【愚公系列】2022年08月微信小程序-icon图标详解

愚公搬代码

发布于 2022-12-01 09:14:21

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发布于 2022-12-01 09:14:21

文章被收录于专栏：历史专栏

文章目录

前言

在小程序中经常会用到各种各样的图标，如果这些图标都使用图片的话，将会大大增加小程序打包后的体积，而小程序限制代码最大2MB，分包加载4MB，所以为了缩小体积，我们可以使用图标来缩小体积。

使用图标有两种方式：

自带图标
外部图标（图片、精灵图、CSS绘图、矢量字体、SVG格式）

自带图标组件属性说明：

属性	类型	默认值	必填	说明	最低版本
type	string		是	icon的类型，有效值：success, success_no_circle, info, warn, waiting, cancel, download, search, clear	1.0.0
size	number/string	23	否	icon的大小，单位默认为px，2.4.0起支持传入单位(rpx/px)，2.21.3起支持传入其余单位(rem 等)。	1.0.0
color	string		否	icon的颜色，同css的color	1.0.0

一、自带图标

Page({
  data: {
    iconSize: [20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70],
    iconColor: [
      'red', 'orange', 'yellow', 'green', 'rgb(0,255,255)', 'blue', 'purple'
    ],
    iconType: [
      'success', 'success_no_circle', 'info', 'warn', 'waiting', 'cancel', 'download', 'search', 'clear'
    ]
  }
})

<view class="group">
  <block wx:for="{{iconSize}}">
    <icon type="success" size="{{item}}"/>
  </block>
</view>

<view class="group">
  <block wx:for="{{iconType}}">
    <icon type="{{item}}" size="40"/>
  </block>
</view>


<view class="group">
  <block wx:for="{{iconColor}}">
    <icon type="success" size="40" color="{{item}}"/>
  </block>
</view>

二、实现图标的五种方案

1.图片

直接使用img标签实现图标会有以下三个缺点：

造成大量http请求
不方便修改颜色
放大图片会虚

2.精灵图

精灵图是把一组图片以非重合、最小化的方式排列成一张图片，在加载的时候只加载一次，这就减少了http请求。

在使用的时候，能过背景图片的定位与裁剪呈现某一块区域的图标。

<view class="gap">片7</view>
<icon class="sprite_icon scale2"></icon>

.sprite_icon {  
  display: block;
  width: 80px;
  height: 80px;  
  /* 此处在wxss中，可以使用网络图片，不能使用本地图片 */
  background: url("https://cdn.nlark.com/yuque/0/2020/png/1252071/1589205723989-7de580b9-c9fd-4485-8b5b-3768f2f31bd0.png") -180px -310px;
}

缺点：精灵图解决了http请求过多的问题，但是它的颜色不能改变，放大会图片会变虚。

3.CSS绘图

<icon class="icon-close"></icon>
<icon class="icon-close scale2"></icon>

.icon-close {
  display: inline-block;
  width: 17px;
  height: 2px;
  background: green;
  transform: rotate(45deg);
}
.icon-close::after {
  content: '';
  display: block;
  width: 17px;
  height: 2px;
  background: red;
  transform: rotate(-90deg);
}

.scale2{
  transform-origin: 0 0 0;
  transform:scale(2,2)
}

4.矢量字体

阿里图标库就是矢量字体的使用方案

阿里图标库官网：https://www.iconfont.cn/

转换iconfont.ttf文件得网址：https://transfonter.org/

4.1 使用步骤

下载到本地以后，解压出来有一个文件夹，里面有一个文件名字iconfont.css，和iconfont.ttf文件

1、iconfont.ttf文件进行转换

因为小程序的wxss文件的font-face的url不接受http地址作为参数,但可以接受base64,因此需将字体文件下载后,转换为base64，然后引用。

进入https://transfonter.org/平台点击Add fonts按钮，添加iconfont.ttf文件，如上图中我选中的上传完ttf文件后，勾选上两个勾选项

2.iconfont.ttf文件转换得内容并入iconfont.css文件中

@font-face {
    font-family: 'iconfont';
    src: url('data:font/woff2;charset=utf-8;base64,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') format('woff2'),
        url('data:font/woff;charset=utf-8;base64,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') format('woff');
    font-weight: normal;
    font-style: normal;
    font-display: swap;
}
@font-face {
  font-family: "iconfont"; /* Project id  */
  src: url('iconfont.ttf?t=1646290057738') format('truetype');
}

.iconfont {
  font-family: "iconfont" !important;
  font-size: 16px;
  font-style: normal;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
}

.icon-paizhao:before {
  content: "\e605";
}

.icon-erweima:before {
  content: "\e606";
}

打开微信开发者工具，找打app.wxss，将刚才复制的内容粘贴至下面在wxml中引用icon图标，使用如下

<view>
  我是阿里扩展图标：
  <text class='iconfont icon-paizhao'></text>
  <text class='iconfont icon-erweima'></text>
</view>

5.SVG格式

使用svg这种方案，避免了格式转换，svg信息可以作为文本直接内嵌于程序中，不存在浏览器加载字体文件格式兼容的问题。简单方便，依赖少，因此它是Web开发中图标方案的首选。

<icon class="svg-icon"></icon>

.svg-icon{
  display: block;
  width: 200px;
  height: 200px;  
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background: url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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");
}