNorthArrow.MarkerSymbol = characterMarkerSymbol;
    }

添加比例尺：

public void makeScaleBar(IActiveView pActiveView, IPageLayout pPageLayout, IEnvelope pEnv)
    {
        IGraphicsContainer container = pPageLayout as IGraphicsContainer;
        // 获得MapFrame  
        IFrameElement frameElement = container.FindFrame(pActiveView.FocusMap);
        IMapFrame mapFrame = frameElement as IMapFrame;
        //根据MapSurround的uid，创建相应的MapSurroundFrame和MapSurround  
        UID uid = new UIDClass();
        uid.Value = "esriCarto.AlternatingScaleBar";
        IMapSurroundFrame mapSurroundFrame = mapFrame.CreateSurroundFrame(uid, null);
        //设置MapSurroundFrame中比例尺的样式  
        IMapSurround mapSurround = mapSurroundFrame.MapSurround;
        IScaleBar markerScaleBar = ((IScaleBar)mapSurround);
        markerScaleBar.LabelPosition = esriVertPosEnum.esriBelow;
        markerScaleBar.UseMapSettings();
        //QI，确定mapSurroundFrame的位置  
        IElement element = mapSurroundFrame as IElement;

        element.Geometry = pEnv;
        //使用IGraphicsContainer接口添加显示  
        container.AddElement(element, 0);
        pActiveView.Refresh();  
    }
    #endregion

点击输出按钮，可将疫情图输出为多种格式：

如导出为图片：

private void ExportMapToImage()
    {
        try
        {
            SaveFileDialog pSaveDialog = new SaveFileDialog();
            pSaveDialog.FileName = "";
            pSaveDialog.Filter = "JPG图片(*.JPG)|*.jpg|tif图片(*.tif)|*.tif|PDF文档(*.PDF)|*.pdf";
            if (pSaveDialog.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
            {
                double iScreenDispalyResolution =this.axPageLayoutControl1.ActiveView.ScreenDisplay.DisplayTransformation.Resolution;// 获取屏幕分辨率的值
                IExporter pExporter = null;
                if (pSaveDialog.FilterIndex == 1)
                {
                    pExporter = new JpegExporterClass();
                }
                else if (pSaveDialog.FilterIndex == 2)
                {
                    pExporter = new TiffExporterClass();
                }
                else if (pSaveDialog.FilterIndex == 3)
                {
                    pExporter = new PDFExporterClass();
                }
                pExporter.ExportFileName = pSaveDialog.FileName;
                pExporter.Resolution = (short)iScreenDispalyResolution; //分辨率
                tagRECT deviceRect = this.axPageLayoutControl1.ActiveView.ScreenDisplay.DisplayTransformation.get_DeviceFrame();
                IEnvelope pDeviceEnvelope = new EnvelopeClass();
                pDeviceEnvelope.PutCoords(deviceRect.left, deviceRect.bottom, deviceRect.right, deviceRect.top);
                pExporter.PixelBounds = pDeviceEnvelope; // 输出图片的范围
                ITrackCancel pCancle = new CancelTrackerClass();//可用ESC键取消操作
                this.axPageLayoutControl1.ActiveView.Output(pExporter.StartExporting(), pExporter.Resolution, ref deviceRect, this.axPageLayoutControl1.ActiveView.Extent, pCancle);
                Application.DoEvents();
                pExporter.FinishExporting();
            }

        }
        catch (Exception Err)
        {
            MessageBox.Show(Err.Message, "输出图片", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information);
        }
    }

除了导出为图片之外，支持多种其他格式，如pdf、jpg等

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原始发表：2020-06-21，如有侵权请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除

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