2023前端二面高频vue面试题集锦1

get () { 
    pushTarget(this) // 先将当前依赖放到 Dep.target上 
    let value 
    const vm = this.vm 
    try { 
        value = this.getter.call(vm, vm) 
    } catch (e) { 
        if (this.user) { 
            handleError(e, vm, `getter for watcher "${this.expression}"`) 
        } else { 
            throw e 
        } 
    } finally { 
        if (this.deep) { // 如果需要深度监控 
        traverse(value) // 会对对象中的每一项取值,取值时会执行对应的get方法 
    }popTarget() 
}

<template>
    <div id="content">
        <p class="text">静态文本</p>
        <p class="text">静态文本</p>
        <p class="text">{ message }</p>
        <p class="text">静态文本</p>
        ...
        <p class="text">静态文本</p>
    </div>
</template>

export function render(_ctx, _cache, $props, $setup, $data, $options) {
 return (_openBlock(), _createBlock("div", null, [
  _createVNode("p", null, "'HelloWorld'"),
  _createVNode("p", null, _toDisplayString(_ctx.msg), 1 /* TEXT */)
                        //上面这个1就是静态标记
 ]))
}

TEXT = 1 // 动态文本节点
CLASS=1<<1,1 // 2//动态class
STYLE=1<<2，// 4 //动态style
PROPS=1<<3,// 8 //动态属性，但不包含类名和样式
FULLPR0PS=1<<4,// 16 //具有动态key属性，当key改变时，需要进行完整的diff比较。
HYDRATE_ EVENTS = 1 << 5，// 32 //带有监听事件的节点
STABLE FRAGMENT = 1 << 6, // 64 //一个不会改变子节点顺序的fragment
KEYED_ FRAGMENT = 1 << 7, // 128 //带有key属性的fragment 或部分子字节有key
UNKEYED FRAGMENT = 1<< 8, // 256 //子节点没有key 的fragment
NEED PATCH = 1 << 9, // 512 //一个节点只会进行非props比较
DYNAMIC_SLOTS = 1 << 10 // 1024 // 动态slot
HOISTED = -1 // 静态节点
// 指示在diff算法中退出优化模式
BALL = -2

<p>HelloWorld</p>
<p>HelloWorld</p>

<p>{ message }</p>

export function render(_ctx, _cache, $props, $setup, $data, $options) {
 return (_openBlock(), _createBlock("div", null, [
  _createVNode("p", null, "'HelloWorld'"),
  _createVNode("p", null, "'HelloWorld'"),
  _createVNode("p", null, _toDisplayString(_ctx.msg), 1 /* TEXT */)
 ]))
}

const _hoisted_1 = /*#__PURE__*/_createVNode("p", null, "'HelloWorld'", -1 /* HOISTED */)
const _hoisted_2 = /*#__PURE__*/_createVNode("p", null, "'HelloWorld'", -1 /* HOISTED */)

export function render(_ctx, _cache, $props, $setup, $data, $options) {
 return (_openBlock(), _createBlock("div", null, [
  _hoisted_1,
  _hoisted_2,
  _createVNode("p", null, _toDisplayString(_ctx.msg), 1 /* TEXT */)
 ]))
}

<div>
 <button @click = 'onClick'>点我</button>
</div>

export const render = /*#__PURE__*/_withId(function render(_ctx, _cache, $props, $setup, $data, $options) {
 return (_openBlock(), _createBlock("div", null, [
  _createVNode("button", { onClick: _ctx.onClick }, "点我", 8 /* PROPS */, ["onClick"])
                       // PROPS=1<<3,// 8 //动态属性，但不包含类名和样式
 ]))
})

export function render(_ctx, _cache, $props, $setup, $data, $options) {
 return (_openBlock(), _createBlock("div", null, [
  _createVNode("button", {
   onClick: _cache[1] || (_cache[1] = (...args) => (_ctx.onClick(...args)))
  }, "点我")
 ]))
}

<div>
    <div>
        <span>你好</span>
    </div>
    ...  // 很多个静态属性
    <div>
        <span>{{ message }}</span>
    </div>
</div>

import { mergeProps as _mergeProps } from "vue"
import { ssrRenderAttrs as _ssrRenderAttrs, ssrInterpolate as _ssrInterpolate } from "@vue/server-renderer"

export function ssrRender(_ctx, _push, _parent, _attrs, $props, $setup, $data, $options) {
  const _cssVars = { style: { color: _ctx.color }}
  _push(`<div${
    _ssrRenderAttrs(_mergeProps(_attrs, _cssVars))
  }><div><span>你好</span>...<div><span>你好</span><div><span>${
    _ssrInterpolate(_ctx.message)
  }</span></div></div>`)
}

import { computed, defineComponent, ref } from 'vue';
export default defineComponent({
  setup(props, context) {
    const age = ref(18)

    let state = reactive({
      name: 'test'
    })

    const readOnlyAge = computed(() => age.value++) // 19

    return {
        age,
        state,
        readOnlyAge
    }
  }
});

<template>
  <li>
    <div> {{ model.name }}</div>
    <ul v-show="isOpen" v-if="isFolder">
      <!-- 注意这里：组件递归渲染了它自己 -->
      <TreeItem
        class="item"
        v-for="model in model.children"
        :model="model">
      </TreeItem>
    </ul>
  </li>
<script>
export default {
  name: 'TreeItem',
  // ...
}
</script>

const _component_Comp = _resolveComponent("Comp", true)

export function resolveComponent(
  name: string,
  maybeSelfReference?: boolean
): ConcreteComponent | string {
  return resolveAsset(COMPONENTS, name, true, maybeSelfReference) || name
}

if (!res && maybeSelfReference) {
    // fallback to implicit self-reference
    return Component
}

props: ['initialCounter'],
data: function () {
  return {
    counter: this.initialCounter
  }
}

props: ['size'],
computed: {
  normalizedSize: function () {
    return this.size.trim().toLowerCase()
  }
}

<keep-alive>
  <component :is="view"></component>
</keep-alive>

<router-view v-slot="{ Component }">
  <keep-alive>
    <component :is="Component"></component>
  </keep-alive>
</router-view>

beforeRouteEnter(to, from, next){
  next(vm=>{
    console.log(vm)
    // 每次进入路由执行
    vm.getData()  // 获取数据
  })
},

activated(){
    this.getData() // 获取数据
},

<template>
</template>
<script>
export default{ 
    ...
}
</script>
<style>
</style>

<template id="testComponent">     // 组件显示的内容
    <div>component!</div>   
</template>

Vue.component('componentA',{ 
    template: '#testComponent'  
    template: `<div>component</div>`  // 组件内容少可以通过这种形式
})

MyPlugin.install = function (Vue, options) {
  // 1. 添加全局方法或 property
  Vue.myGlobalMethod = function () {
    // 逻辑...
  }

  // 2. 添加全局资源
  Vue.directive('my-directive', {
    bind (el, binding, vnode, oldVnode) {
      // 逻辑...
    }
    ...
  })

  // 3. 注入组件选项
  Vue.mixin({
    created: function () {
      // 逻辑...
    }
    ...
  })

  // 4. 添加实例方法
  Vue.prototype.$myMethod = function (methodOptions) {
    // 逻辑...
  }
}

Vue.component('my-component-name', { /* ... */ })

const component1 = {...} // 定义一个组件

export default {
    components:{
        component1   // 局部注册
    }
}

Vue.use(插件名字,{ /* ... */} )

<!-- vue3 -->
<script setup>
  // vue3写法
</script>

<!-- 降级vue2 -->
<script>
  export default {
    data() {},
    methods: {}
  }
</script>

components:{ 
  AddCustomerSchedule:(resolve)=>import("../components/AddCustomer") // require([]) 
}

export function ( Ctor: Class<Component> | Function | Object | void, data: ?VNodeData, context: Component, children: ?Array<VNode>, tag?: string ): VNode | Array<VNode> | void { 
    // async component 
    let asyncFactory 
    if (isUndef(Ctor.cid)) { 
        asyncFactory = Ctor 
        Ctor = resolveAsyncComponent(asyncFactory, baseCtor) // 默认调用此函数时返回 undefiend 
        // 第二次渲染时Ctor不为undefined 
        if (Ctor === undefined) { 
            return createAsyncPlaceholder( // 渲染占位符 空虚拟节点 
                asyncFactory, 
                data, 
                context, 
                children, 
                tag 
            ) 
        } 
    } 
}
function resolveAsyncComponent ( factory: Function, baseCtor: Class<Component> ): Class<Component> | void { 
    if (isDef(factory.resolved)) { 
        // 3.在次渲染时可以拿到获取的最新组件 
        return factory.resolved 
    }
    const resolve = once((res: Object | Class<Component>) => { 
        factory.resolved = ensureCtor(res, baseCtor) 
        if (!sync) { 
            forceRender(true) //2. 强制更新视图重新渲染 
        } else { 
            owners.length = 0 
        } 
    })
    const reject = once(reason => { 
        if (isDef(factory.errorComp)) { 
            factory.error = true forceRender(true) 
        } 
    })
    const res = factory(resolve, reject)// 1.将resolve方法和reject方法传入，用户调用 resolve方法后 
    sync = false 
    return factory.resolved 
}

const props = defineProps(['foo'])
// ❌ 下面行为会被警告, props是只读的!
props.foo = 'bar'

const props = defineProps(['initialCounter'])
const counter = ref(props.initialCounter)

const props = defineProps(['size'])
// prop变化，计算属性自动更新
const normalizedSize = computed(() => props.size.trim().toLowerCase())

<template>
  <child :msg="message"></child>
</template>

<script>
import child from './child.vue';
export default {
  components: {
    child
  },
  data () {
    return {
      message: 'father message';
    }
  }
}
</script>

<template>
    <div>{{msg}}</div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  props: {
    msg: {
      type: String,
      required: true
    }
  }
}
</script>

// 父组件Parent.vue：
<Child :changeMsgFn="changeMessage">
methods: {
    changeMessage(){
        this.message = 'test'
    }
}

// 子组件Child.vue：
<button @click="changeMsgFn">
props:['changeMsgFn']

<template>
    <child @msgFunc="func"></child>
</template>

<script>
import child from './child.vue';
export default {
    components: {
        child
    },
    methods: {
        func (msg) {
            console.log(msg);
        }
    }
}
</script>

<template>
    <button @click="handleClick">点我</button>
</template>

<script>
export default {
    props: {
        msg: {
            type: String,
            required: true
        }
    },
    methods () {
        handleClick () {
          //........
          this.$emit('msgFunc');
        }
    }
}
</script>

export default {
  data() {
    return {
      title: '我是父组件',
      name: 'poetry'
    }
  },
  methods: {
    say() {
      alert(1)
    }
  },
  // provide属性 能够为后面的后代组件/嵌套的组件提供所需要的变量和方法
  provide() {
    return {
      message: '我是祖先组件提供的数据',
      name: this.name, // 传递属性
      say: this.say
    }
  }
}

<template>
  <p>曾孙组件</p>
  <p>{{message}}</p>
</template>
<script>
export default {
  // inject 注入/接收祖先组件传递的所需要的数据即可 
  //接收到的数据 变量 跟data里面的变量一样 可以直接绑定到页面 {{}}
  inject: [ "message","say"],
  mounted() {
    this.say();
  },
};
</script>

<!-- parent.vue -->
<template>
<div>
  <child1></child1>   
  <child2></child2> 
  <button @click="clickChild">$children方式获取子组件值</button>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import child1 from './child1'
import child2 from './child2'
export default {
  data(){
    return {
      total: 108
    }
  },
  components: {
    child1,
    child2  
  },
  methods: {
    funa(e){
      console.log("index",e)
    },
    clickChild(){
      console.log(this.$children[0].msg);
      console.log(this.$children[1].msg);
    }
  }
}
</script>

<!-- child1.vue -->
<template>
  <div>
    <button @click="parentClick">点击访问父组件</button>
  </div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
  data(){
    return {
      msg:"child1"
    }
  },
  methods: {
    // 访问父组件数据
    parentClick(){
      this.$parent.funa("xx")
      console.log(this.$parent.total);
    }
  }
}
</script>

<!-- child2.vue -->
<template>
  <div>
    child2
  </div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
  data(){
    return {
     msg: 'child2'
    }
  }
}
</script>

// 父组件Parent.vue：
<Child :name="name" :age="age"/>

// 子组件Child.vue：
<GrandChild v-bind="$attrs" />

// 孙子组件GrandChild
<p>姓名：{{$attrs.name}}</p>
<p>年龄：{{$attrs.age}}</p>

// 父组件Parent.vue：
<Child :name="name" :age="age" @changeNameFn="changeName"/>

// 子组件Child.vue：
<button @click="$listeners.changeNameFn"></button>

// 父组件Parent.vue：
<Child ref="childComp"/>
<button @click="changeName"></button>
changeName(){
    console.log(this.$refs.childComp.age);
    this.$refs.childComp.changeAge()
}

// 子组件Child.vue：
data(){
    return{
        age:20
    }
},
methods(){
    changeAge(){
        this.age=15
  }
}

// Bus.js

// 创建一个中央时间总线类  
class Bus {  
  constructor() {  
    this.callbacks = {};   // 存放事件的名字  
  }  
  $on(name, fn) {  
    this.callbacks[name] = this.callbacks[name] || [];  
    this.callbacks[name].push(fn);  
  }  
  $emit(name, args) {  
    if (this.callbacks[name]) {  
      this.callbacks[name].forEach((cb) => cb(args));  
    }  
  }  
}  

// main.js  
Vue.prototype.$bus = new Bus() // 将$bus挂载到vue实例的原型上  
// 另一种方式  
Vue.prototype.$bus = new Vue() // Vue已经实现了Bus的功能  

<template>
    <button @click="toBus">子组件传给兄弟组件</button>
</template>

<script>
export default{
    methods: {
    toBus () {
      this.$bus.$emit('foo', '来自兄弟组件')
    }
  }
}
</script>

export default {
  data() {
    return {
      message: ''
    }
  },
  mounted() {
    this.$bus.$on('foo', (msg) => {
      this.message = msg
    })
  }
}

var vm = new Vue({
  el: "#app",
  data() {
    return {
      rootInfo:"我是根元素的属性"
    }
  },
  methods: {
    alerts() {
      alert(111)
    }
  },
  components: {
    com1: {
      data() {
        return {
          info: "组件1"
        }
      },
      template: "<p>{{ info }} <com2></com2></p>",
      components: {
        com2: {
          template: "<p>我是组件1的子组件</p>",
          created() {
            this.$root.alerts()// 根组件方法
            console.log(this.$root.rootInfo)// 我是根元素的属性
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
});

const app = createApp({
    watch: {
      '$store.state.counter'() {
        console.log('counter change!');
      }
    }
})

store.subscribe((mutation, state) => {
    if (mutation.type === 'add') {
      console.log('counter change in subscribe()!');
    }
})

// 在src目录下新建一个directive文件，在此文件夹下新建一个index.js文件夹，接着输入如下内容
const directives =  (app) => {
  //这里是给元素取得名字，虽然是focus，但是实际引用的时候必须以v开头
  app.directive('focus',{
    //这里的el就是获取的元素
    mounted(el) {
      el.focus() 
     }
  })
}

//默认导出 directives
export default directives

// 在全局注册directive
import { createApp } from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import router from './router'
import store from './store'
import directives from './directives'

const app = createApp(App)
directives(app)

app.use(store).use(router).mount('#app')

<!-- 在你需要的页面进行自定义指令的使用 -->
<template>
  <div class="container">
    <div class="content">
      <input type="text"  v-focus>
      内容
    </div>
  </div>
</template>

<script setup>
import { reactive, ref } from 'vue'
// const vMove:Directive = () =>{

// }
</script>

<input type="text" v-model="value" v-focus>

<script setup>
//直接写，但是必须是v开头
const vFocus = {
  mounted(el) {
    // 获取input，并调用其focus()方法
    el.focus()
  }
}
</script>

<!-- demo 进去页面自动获取焦点，然后让盒子的颜色根据你input框输入的内容变色，并且作防抖处理 -->

<template>
  <div class="container">
    <div class="content" v-move="{ background: value }">
      内容
      <input type="text" v-model="value" v-focus @keyup="see">
    </div>
  </div>
</template>

<script setup>
import { reactive, ref } from 'vue'
const value = ref('')

const vFocus = {
  mounted(el) {
    // 获取input，并调用其focus()方法
    el.focus()
  }
}

let timer = null

const vMove = (el, binding) => {
  if (timer !== null) {
    clearTimeout(timer)
  }
  timer = setTimeout(() => {
    el.style.background = binding.value.background
    console.log(el);
  }, 1000);
}

</script>

<style lang="scss" scoped>
.container {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;

  .content {
    border-top: 5px solid black;
    width: 200px;
    height: 200px;
    cursor: pointer;
    border-left: 1px solid #ccc;
    border-right: 1px solid #ccc;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;
  }
}
</style>

const createElement = (vnode) => {
  let tag = vnode.tag;
  let attrs = vnode.attrs || {};
  let children = vnode.children || [];
  if(!tag) {
    return null;
  }
  //创建元素
  let elem = document.createElement(tag);
  //属性
  let attrName;
  for (attrName in attrs) {
    if(attrs.hasOwnProperty(attrName)) {
      elem.setAttribute(attrName, attrs[attrName]);
    }
  }
  //子元素
  children.forEach(childVnode => {
    //给elem添加子元素
    elem.appendChild(createElement(childVnode));
  })

  //返回真实的dom元素
  return elem;
}

function updateChildren(vnode, newVnode) {
  let children = vnode.children || [];
  let newChildren = newVnode.children || [];

  children.forEach((childVnode, index) => {
    let newChildVNode = newChildren[index];
    if(childVnode.tag === newChildVNode.tag) {
      //深层次对比, 递归过程
      updateChildren(childVnode, newChildVNode);
    } else {
      //替换
      replaceNode(childVnode, newChildVNode);
    }
  })
}

Vue.set( target, propertyName/index, value )

function set (target: Array<any> | Object, key: any, val: any): any {
  ...
  defineReactive(ob.value, key, val)
  ob.dep.notify()
  return val
}

function defineReactive(obj, key, val) {
    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {
        get() {
            console.log(`get ${key}:${val}`);
            return val
        },
        set(newVal) {
            if (newVal !== val) {
                console.log(`set ${key}:${newVal}`);
                val = newVal
            }
        }
    })
}

this.someObject = Object.assign({},this.someObject,{newProperty1:1,newProperty2:2 ...})

// https://github.com/vuejs/vue-next/blob/3cd30c5245da0733f9eb6f29d220f39c46518162/packages/runtime-dom/src/directives/vShow.ts
export const vShow: ObjectDirective<VShowElement> = {
  beforeMount(el, { value }, { transition }) {
    el._vod = el.style.display === 'none' ? '' : el.style.display
    if (transition && value) {
      transition.beforeEnter(el)
    } else {
      setDisplay(el, value)
    }
  },
  mounted(el, { value }, { transition }) {
    if (transition && value) {
      transition.enter(el)
    }
  },
  updated(el, { value, oldValue }, { transition }) {
    // ...
  },
  beforeUnmount(el, { value }) {
    setDisplay(el, value)
  }
}

// https://github.com/vuejs/vue-next/blob/cdc9f336fd/packages/compiler-core/src/transforms/vIf.ts
export const transformIf = createStructuralDirectiveTransform(
  /^(if|else|else-if)$/,
  (node, dir, context) => {
    return processIf(node, dir, context, (ifNode, branch, isRoot) => {
      // ...
      return () => {
        if (isRoot) {
          ifNode.codegenNode = createCodegenNodeForBranch(
            branch,
            key,
            context
          ) as IfConditionalExpression
        } else {
          // attach this branch's codegen node to the v-if root.
          const parentCondition = getParentCondition(ifNode.codegenNode!)
          parentCondition.alternate = createCodegenNodeForBranch(
            branch,
            key + ifNode.branches.length - 1,
            context
          )
        }
      }
    })
  }
)

window.history.pushState(state,title,url)
//state：需要保存的数据，这个数据在触发popstate事件时，可以在event.state里获取
//title：标题，基本没用，一般传null
//url：设定新的历史纪录的url。新的url与当前url的origin必须是一样的，否则会抛出错误。url可以时绝对路径，也可以是相对路径。
//如 当前url是 https://www.baidu.com/a/,执行history.pushState(null, null, './qq/')，则变成 https://www.baidu.com/a/qq/，
//执行history.pushState(null, null, '/qq/')，则变成 https://www.baidu.com/qq/

window.history.replaceState(state,title,url)
//与pushState 基本相同，但她是修改当前历史纪录，而 pushState 是创建新的历史纪录