Matplotlib 中文用户指南 3.5 艺术家教程

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(2,1,1) # two rows, one column, first plot

fig2 = plt.figure()
ax2 = fig2.add_axes([0.15, 0.1, 0.7, 0.3])

import numpy as np
t = np.arange(0.0, 1.0, 0.01)
s = np.sin(2*np.pi*t)
line, = ax.plot(t, s, color='blue', lw=2)

In [101]: ax.lines[0]
Out[101]: <matplotlib.lines.Line2D instance at 0x19a95710>

In [102]: line
Out[102]: <matplotlib.lines.Line2D instance at 0x19a95710>

del ax.lines[0]
ax.lines.remove(line)  # one or the other, not both!

xtext = ax.set_xlabel('my xdata') # returns a Text instance
ytext = ax.set_ylabel('my ydata')

a = o.get_alpha()
o.set_alpha(0.5*a)

o.set(alpha=0.5, zorder=2)

In [149]: matplotlib.artist.getp(fig.patch)
    alpha = 1.0
    animated = False
    antialiased or aa = True
    axes = None
    clip_box = None
    clip_on = False
    clip_path = None
    contains = None
    edgecolor or ec = w
    facecolor or fc = 0.75
    figure = Figure(8.125x6.125)
    fill = 1
    hatch = None
    height = 1
    label =
    linewidth or lw = 1.0
    picker = None
    transform = <Affine object at 0x134cca84>
    verts = ((0, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1), (1, 0))
    visible = True
    width = 1
    window_extent = <Bbox object at 0x134acbcc>
    x = 0
    y = 0
    zorder = 1

In [156]: fig = plt.figure()

In [157]: ax1 = fig.add_subplot(211)

In [158]: ax2 = fig.add_axes([0.1, 0.1, 0.7, 0.3])

In [159]: ax1
Out[159]: <matplotlib.axes.Subplot instance at 0xd54b26c>

In [160]: print fig.axes
[<matplotlib.axes.Subplot instance at 0xd54b26c>, <matplotlib.axes.Axes instance at 0xd3f0b2c>]

for ax in fig.axes:
    ax.grid(True)

In [191]: fig = plt.figure()

In [192]: l1 = matplotlib.lines.Line2D([0, 1], [0, 1],
           transform=fig.transFigure, figure=fig)

In [193]: l2 = matplotlib.lines.Line2D([0, 1], [1, 0],
           transform=fig.transFigure, figure=fig)

In [194]: fig.lines.extend([l1, l2])

In [195]: fig.canvas.draw()

ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
rect = ax.patch  # a Rectangle instance
rect.set_facecolor('green')

In [213]: x, y = np.random.rand(2, 100)

In [214]: line, = ax.plot(x, y, '-', color='blue', linewidth=2)

In [229]: print ax.lines
[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D instance at 0xd378b0c>]

In [233]: n, bins, rectangles = ax.hist(np.random.randn(1000), 50, facecolor='yellow')

In [234]: rectangles
Out[234]: <a list of 50 Patch objects>

In [235]: print len(ax.patches)

In [261]: fig = plt.figure()

In [262]: ax = fig.add_subplot(111)

# create a rectangle instance
In [263]: rect = matplotlib.patches.Rectangle( (1,1), width=5, height=12)

# by default the axes instance is None
In [264]: print rect.get_axes()
None

# and the transformation instance is set to the "identity transform"
In [265]: print rect.get_transform()
<Affine object at 0x13695544>

# now we add the Rectangle to the Axes
In [266]: ax.add_patch(rect)

# and notice that the ax.add_patch method has set the axes
# instance
In [267]: print rect.get_axes()
Axes(0.125,0.1;0.775x0.8)

# and the transformation has been set too
In [268]: print rect.get_transform()
<Affine object at 0x15009ca4>

# the default axes transformation is ax.transData
In [269]: print ax.transData
<Affine object at 0x15009ca4>

# notice that the xlimits of the Axes have not been changed
In [270]: print ax.get_xlim()
(0.0, 1.0)

# but the data limits have been updated to encompass the rectangle
In [271]: print ax.dataLim.bounds
(1.0, 1.0, 5.0, 12.0)

# we can manually invoke the auto-scaling machinery
In [272]: ax.autoscale_view()

# and now the xlim are updated to encompass the rectangle
In [273]: print ax.get_xlim()
(1.0, 6.0)

# we have to manually force a figure draw
In [274]: ax.figure.canvas.draw()

for label in ax.get_xticklabels():
    label.set_color('orange')

In [285]: axis = ax.xaxis

In [286]: axis.get_ticklocs()
Out[286]: array([ 0.,  1.,  2.,  3.,  4.,  5.,  6.,  7.,  8.,  9.])

In [287]: axis.get_ticklabels()
Out[287]: <a list of 10 Text major ticklabel objects>

# note there are twice as many ticklines as labels because by
#  default there are tick lines at the top and bottom but only tick
#  labels below the xaxis; this can be customized
In [288]: axis.get_ticklines()
Out[288]: <a list of 20 Line2D ticklines objects>

# by default you get the major ticks back
In [291]: axis.get_ticklines()
Out[291]: <a list of 20 Line2D ticklines objects>

# but you can also ask for the minor ticks
In [292]: axis.get_ticklines(minor=True)
Out[292]: <a list of 0 Line2D ticklines objects>

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# plt.figure creates a matplotlib.figure.Figure instance
fig = plt.figure()
rect = fig.patch # a rectangle instance
rect.set_facecolor('lightgoldenrodyellow')

ax1 = fig.add_axes([0.1, 0.3, 0.4, 0.4])
rect = ax1.patch
rect.set_facecolor('lightslategray')


for label in ax1.xaxis.get_ticklabels():
    # label is a Text instance
    label.set_color('red')
    label.set_rotation(45)
    label.set_fontsize(16)

for line in ax1.yaxis.get_ticklines():
    # line is a Line2D instance
    line.set_color('green')
    line.set_markersize(25)
    line.set_markeredgewidth(3)

plt.show()

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.ticker as ticker

# Fixing random state for reproducibility
np.random.seed(19680801)

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
ax.plot(100*np.random.rand(20))

formatter = ticker.FormatStrFormatter('$%1.2f')
ax.yaxis.set_major_formatter(formatter)

for tick in ax.yaxis.get_major_ticks():
    tick.label1On = False
    tick.label2On = True
    tick.label2.set_color('green')

plt.show()