6.S081/6.828: xv6源码分析--networking

原创

冰寒火

修改于 2022-11-26 05:00:11

1K00

代码可运行

文章被收录于专栏：软件设计软件设计

运行总次数：0

代码可运行

一、网络协议

1 网络分层

目的主机收到报文后会自底而上，层层处理，每一层header包含下一步处理的协议类型。

网络协议栈：

网络协议栈是最标准的组织网络协议的方式，应用程序和传输层间有一层socket layer软件来管理文件描述符和端口的关系，同时它为每个socket维护了一个buffer缓冲接收到的packet。

当packet到达网卡时，网卡会将packet传送到网卡驱动。网卡驱动将packet推送到IP层，软件会校验IP header并剥离，再将IP payload推送给UDP。UDP校验并剥离UDP header，然后将UDP payload加入到socket layer对应文件描述符的队列中。

xv6使用的是以太网PCI控制器，支持DMA。DMA可以将设备和CPU解耦，并且DMA队列能够支持突发流量，CPU设置内存地址后设备直接将数据写入到该地址内，不经过CPU。

2 Ethernet

#define ETHADDR_LEN 6

// an Ethernet packet header (start of the packet).
struct eth {
  uint8  dhost[ETHADDR_LEN];
  uint8  shost[ETHADDR_LEN];
  uint16 type; //上层协议，接收端主机上层协议会按照type处理payload
} __attribute__((packed));

#define ETHTYPE_IP  0x0800 // Internet protocol
#define ETHTYPE_ARP 0x0806 // Address resolution protocol

//发送
static void
net_tx_eth(struct mbuf *m, uint16 ethtype)
{
  struct eth *ethhdr;
  //head向低位移动sizeof(ethhdr)，空出首部长度
  ethhdr = mbufpushhdr(m, *ethhdr);
  memmove(ethhdr->shost, local_mac, ETHADDR_LEN);
  // In a real networking stack, dhost would be set to the address discovered
  // through ARP. Because we don't support enough of the ARP protocol, set it
  // to broadcast instead.
  memmove(ethhdr->dhost, broadcast_mac, ETHADDR_LEN);
  ethhdr->type = htons(ethtype);
  if (e1000_transmit(m)) {
    mbuffree(m);
  }
}

//接收数据链路层packet，校验并剥离header
void net_rx(struct mbuf *m)
{
  struct eth *ethhdr;
  uint16 type;
  //从buffer中读取Ethernet header
  ethhdr = mbufpullhdr(m, *ethhdr);
  if (!ethhdr) {
    mbuffree(m);
    return;
  }

  type = ntohs(ethhdr->type);
  if (type == ETHTYPE_IP)
    net_rx_ip(m);
  else if (type == ETHTYPE_ARP)
    net_rx_arp(m);
  else
    mbuffree(m);
}

整个以太网packet，包括了48bit+48bit的以太网地址，16bit的类型，以及任意长度的payload这些都是通过线路传输。除此之外，虽然对于软件来说是不可见的，但是在packet的开头还有被硬件识别的表明packet起始的数据（注，Preamble + SFD），在packet的结束位置还有几个bit表明packet的结束（注，FCS）。packet的开头和结束的标志不会被系统内核所看到，其他的部分会从网卡送到系统内核。

3 IP

以太网地址是用于局域网内部通信，发送packet到目的主机，但是IP协议更通用，能够向互联网发送packet。并且IP地址是分配给国家和地区的，地理位置固定，利于构建路由表，而以太网地址是设备的地址，设备是可以移动的。

在一个packet发送到目的主机的过程中，IP header会一直保留，而Ethernet header会被剥离，每跳都会加上新的Ethernet header。

// an IP packet header (comes after an Ethernet header).
struct ip {
  uint8  ip_vhl; // version << 4 | header length >> 2
  uint8  ip_tos; // type of service
  uint16 ip_len; // total length
  uint16 ip_id;  // identification
  uint16 ip_off; // fragment offset field
  uint8  ip_ttl; // time to live
  uint8  ip_p;   // protocol
  uint16 ip_sum; // checksum
  uint32 ip_src, ip_dst;
};

#define IPPROTO_ICMP 1  // Control message protocol
#define IPPROTO_TCP  6  // Transmission control protocol
#define IPPROTO_UDP  17 // User datagram protocol

#define MAKE_IP_ADDR(a, b, c, d)           \
  (((uint32)a << 24) | ((uint32)b << 16) | \
   ((uint32)c << 8) | (uint32)d)

static void
net_tx_ip(struct mbuf *m, uint8 proto, uint32 dip)
{
  struct ip *iphdr;

  // push the IP header
  iphdr = mbufpushhdr(m, *iphdr);
  //设置IP首部
  memset(iphdr, 0, sizeof(*iphdr));
  iphdr->ip_vhl = (4 << 4) | (20 >> 2);
  iphdr->ip_p = proto;
  iphdr->ip_src = htonl(local_ip);
  iphdr->ip_dst = htonl(dip);
  iphdr->ip_len = htons(m->len);
  iphdr->ip_ttl = 100;
  iphdr->ip_sum = in_cksum((unsigned char *)iphdr, sizeof(*iphdr));

  // now on to the ethernet layer
  net_tx_eth(m, ETHTYPE_IP);
}

//接收packet，向上传递
static void
net_rx_ip(struct mbuf *m)
{
  struct ip *iphdr;
  uint16 len;

  iphdr = mbufpullhdr(m, *iphdr);
  if (!iphdr)
	  goto fail;

  // check IP version and header len
  if (iphdr->ip_vhl != ((4 << 4) | (20 >> 2)))
    goto fail;
  // validate IP checksum
  if (in_cksum((unsigned char *)iphdr, sizeof(*iphdr)))
    goto fail;
  // can't support fragmented IP packets
  if (htons(iphdr->ip_off) != 0)
    goto fail;
  // is the packet addressed to us?
  if (htonl(iphdr->ip_dst) != local_ip)
    goto fail;
  // can only support UDP
  if (iphdr->ip_p != IPPROTO_UDP)
    goto fail;

  len = ntohs(iphdr->ip_len) - sizeof(*iphdr);
  net_rx_udp(m, len, iphdr);
  return;

fail:
  mbuffree(m);
}

4 UDP

IP可以将packet发送给目的主机，但每个主机都会运行很多需要网络的应用程序，需要有一种方式能够将packet传递给目的程序。主要方式是TCP、UDP，xv6目前支持UDP。

// a UDP packet header (comes after an IP header).
struct udp {
  uint16 sport; // source port
  uint16 dport; // destination port
  uint16 ulen;  // length, including udp header, not including IP header
  uint16 sum;   // checksum
};

void
net_tx_udp(struct mbuf *m, uint32 dip,
           uint16 sport, uint16 dport)
{
  struct udp *udphdr;

  // put the UDP header
  //buf向低位移动sizeof(udphdr)字节
  udphdr = mbufpushhdr(m, *udphdr);
  udphdr->sport = htons(sport);
  udphdr->dport = htons(dport);
  udphdr->ulen = htons(m->len);
  udphdr->sum = 0; // zero means no checksum is provided

  // now on to the IP layer
  net_tx_ip(m, IPPROTO_UDP, dip);
}

//接收UDP报文进行校验并上传
static void
net_rx_udp(struct mbuf *m, uint16 len, struct ip *iphdr)
{
  struct udp *udphdr;
  uint32 sip;
  uint16 sport, dport;


  udphdr = mbufpullhdr(m, *udphdr);
  if (!udphdr)
    goto fail;

  // TODO: validate UDP checksum

  // validate lengths reported in headers
  if (ntohs(udphdr->ulen) != len)
    goto fail;
  len -= sizeof(*udphdr);
  if (len > m->len)
    goto fail;
  // minimum packet size could be larger than the payload
  mbuftrim(m, m->len - len);

  // parse the necessary fields
  sip = ntohl(iphdr->ip_src);
  sport = ntohs(udphdr->sport);
  dport = ntohs(udphdr->dport);
  sockrecvudp(m, sip, dport, sport);
  return;

fail:
  mbuffree(m);
}

源端口是0x07d0，目的端口是0x6403，长度是0x001b，checksum是0，xv6的UDP软件并没有提供校验和。

5 ARP

当主机A和主机B通信，只知IP不知MAC地址时需要将IP转化为MAC地址，首先会判断目的IP是否在同一个以太网，如果是就会发送ARP Request进行地址解析，以太网所有主机接收到后会解析该请求，剥离Ethernet Header后会拿到ARP Request，判断如果不是就将MAC地址设置为路由器地址。

// an ARP packet (comes after an Ethernet header).
struct arp {
  uint16 hrd; // format of hardware address
  uint16 pro; // format of protocol address
  uint8  hln; // length of hardware address
  uint8  pln; // length of protocol address
  uint16 op;  // operation

  char   sha[ETHADDR_LEN]; // sender hardware address
  uint32 sip;              // sender IP address
  char   tha[ETHADDR_LEN]; // target hardware address
  uint32 tip;              // target IP address
} __attribute__((packed));

#define ARP_HRD_ETHER 1 // Ethernet

enum {
  ARP_OP_REQUEST = 1, // requests hw addr given protocol addr
  ARP_OP_REPLY = 2,   // replies a hw addr given protocol addr
};

这个报文处于网络层，是数据链路层的payload，不需要应用层的处理，只到达网络层就可以发送response。

// receives an ARP packet
static void
net_rx_arp(struct mbuf *m)
{
  struct arp *arphdr;
  uint8 smac[ETHADDR_LEN];
  uint32 sip, tip;

  arphdr = mbufpullhdr(m, *arphdr);
  if (!arphdr)
    goto done;

  // validate the ARP header
  if (ntohs(arphdr->hrd) != ARP_HRD_ETHER ||
      ntohs(arphdr->pro) != ETHTYPE_IP ||
      arphdr->hln != ETHADDR_LEN ||
      arphdr->pln != sizeof(uint32)) {
    goto done;
  }

  // only requests are supported so far
  // check if our IP was solicited
  tip = ntohl(arphdr->tip); // target IP address
  if (ntohs(arphdr->op) != ARP_OP_REQUEST || tip != local_ip)
    goto done;

  // handle the ARP request
  memmove(smac, arphdr->sha, ETHADDR_LEN); // sender's ethernet address
  sip = ntohl(arphdr->sip); // sender's IP address (qemu's slirp)
  //校验结束，发送ARP response
  net_tx_arp(ARP_OP_REPLY, smac, sip);

done:
  mbuffree(m);
}

// sends an ARP packet
static int
net_tx_arp(uint16 op, uint8 dmac[ETHADDR_LEN], uint32 dip)
{
  struct mbuf *m;
  struct arp *arphdr;

  m = mbufalloc(MBUF_DEFAULT_HEADROOM);
  if (!m)
    return -1;

  // generic part of ARP header
  arphdr = mbufputhdr(m, *arphdr);
  arphdr->hrd = htons(ARP_HRD_ETHER);
  arphdr->pro = htons(ETHTYPE_IP);
  arphdr->hln = ETHADDR_LEN;
  arphdr->pln = sizeof(uint32);
  arphdr->op = htons(op);

  // ethernet + IP part of ARP header
  memmove(arphdr->sha, local_mac, ETHADDR_LEN);
  arphdr->sip = htonl(local_ip);
  memmove(arphdr->tha, dmac, ETHADDR_LEN);
  arphdr->tip = htonl(dip);

  // header is ready, send the packet
  net_tx_eth(m, ETHTYPE_ARP);
  return 0;
}

//本机IP和MAC地址
static uint32 local_ip = MAKE_IP_ADDR(10, 0, 2, 15); // qemu's idea of the guest IP
static uint8 local_mac[ETHADDR_LEN] = { 0x52, 0x54, 0x00, 0x12, 0x34, 0x56 };
static uint8 broadcast_mac[ETHADDR_LEN] = { 0xFF, 0XFF, 0XFF, 0XFF, 0XFF, 0XFF };

二、源码分析

1 connect

如上图，connect时会创建连接，主要流程如下：

分配空闲文件；
创建sock并初始化；
将file.sock=newsock关联在一起；
判断sockets链表中是否已经有该条连接，如果没有就加入；
将file引用添加到进程的openfiles列表中并返回下标fd。

int
sys_connect(void)
{
  struct file *f;
  int fd;
  uint32 raddr;
  uint32 rport;
  uint32 lport;

  if (argint(0, (int*)&raddr) < 0 ||
      argint(1, (int*)&lport) < 0 ||
      argint(2, (int*)&rport) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  if(sockalloc(&f, raddr, lport, rport) < 0)
    return -1;
  if((fd=fdalloc(f)) < 0){
    fileclose(f);
    return -1;
  }

  return fd;
}


int
sockalloc(struct file **f, uint32 raddr, uint16 lport, uint16 rport)
{
  struct sock *si, *pos;

  si = 0;
  *f = 0;
  //ftable中寻找空闲项
  if ((*f = filealloc()) == 0)
    goto bad;
  if ((si = (struct sock*)kalloc()) == 0)
    goto bad;

  // initialize objects
  si->raddr = raddr;
  si->lport = lport;
  si->rport = rport;
  initlock(&si->lock, "sock");
  //初始化待receiving packet
  mbufq_init(&si->rxq);
  (*f)->type = FD_SOCK;
  (*f)->readable = 1;
  (*f)->writable = 1;
  //文件引用socket
  (*f)->sock = si;

  // add to list of sockets
  acquire(&lock);
  pos = sockets;
  while (pos) {
    //判断是否已经创建过这条连接
    if (pos->raddr == raddr &&
        pos->lport == lport &&
	pos->rport == rport) {
      release(&lock);
      goto bad;
    }
    pos = pos->next;
  }
  //将new socket添加到全局sockets队列
  si->next = sockets;
  sockets = si;
  release(&lock);
  return 0;

bad:
  if (si)
    kfree((char*)si);
  if (*f)
    fileclose(*f);
  return -1;
}
// 从进程的文件列表中分配一项空槽位
static int
fdalloc(struct file *f)
{
  int fd;
  struct proc *p = myproc();

  for(fd = 0; fd < NOFILE; fd++){
    if(p->ofile[fd] == 0){
      p->ofile[fd] = f;
      return fd;
    }
  }
  return -1;
}

2 write

如上图，发送数据的流程如下：

proc.ofiles-->file-->sock；
创建mbuf存放packet；
将mbuf通过net_tx_udp、net_tx_ip、net_tx_eth。
e1000_transmit中将mbuf添加到tx_mbufs队列中，网卡设备会异步批量读取。

uint64
sys_write(void)
{
  struct file *f;
  int n;
  uint64 p;

  if(argfd(0, 0, &f) < 0 || argint(2, &n) < 0 || argaddr(1, &p) < 0)
    return -1;

  return filewrite(f, p, n);
}

// addr is a user virtual address.
int
filewrite(struct file *f, uint64 addr, int n)
{
  int r, ret = 0;

  if(f->writable == 0)
    return -1;

  if(f->type == FD_PIPE){
    ret = pipewrite(f->pipe, addr, n);
  } else if(f->type == FD_DEVICE){
    if(f->major < 0 || f->major >= NDEV || !devsw[f->major].write)
      return -1;
    ret = devsw[f->major].write(1, addr, n);
  } else if(f->type == FD_INODE){
    //...
  }
#ifdef LAB_NET
  else if(f->type == FD_SOCK){
    ret = sockwrite(f->sock, addr, n);
  }
#endif
  else {
    panic("filewrite");
  }

  return ret;
}

int
sockwrite(struct sock *si, uint64 addr, int n)
{
  struct proc *pr = myproc();
  struct mbuf *m;
  //空出headroom
  m = mbufalloc(MBUF_DEFAULT_HEADROOM);
  if (!m)
    return -1;
  //将需要发送的数据写入到mbuf中
  if (copyin(pr->pagetable, mbufput(m, n), addr, n) == -1) {
    mbuffree(m);
    return -1;
  }
  //调用udp协议栈
  net_tx_udp(m, si->raddr, si->lport, si->rport);
  return n;
}
// sends a UDP packet
void
net_tx_udp(struct mbuf *m, uint32 dip,
           uint16 sport, uint16 dport)
{
  struct udp *udphdr;

  // put the UDP header
  //buf向低位移动sizeof(udphdr)字节
  udphdr = mbufpushhdr(m, *udphdr);
  udphdr->sport = htons(sport);
  udphdr->dport = htons(dport);
  udphdr->ulen = htons(m->len);
  udphdr->sum = 0; // zero means no checksum is provided

  // now on to the IP layer
  net_tx_ip(m, IPPROTO_UDP, dip);
}
static void
net_tx_ip(struct mbuf *m, uint8 proto, uint32 dip)
{
  struct ip *iphdr;

  // push the IP header
  iphdr = mbufpushhdr(m, *iphdr);
  //设置IP首部
  memset(iphdr, 0, sizeof(*iphdr));
  iphdr->ip_vhl = (4 << 4) | (20 >> 2);
  iphdr->ip_p = proto;
  iphdr->ip_src = htonl(local_ip);
  iphdr->ip_dst = htonl(dip);
  iphdr->ip_len = htons(m->len);
  iphdr->ip_ttl = 100;
  iphdr->ip_sum = in_cksum((unsigned char *)iphdr, sizeof(*iphdr));

  // now on to the ethernet layer
  net_tx_eth(m, ETHTYPE_IP);
}

static void
net_tx_eth(struct mbuf *m, uint16 ethtype)
{
  struct eth *ethhdr;
  //head向低位移动sizeof(ethhdr)，空出首部长度
  ethhdr = mbufpushhdr(m, *ethhdr);
  memmove(ethhdr->shost, local_mac, ETHADDR_LEN);
  // In a real networking stack, dhost would be set to the address discovered
  // through ARP. Because we don't support enough of the ARP protocol, set it
  // to broadcast instead.
  memmove(ethhdr->dhost, broadcast_mac, ETHADDR_LEN);
  ethhdr->type = htons(ethtype);
  if (e1000_transmit(m)) {
    mbuffree(m);
  }
}


int
e1000_transmit(struct mbuf *m)
{

  acquire(&e1000_lock);
  uint32 bufindex=regs[E1000_TDT];
  struct tx_desc *desc=&tx_ring[bufindex];
  //该packet已经发送完了
  if(!(desc->status&E1000_TXD_STAT_DD)){
    release(&e1000_lock);
    return -1;
  }
  //如果该mbuf还未释放，则释放掉
  if(tx_mbufs[bufindex]){
    mbuffree(tx_mbufs[bufindex]);
    tx_mbufs[bufindex]=0;
  }
  desc->addr=(uint64)m->head;
  desc->length=m->len;
  //该packet是完整的
  desc->cmd=E1000_TXD_CMD_EOP | E1000_TXD_CMD_RS;
  tx_mbufs[bufindex]=m;

  regs[E1000_TDT]=(regs[E1000_TDT]+1)%TX_RING_SIZE;

  release(&e1000_lock);
  
  return 0;
}

3 read

根据上图，可以得知三条执行流：

设备传输数据到内存；
中断响应时将packet从rx_mbufs移到sock.rxq；
应用程序从sock.rxq读取packet。

3.1 sockread

应用程序从网络连接读取数据，会经过fd-->file-->sock这个查找过程，然后判断sock.rxq是否有packet，如果有直接读取head即可返回，否则就sleep在sock.rxq上。

int
sockread(struct sock *si, uint64 addr, int n)
{
  struct proc *pr = myproc();
  struct mbuf *m;
  int len;

  acquire(&si->lock);
  while (mbufq_empty(&si->rxq) && !pr->killed) {
    sleep(&si->rxq, &si->lock);
  }
  if (pr->killed) {
    release(&si->lock);
    return -1;
  }
  m = mbufq_pophead(&si->rxq);
  release(&si->lock);

  len = m->len;
  if (len > n)
    len = n;
  if (copyout(pr->pagetable, addr, m->head, len) == -1) {
    mbuffree(m);
    return -1;
  }
  //buf的创建和释放都是上层做的，不是e1000代码中做的
  mbuffree(m);
  return len;
}

3.2 网卡中断响应

interrupt handler会将指定mbuf中的packet经过网络协议栈处理：

数据链路层处理函数net_rx，剥离Ethernet Header，并根据type执行上层协议函数；
检测IP Header各项参数，然后将IP payload传递给传输层处理函数；
udp处理函数校验首部字段，最后将UDP payload传递给上层recv函数；
recv函数会从sockets中寻找该sock，如果有就讲packet添加到tail，并唤醒进程。

void
e1000_intr(void)
{
  // tell the e1000 we've seen this interrupt;
  // without this the e1000 won't raise any
  // further interrupts.
  regs[E1000_ICR] = 0xffffffff;

  e1000_recv();
}

#define E1000_RXD_STAT_DD       0x01    /* Descriptor Done */
#define E1000_RXD_STAT_EOP      0x02    /* End of Packet */

static void
e1000_recv(void)
{
  while(1){
    uint32 bufindex=(regs[E1000_RDT]+1)%RX_RING_SIZE;

    struct rx_desc * desc=&rx_ring[bufindex];
    if(!(desc->status & E1000_RXD_STAT_DD))
      return;
    rx_mbufs[bufindex]->len=desc->length;
    //数据由设备写入到内存中，不经过CPU，直接调用协议栈处理即可
    net_rx(rx_mbufs[bufindex]);
  
    rx_mbufs[bufindex]=mbufalloc(0);
    desc->addr=(uint64)rx_mbufs[bufindex]->head;
    desc->status=0;
    regs[E1000_RDT]=bufindex;
  }
}

void net_rx(struct mbuf *m)
{
  struct eth *ethhdr;
  uint16 type;
  //从buffer中读取Ethernet header
  ethhdr = mbufpullhdr(m, *ethhdr);
  if (!ethhdr) {
    mbuffree(m);
    return;
  }

  type = ntohs(ethhdr->type);
  if (type == ETHTYPE_IP)
    net_rx_ip(m);
  else if (type == ETHTYPE_ARP)
    net_rx_arp(m);
  else
    mbuffree(m);
}

// receives an IP packet
static void
net_rx_ip(struct mbuf *m)
{
  struct ip *iphdr;
  uint16 len;

  iphdr = mbufpullhdr(m, *iphdr);
  if (!iphdr)
	  goto fail;

  // check IP version and header len
  if (iphdr->ip_vhl != ((4 << 4) | (20 >> 2)))
    goto fail;
  // validate IP checksum
  if (in_cksum((unsigned char *)iphdr, sizeof(*iphdr)))
    goto fail;
  // can't support fragmented IP packets
  if (htons(iphdr->ip_off) != 0)
    goto fail;
  // is the packet addressed to us?
  if (htonl(iphdr->ip_dst) != local_ip)
    goto fail;
  // can only support UDP
  if (iphdr->ip_p != IPPROTO_UDP)
    goto fail;

  len = ntohs(iphdr->ip_len) - sizeof(*iphdr);
  net_rx_udp(m, len, iphdr);
  return;

fail:
  mbuffree(m);
}

static void
net_rx_udp(struct mbuf *m, uint16 len, struct ip *iphdr)
{
  struct udp *udphdr;
  uint32 sip;
  uint16 sport, dport;


  udphdr = mbufpullhdr(m, *udphdr);
  if (!udphdr)
    goto fail;

  // TODO: validate UDP checksum

  // validate lengths reported in headers
  if (ntohs(udphdr->ulen) != len)
    goto fail;
  len -= sizeof(*udphdr);
  if (len > m->len)
    goto fail;
  // minimum packet size could be larger than the payload
  mbuftrim(m, m->len - len);

  // parse the necessary fields
  sip = ntohl(iphdr->ip_src);
  sport = ntohs(udphdr->sport);
  dport = ntohs(udphdr->dport);
  sockrecvudp(m, sip, dport, sport);
  return;

fail:
  mbuffree(m);
}
void
sockrecvudp(struct mbuf *m, uint32 raddr, uint16 lport, uint16 rport)
{
  //
  // Find the socket that handles this mbuf and deliver it, waking
  // any sleeping reader. Free the mbuf if there are no sockets
  // registered to handle it.
  //
  struct sock *si;

  acquire(&lock);
  si = sockets;
  while (si) {
    if (si->raddr == raddr && si->lport == lport && si->rport == rport)
      goto found;
    si = si->next;
  }
  release(&lock);
  mbuffree(m);
  return;

found:
  //将新读入的packet放入到socket的receiving queue中给应用层读取。
  acquire(&si->lock);
  mbufq_pushtail(&si->rxq, m);
  wakeup(&si->rxq);
  release(&si->lock);
  release(&lock);
}

3.3 设备传输数据

网卡将数据写入到rx_ring、rx_mbufs中后会触发一个interrupt，此时CPU会响应并执行handler。

int
devintr()
{
  uint64 scause = r_scause();

  if((scause & 0x8000000000000000L) &&
     (scause & 0xff) == 9){
    // this is a supervisor external interrupt, via PLIC.

    // irq indicates which device interrupted.
    int irq = plic_claim();

    if(irq == UART0_IRQ){
      uartintr();
    } else if(irq == VIRTIO0_IRQ){
      virtio_disk_intr();
    }
#ifdef LAB_NET
    //网卡中断处理
    else if(irq == E1000_IRQ){
      e1000_intr();
    }
#endif
    else if(irq){
      printf("unexpected interrupt irq=%d\n", irq);
    }

    // the PLIC allows each device to raise at most one
    // interrupt at a time; tell the PLIC the device is
    // now allowed to interrupt again.
    if(irq)
      plic_complete(irq);

    return 1;
  } else if(scause == 0x8000000000000001L){
    // software interrupt from a machine-mode timer interrupt,
    // forwarded by timervec in kernelvec.S.

    if(cpuid() == 0){
      clockintr();
    }
    
    // acknowledge the software interrupt by clearing
    // the SSIP bit in sip.
    w_sip(r_sip() & ~2);

    return 2;
  } else {
    return 0;
  }
}

void
e1000_intr(void)
{
  // tell the e1000 we've seen this interrupt;
  // without this the e1000 won't raise any
  // further interrupts.
  regs[E1000_ICR] = 0xffffffff;

  e1000_recv();
}