最近做的一个vue3项目过程中,需要用到cron表达式功能,而对于普通业务人员,他们是不懂cron表达式规则的,所以需要做一个可手动配置生成cron表达式的功能。从网上查找了一些相关资料,然后结合vue3+Element Plus,改造成适合自己项目的组件。记录代码如下:
src/components/vue3Cron/Index.vue
<template>
<div class="v3c">
<ul class="v3c-tab">
<li class="v3c-tab-item" :class="{ 'v3c-active': tabActive == 1 }" @click="onHandleTab(1)">秒
</li>
<li class="v3c-tab-item" :class="{ 'v3c-active': tabActive == 2 }" @click="onHandleTab(2)">分</li>
<li class="v3c-tab-item" :class="{ 'v3c-active': tabActive == 3 }" @click="onHandleTab(3)">时</li>
<li class="v3c-tab-item" :class="{ 'v3c-active': tabActive == 4 }" @click="onHandleTab(4)">天</li>
<li class="v3c-tab-item" :class="{ 'v3c-active': tabActive == 5 }" @click="onHandleTab(5)">月</li>
<li class="v3c-tab-item" :class="{ 'v3c-active': tabActive == 6 }" @click="onHandleTab(6)">年</li>
</ul>
<!-- 秒 -->
<div class="v3c-content" v-show="tabActive == 1">
<!-- 每一秒 -->
<div>
<el-radio label="1" v-model="state.second.cronEvery">每一秒钟</el-radio>
</div>
<!-- 每隔多久 -->
<div class="mt-15">
<el-radio label="2" v-model="state.second.cronEvery">每隔</el-radio>
<el-input-number v-model="state.second.incrementIncrement" :min="1" :max="60" controls-position="right" />
<span class="ml-5 mr-5">秒执行, 从</span>
<el-input-number v-model="state.second.incrementStart" :min="0" :max="59" controls-position="right" />
<span>秒开始</span>
</div>
<!-- 具体秒数 -->
<div class="mt-15">
<el-radio label="3" v-model="state.second.cronEvery">具体秒数(可多选)</el-radio>
<el-select v-model="state.second.specificSpecific" multiple clearable style="width: 140px">
<el-option v-for="(item, index) in 60" :key="index" :label="index" :value="index" />
</el-select>
</div>
<!-- 周期从 -->
<div class="mt-15">
<el-radio label="4" v-model="state.second.cronEvery">周期从</el-radio>
<el-input-number v-model="state.second.rangeStart" :min="0" :max="59" controls-position="right" />
<sapn>秒</sapn><span class="ml-10 mr-5">到</span>
<el-input-number v-model="state.second.rangeEnd" :min="0" :max="59" controls-position="right" />
<sapn>秒</sapn>
</div>
</div>
<!-- 分钟 -->
<div class="v3c-content" v-show="tabActive == 2">
<!-- 每一分钟 -->
<div>
<el-radio label="1" v-model="state.minute.cronEvery">每一分钟</el-radio>
</div>
<!-- 每隔多久 -->
<div class="mt-15">
<el-radio label="2" v-model="state.minute.cronEvery">每隔</el-radio>
<el-input-number v-model="state.minute.incrementIncrement" :min="1" :max="60" controls-position="right" />
<span class="ml-5 mr-5">分执行,从</span>
<el-input-number v-model="state.minute.incrementStart" :min="0" :max="59" controls-position="right" />
<span>分开始</span>
</div>
<!-- 具体分钟数 -->
<div class="mt-15">
<el-radio label="3" v-model="state.minute.cronEvery">具体分钟数(可多选)</el-radio>
<el-select v-model="state.minute.specificSpecific" multiple clearable style="width: 140px">
<el-option v-for="(item, index) in 60" :key="index" :label="index" :value="index" />
</el-select>
</div>
<!-- 周期从 -->
<div class="mt-15">
<el-radio label="4" v-model="state.minute.cronEvery">周期从</el-radio>
<el-input-number v-model="state.minute.rangeStart" :min="0" :max="59" controls-position="right" />
<span>分</span><span class="ml-10 mr-5">到</span>
<el-input-number v-model="state.minute.rangeEnd" :min="0" :max="59" controls-position="right" />
<span>分</span>
</div>
</div>
<!-- 小时 -->
<div class="v3c-content" v-show="tabActive == 3">
<!-- 每一小时 -->
<div>
<el-radio label="1" v-model="state.hour.cronEvery">每一小时</el-radio>
</div>
<!-- 每隔多久 -->
<div class="mt-15">
<el-radio label="2" v-model="state.hour.cronEvery">每隔</el-radio>
<el-input-number v-model="state.hour.incrementIncrement" :min="1" :max="24" controls-position="right" />
<span class="ml-5 mr-5">小时执行,从</span>
<el-input-number v-model="state.hour.incrementStart" :min="0" :max="23" controls-position="right" />
<span>小时开始</span>
</div>
<!-- 具体小时数 -->
<div class="mt-15">
<el-radio label="3" v-model="state.hour.cronEvery">具体小时数(可多选)</el-radio>
<el-select v-model="state.hour.specificSpecific" multiple clearable style="width: 140px">
<el-option v-for="(item, index) in 24" :key="index" :label="index" :value="index" />
</el-select>
</div>
<!-- 周期从 -->
<div class="mt-15">
<el-radio label="4" v-model="state.hour.cronEvery">周期从</el-radio>
<el-input-number v-model="state.hour.rangeStart" :min="0" :max="23" controls-position="right" />
<span>时</span><span class="ml-10 mr-5">到</span>
<el-input-number v-model="state.hour.rangeEnd" :min="0" :max="23" controls-position="right" />
<span>时</span>
</div>
</div>
<!-- 天 -->
<div class="v3c-content" v-show="tabActive == 4">
<!-- 1 -->
<div>
<el-radio label="1" v-model="state.day.cronEvery">每一天</el-radio>
</div>
<!-- 2 -->
<div class="mt-15">
<el-radio label="2" v-model="state.day.cronEvery">每隔</el-radio>
<el-input-number v-model="state.week.incrementIncrement" :min="1" :max="60" controls-position="right" />
<span class="ml-5 mr-5">周执行,从</span>
<el-input-number v-model="state.week.incrementStart" :min="1" :max="52" controls-position="right" />
<span>周开始</span>
</div>
<!-- 3 -->
<div class="mt-15">
<el-radio label="3" v-model="state.day.cronEvery">每隔</el-radio>
<el-input-number v-model="state.day.incrementIncrement" :min="1" :max="30" controls-position="right" />
<span class="ml-5 mr-5">天执行,从</span>
<el-input-number v-model="state.day.incrementStart" :min="1" :max="30" controls-position="right" />
<span>天开始</span>
</div>
<!-- 4 -->
<div class="mt-15">
<el-radio label="4" v-model="state.day.cronEvery">具体星期几(可多选)</el-radio>
<el-select v-model="state.week.specificSpecific" multiple clearable style="width: 140px">
<el-option v-for="(item, index) in weekList" :key="index" :label="item.name" :value="item.value" />
</el-select>
</div>
<!-- 5 -->
<div class="mt-15">
<el-radio label="5" v-model="state.day.cronEvery">具体天数(可多选)</el-radio>
<el-select v-model="state.day.specificSpecific" multiple clearable style="width: 140px">
<el-option v-for="(item, index) in 31" :key="index" :label="item" :value="item" />
</el-select>
</div>
<!-- 6 -->
<!-- <div class="mt-15">
<el-radio label="6" v-model="state.day.cronEvery">在这个月的最后一天</el-radio>
</div> -->
<!-- 7 -->
<!-- <div class="mt-15">
<el-radio label="7" v-model="state.day.cronEvery">在这个月的最后一个工作日</el-radio>
</div> -->
<!-- 8 -->
<!-- <div class="mt-15">
<el-radio label="8" v-model="state.day.cronEvery">在这个月的最后一个</el-radio>
<el-select v-model="state.day.cronLastSpecificDomDay" style="width: 140px">
<el-option v-for="(item, index) in weekList" :key="index" :label="item.name" :value="item.val" />
</el-select>
</div> -->
<!-- 9 -->
<!-- <div class="mt-15">
<el-radio label="9" v-model="state.day.cronEvery">{{ }}</el-radio>
<el-input-number v-model="state.day.cronDaysBeforeEomMinus" :min="1" :max="31" controls-position="right" />
<span>在本月底前</span>
</div> -->
<!-- 10 -->
<!-- <div class="mt-15">
<el-radio label="10" v-model="state.day.cronEvery">最近的工作日(周一至周五)至本月</el-radio>
<el-input-number v-model="state.day.cronDaysNearestWeekday" :min="1" :max="31" controls-position="right" />
<span>日</span>
</div> -->
<!-- 11 -->
<!-- <div class="mt-15">
<el-radio label="11" v-model="state.day.cronEvery">在这个月的第</el-radio>
<el-input-number v-model="state.week.cronNthDayNth" :min="1" :max="5" controls-position="right" />
<span>个</span>
<el-select v-model="state.week.cronNthDayDay" style="width: 140px">
<el-option v-for="(item, index) in weekList" :key="index" :label="item.name" :value="item.val" />
</el-select>
</div> -->
</div>
<!-- 月 -->
<div class="v3c-content" v-show="tabActive == 5">
<!-- 1 -->
<div>
<el-radio label="1" v-model="state.month.cronEvery">每一月</el-radio>
</div>
<!-- 2 -->
<div class="mt-15">
<el-radio label="2" v-model="state.month.cronEvery">每隔</el-radio>
<el-input-number v-model="state.month.incrementIncrement" :min="1" :max="12" controls-position="right" />
<span class="ml-5 mr-5">月执行,从</span>
<el-input-number v-model="state.month.incrementStart" :min="1" :max="12" controls-position="right" />
<span>月开始</span>
</div>
<!-- 3 -->
<div class="mt-15">
<el-radio label="3" v-model="state.month.cronEvery">具体月数(可多选)</el-radio>
<el-select multiple clearable v-model="state.month.specificSpecific" style="width: 140px">
<el-option v-for="(item, index) in 12" :key="index" :label="item" :value="item" />
</el-select>
</div>
<!-- 4 -->
<div class="mt-15">
<el-radio label="4" v-model="state.month.cronEvery">周期从</el-radio>
<el-input-number v-model="state.month.rangeStart" :min="1" :max="12" controls-position="right" />
<span>月</span><span class="ml-10 mr-5">到</span>
<el-input-number v-model="state.month.rangeEnd" :min="1" :max="12" controls-position="right" />
<span>月</span>
</div>
</div>
<!-- 年 -->
<div class="v3c-content" v-show="tabActive == 6">
<!-- 1 -->
<div>
<el-radio label="1" v-model="state.year.cronEvery">每一年</el-radio>
</div>
<!-- 2 -->
<div class="mt-15">
<el-radio label="2" v-model="state.year.cronEvery">每隔</el-radio>
<el-input-number v-model="state.year.incrementIncrement" :min="1" :max="99" controls-position="right" />
<span class="ml-5 mr-5">年执行,从</span>
<el-input-number v-model="state.year.incrementStart" :min="currYear" :max="currYear + 10"
controls-position="right" style="width:100px;" />
<span>年开始</span>
</div>
<!-- 3 -->
<div class="mt-15">
<el-radio label="3" v-model="state.year.cronEvery">具体年份(可多选)</el-radio>
<el-select multiple clearable v-model="state.year.specificSpecific" style="width: 140px">
<el-option v-for="(item, index) in 100" :key="index" :label="currYear + item" :value="currYear + item" />
</el-select>
</div>
<!-- 4 -->
<div class="mt-15">
<el-radio label="4" v-model="state.year.cronEvery">周期从</el-radio>
<el-input-number v-model="state.year.rangeStart" :min="currYear" :max="currYear + 10" controls-position="right"
style="width:100px;" />
<span>年</span><span class="ml-10 mr-5">到</span>
<el-input-number v-model="state.year.rangeEnd" :min="currYear" :max="currYear + 10" controls-position="right"
style="width:100px;" />
<span>年</span>
</div>
</div>
<!-- 结果 -->
<!-- <div class="v3c-footer">
<div style="flex: 1">
CRON : <span class="cron">{{ state.cron }}</span>
<button class="btn-ok" @click.stop="handleChange">生成cron</button>
</div>
</div> -->
</div>
</template>
<script>
import { reactive, computed, toRefs, defineComponent, ref, watch } from "vue";
// (默认是每一分钟一次)
export default defineComponent({
name: "Vue3Cron",
props: {
maxHeight: String,
change: Function,
value: String,
},
setup(props, { emit }) {
const weekList = ref([
{ name: '星期日', value: 'SUN', val: 1, },
{ name: '星期一', value: 'MON', val: 2, },
{ name: '星期二', value: 'TUE', val: 3, },
{ name: '星期三', value: 'WED', val: 4, },
{ name: '星期四', value: 'THU', val: 5, },
{ name: '星期五', value: 'FRI', val: 6, },
{ name: '星期六', value: 'SAT', val: 7, },
])
const tabActive = ref(1);
const currYear = ref(new Date().getFullYear());
const onHandleTab = (index) => {
tabActive.value = index;
};
// (默认是每一分钟一次)
const state = reactive({
second: {
cronEvery: "1",
incrementStart: 0,
incrementIncrement: 1,
rangeStart: 0,
rangeEnd: 0,
specificSpecific: [],
},
minute: {
cronEvery: "1",
incrementStart: 0,
incrementIncrement: 1,
rangeStart: 0,
rangeEnd: 0,
specificSpecific: [],
},
hour: {
cronEvery: "1",
incrementStart: 1,
incrementIncrement: 1,
rangeStart: 0,
rangeEnd: 0,
specificSpecific: [],
},
day: {
cronEvery: "1",
incrementStart: 1,
incrementIncrement: 1,
rangeStart: 0,
rangeEnd: 0,
specificSpecific: [],
cronLastSpecificDomDay: 1,
cronDaysBeforeEomMinus: 0,
cronDaysNearestWeekday: 1,
},
week: {
cronEvery: "1",
incrementStart: 1,
incrementIncrement: 1,
specificSpecific: [],
cronNthDayDay: 1,
cronNthDayNth: 1,
},
month: {
cronEvery: "1",
incrementStart: 1,
incrementIncrement: 1,
rangeStart: 1,
rangeEnd: 1,
specificSpecific: [],
},
year: {
cronEvery: "1",
incrementStart: new Date().getFullYear(),
incrementIncrement: 1,
rangeStart: new Date().getFullYear(),
rangeEnd: new Date().getFullYear(),
specificSpecific: [],
},
output: {
second: "",
minute: "",
hour: "",
day: "",
month: "",
Week: "",
year: "",
},
secondsText: computed(() => {
let seconds = "";
let cronEvery = state.second.cronEvery;
switch (cronEvery?.toString()) {
case "1":
seconds = "*";
break;
case "2":
seconds = state.second.incrementStart + "/" + state.second.incrementIncrement;
break;
case "3":
state.second.specificSpecific.map((val) => {
seconds += val + ",";
});
seconds = seconds.slice(0, -1);
break;
case "4":
seconds = state.second.rangeStart + "-" + state.second.rangeEnd;
break;
}
return seconds;
}),
minutesText: computed(() => {
let minutes = "";
let cronEvery = state.minute.cronEvery;
switch (cronEvery?.toString()) {
case "1":
minutes = "*";
break;
case "2":
minutes = state.minute.incrementStart + "/" + state.minute.incrementIncrement;
break;
case "3":
state.minute.specificSpecific.map((val) => {
minutes += val + ",";
});
minutes = minutes.slice(0, -1);
break;
case "4":
minutes = state.minute.rangeStart + "-" + state.minute.rangeEnd;
break;
}
return minutes;
}),
hoursText: computed(() => {
let hours = "";
let cronEvery = state.hour.cronEvery;
switch (cronEvery?.toString()) {
case "1":
hours = "*";
break;
case "2":
hours = state.hour.incrementStart + "/" + state.hour.incrementIncrement;
break;
case "3":
state.hour.specificSpecific.map((val) => {
hours += val + ",";
});
hours = hours.slice(0, -1);
break;
case "4":
hours = state.hour.rangeStart + "-" + state.hour.rangeEnd;
break;
}
return hours;
}),
daysText: computed(() => {
let days = "";
let cronEvery = state.day.cronEvery;
switch (cronEvery?.toString()) {
case "1":
break;
case "2":
case "4":
case "11":
days = "?";
break;
case "3":
days = state.day.incrementStart + "/" + state.day.incrementIncrement;
break;
case "5":
state.day.specificSpecific.map((val) => {
days += val + ",";
});
days = days.slice(0, -1);
break;
case "6":
days = "L";
break;
case "7":
days = "LW";
break;
case "8":
days = state.day.cronLastSpecificDomDay + "L";
break;
case "9":
days = "L-" + state.day.cronDaysBeforeEomMinus;
break;
case "10":
days = state.day.cronDaysNearestWeekday + "W";
break;
}
return days;
}),
weeksText: computed(() => {
let weeks = "";
let cronEvery = state.day.cronEvery;
switch (cronEvery?.toString()) {
case "1":
case "3":
case "5":
weeks = "?";
break;
case "2":
weeks = state.week.incrementStart + "/" + state.week.incrementIncrement;
break;
case "4":
state.week.specificSpecific.map((val) => {
weeks += val + ",";
});
weeks = weeks.slice(0, -1);
break;
case "6":
case "7":
case "8":
case "9":
case "10":
weeks = "?";
break;
case "11":
weeks = state.week.cronNthDayDay + "#" + state.week.cronNthDayNth;
break;
}
return weeks;
}),
monthsText: computed(() => {
let months = "";
let cronEvery = state.month.cronEvery;
switch (cronEvery?.toString()) {
case "1":
months = "*";
break;
case "2":
months = state.month.incrementStart + "/" + state.month.incrementIncrement;
break;
case "3":
state.month.specificSpecific.map((val) => {
months += val + ",";
});
months = months.slice(0, -1);
break;
case "4":
months = state.month.rangeStart + "-" + state.month.rangeEnd;
break;
}
return months;
}),
yearsText: computed(() => {
let years = "";
// TODO,目前先不指定年份,注释以下代码
let cronEvery = state.year.cronEvery;
switch (cronEvery?.toString()) {
case "1":
years = "*";
break;
case "2":
years = state.year.incrementStart + "/" + state.year.incrementIncrement;
break;
case "3":
state.year.specificSpecific.map((val) => {
years += val + ",";
});
years = years.slice(0, -1);
break;
case "4":
years = state.year.rangeStart + "-" + state.year.rangeEnd;
break;
}
return years;
}),
cron: computed(() => {
return `${state.secondsText || "*"} ${state.minutesText || "*"} ${state.hoursText || "*"} ${state.daysText || "*"} ${state.monthsText || "*"} ${state.weeksText || "?"} ${state.yearsText || "*"}`;
}),
});
const handleChange = () => {
if (typeof state.cron !== "string") return false;
emit("change", state.cron);
};
const rest = (data) => {
for (let i in data) {
if (data[i] instanceof Object) {
this.rest(data[i]);
} else {
switch (typeof data[i]) {
case "object":
data[i] = [];
break;
case "string":
data[i] = "";
break;
}
}
}
};
watch(
() => state.cron,
(value) => {
if (typeof state.cron !== "string") return;
emit("update:value", value);
}
);
return {
weekList,
state,
handleChange,
rest,
tabActive,
onHandleTab,
currYear,
};
},
});
</script>
<style lang="css" scoped>
:deep(.el-input-number) {
width: 80px;
margin-right: 5px;
}
:deep(.el-radio) {
margin-right: 10px;
}
.v3c {
width: auto;
border: 1px solid #f5f7fa;
}
.v3c-tab {
padding: 0;
list-style: none;
margin: 0;
background-color: #f5f7fa;
display: flex;
}
.v3c-tab-item {
flex: 1;
text-align: center;
cursor: pointer;
padding: 6px;
}
.v3c-tab-item.v3c-active {
background-color: #409eff;
color: #ffffff;
}
.v3c-lang-btn {
background-color: #61ddaa;
color: #ffffff;
/* border-radius: 10px; */
}
.v3c-content {
padding: 20px;
max-height: v-bind(maxHeight);
overflow: hidden;
overflow-y: auto;
}
.p-20 {
padding: 20px;
}
.v3c-footer {
background-color: #f5f7fa;
padding-top: 10px;
padding-bottom: 10px;
display: flex;
text-align: center;
}
.v3c input[type="text"] {
width: 80px;
}
.v3c input[type="number"] {
width: 80px;
height: 28px;
border: 1px solid #d9d9d9;
}
.v3c select {
width: 80px;
height: 32px;
border: 1px solid #d9d9d9;
}
.v3c select[multiple] {
width: 80px;
height: 100px;
border: 1px solid #d9d9d9;
}
.btn-ok {
line-height: 1.5715;
position: relative;
display: inline-block;
font-weight: 400;
white-space: nowrap;
text-align: center;
background-image: none;
border: 1px solid transparent;
box-shadow: 0 2px #00000004;
cursor: pointer;
transition: all 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1);
-webkit-user-select: none;
-moz-user-select: none;
-ms-user-select: none;
user-select: none;
touch-action: manipulation;
height: 32px;
padding: 4px 15px;
font-size: 14px;
border-radius: 2px;
color: #fff;
background: #409eff;
border-color: #409eff;
text-shadow: 0 -1px 0 rgb(0 0 0 / 12%);
box-shadow: 0 2px #0000000b;
}
.btn-close {
line-height: 1.5715;
position: relative;
display: inline-block;
font-weight: 400;
white-space: nowrap;
text-align: center;
background-image: none;
border: 1px solid transparent;
box-shadow: 0 2px #00000004;
cursor: pointer;
transition: all 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1);
-webkit-user-select: none;
-moz-user-select: none;
-ms-user-select: none;
user-select: none;
touch-action: manipulation;
height: 32px;
padding: 4px 15px;
font-size: 14px;
border-radius: 2px;
color: #fff;
background: #61ddaa;
border-color: #61ddaa;
text-shadow: 0 -1px 0 rgb(0 0 0 / 12%);
box-shadow: 0 2px #0000000b;
}
.cron {
background-color: #61ddaa;
padding: 5px;
padding-left: 10px;
padding-right: 10px;
color: #ffffff;
}
</style>
<template>
<el-drawer :model-value="isShow" direction="rtl" :show-close="false" :destroy-on-close="true"
:close-on-click-modal="false" :title="!!curRecord ? '编辑***' : '创建***'" @open="onOpen" @closed="onCancel"
size="500px">
<div class="pr-20">
<el-form class="edit-form" :model="formData" ref="formRef" :rules="rules" label-width="100px">
<el-form-item label="名称" prop="name">
<el-input v-model="formData.name" placeholder="请输入****" />
</el-form-item>
<el-form-item label="cron表达式" prop="logicConfig">
<el-input v-model="formData.logicConfig" placeholder="请输入cron表达式">
<template #append>
<el-tooltip content="配置cron表达式" placement="top">
<el-button :icon="ArrowDown" @click="() => { isShowCronCore = !isShowCronCore }" />
</el-tooltip>
</template>
</el-input>
</el-form-item>
<div style="width:100%;padding-left: 10px;margin-top: -5px;" v-show="isShowCronCore">
<Vue3Cron @change="changeCron" v-model:value="formData.logicConfig" />
</div>
</el-form>
</div>
<template #footer>
<span class="dialog-footer">
<el-button @click="onCancel">取 消</el-button>
<el-button type="primary" v-if="modalType != 'view'" :loading="submiting" @click="onSubmit">确 定</el-button>
</span>
</template>
</el-drawer>
</template>
<script setup>
import { ref, reactive } from "vue";
import { ElMessage } from "element-plus";
import { ArrowDown } from '@element-plus/icons-vue'
import cronParse from 'cron-parser';
import triggerApi from '@/api/triggerApi';
import Vue3Cron from "@/components/vue3Cron/Index.vue";
// 其他代码省略*******// 定义数据
const isShowCronCore = ref(true); // 是否打开cron表达式配置框
const submiting = ref(false); // 是否正在提交中
const formRef = ref(null);
const formData = reactive({ // 表单数据
name: "", // 名称
logicConfig: "* * * * * ? *", // cron表达式
});
const changeCron = (val) => {
if (typeof val !== "string") return false;
formData.logicConfig = val;
};
例如:勾选配置为:每天10:30执行一次,输入框显示的表达式如下
注:目前还没做根据表达式回显秒分时天月年的配置项的功能,其实也很简单,只需要稍加理解一下cron表达式的规则,然后逐一解析即可。另外实际项目中根据情况判断需不需要显示年的选项
1、Cron表达式是一个字符串,字符串以5或6个空格隔开,分为6或7个域,每一个域代表一个含义,Cron有如下两种语法格式:
(1)、秒 分 时 日 月 周 年
(2)、秒 分 时 日 月 周
corn从左到右(用空格隔开):秒 分 小时 月份中的日期 月份 星期中的日期 年份
二、各字段的含义
字段 | 允许值 | 允许的特殊字符 |
---|---|---|
秒(Seconds) | 0~59的整数 | , - * / 四个字符 |
分(Minutes) | 0~59的整数 | , - * / 四个字符 |
小时(Hours) | 0~23的整数 | , - * / 四个字符 |
日期(DayofMonth) | 1~31的整数(但是你需要考虑你月的天数) | ,- * ? / L W C 八个字符 |
月份(Month) | 1~12的整数或者 JAN-DEC | , - * / 四个字符 |
星期(DayofWeek) | 1~7的整数或者 SUN-SAT (1=SUN) | , - * ? / L C # 八个字符 |
年(可选,留空)(Year) | 1970~2099 | , - * / 四个字符 |
注意事项:
每一个域都使用数字,但还可以出现如下特殊字符,它们的含义是:
(1)*:表示匹配该域的任意值。假如在Minutes域使用*, 即表示每分钟都会触发事件。
(2)?:只能用在DayofMonth和DayofWeek两个域。它也匹配域的任意值,但实际不会。因为DayofMonth和DayofWeek会相互影响。例如想在每月的20日触发调度,不管20日到底是星期几,则只能使用如下写法: 13 13 15 20 * ?, 其中最后一位只能用?,而不能使用*,如果使用*表示不管星期几都会触发,实际上并不是这样。
(3)-:表示范围。例如在Minutes域使用5-20,表示从5分到20分钟每分钟触发一次
(4)/:表示起始时间开始触发,然后每隔固定时间触发一次。例如在Minutes域使用5/20,则意味着5分钟触发一次,而25,45等分别触发一次.
(5),:表示列出枚举值。例如:在Minutes域使用5,20,则意味着在5和20分每分钟触发一次。
(6)L:表示最后,只能出现在DayofWeek和DayofMonth域。如果在DayofWeek域使用5L,意味着在最后的一个星期四触发。
(7)W:表示有效工作日(周一到周五),只能出现在DayofMonth域,系统将在离指定日期的最近的有效工作日触发事件。例如:在 DayofMonth使用5W,如果5日是星期六,则将在最近的工作日:星期五,即4日触发。如果5日是星期天,则在6日(周一)触发;如果5日在星期一到星期五中的一天,则就在5日触发。另外一点,W的最近寻找不会跨过月份 。
(8)LW:这两个字符可以连用,表示在某个月最后一个工作日,即最后一个星期五。
(9)#:用于确定每个月第几个星期几,只能出现在DayofMonth域。例如在4#2,表示某月的第二个星期三。
三、常用表达式例子
(1)0 0 2 1 * ? * 表示在每月的1日的凌晨2点调整任务
(2)0 15 10 ? * MON-FRI 表示周一到周五每天上午10:15执行作业
(3)0 15 10 ? 6L 2002-2006 表示2002-2006年的每个月的最后一个星期五上午10:15执行作
(4)0 0 10,14,16 * * ? 每天上午10点,下午2点,4点
(5)0 0/30 9-17 * * ? 朝九晚五工作时间内每半小时
(6)0 0 12 ? * WED 表示每个星期三中午12点
(7)0 0 12 * * ? 每天中午12点触发
(8)0 15 10 ? * * 每天上午10:15触发
(9)0 15 10 * * ? 每天上午10:15触发
(10)0 15 10 * * ? * 每天上午10:15触发
(11)0 15 10 * * ? 2005 2005年的每天上午10:15触发
(12)0 * 14 * * ? 在每天下午2点到下午2:59期间的每1分钟触发
(13)0 0/5 14 * * ? 在每天下午2点到下午2:55期间的每5分钟触发
(14)0 0/5 14,18 * * ? 在每天下午2点到2:55期间和下午6点到6:55期间的每5分钟触发
(15)0 0-5 14 * * ? 在每天下午2点到下午2:05期间的每1分钟触发
(16)0 10,44 14 ? 3 WED 每年三月的星期三的下午2:10和2:44触发
(17)0 15 10 ? * MON-FRI 周一至周五的上午10:15触发
(18)0 15 10 15 * ? 每月15日上午10:15触发
(19)0 15 10 L * ? 每月最后一日的上午10:15触发
(20)0 15 10 ? * 6L 每月的最后一个星期五上午10:15触发
(21)0 15 10 ? * 6L 2002-2005 2002年至2005年的每月的最后一个星期五上午10:15触发
(22)0 15 10 ? * 6#3 每月的第三个星期五上午10:15触发
注:
(1)有些子表达式能包含一些范围或列表
例如:子表达式(天(星期))可以为 “MON-FRI”,“MON,WED,FRI”,“MON-WED,SAT”
“*”字符代表所有可能的值
因此,“*”在子表达式(月)里表示每个月的含义,“*”在子表达式(天(星期))表示星期的每一天
“/”字符用来指定数值的增量 例如:在子表达式(分钟)里的“0/15”表示从第0分钟开始,每15分钟 在子表达式(分钟)里的“3/20”表示从第3分钟开始,每20分钟(它和“3,23,43”)的含义一样
“?”字符仅被用于天(月)和天(星期)两个子表达式,表示不指定值 当2个子表达式其中之一被指定了值以后,为了避免冲突,需要将另一个子表达式的值设为“?”
“L” 字符仅被用于天(月)和天(星期)两个子表达式,它是单词“last”的缩写 但是它在两个子表达式里的含义是不同的。 在天(月)子表达式中,“L”表示一个月的最后一天 在天(星期)自表达式中,“L”表示一个星期的最后一天,也就是SAT
如果在“L”前有具体的内容,它就具有其他的含义了
例如:“6L”表示这个月的倒数第6天,“FRIL”表示这个月的最一个星期五 注意:在使用“L”参数时,不要指定列表或范围,因为这会导致问题
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