Python虚拟环境（pipenv、venv、conda一网打尽）[通俗易懂]

pip install pipenv -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

pipenv -h

Usage: pipenv [OPTIONS] COMMAND [ARGS]...

Options:
  --where                         Output project home information.
  --venv                          Output virtualenv information.
  --py                            Output Python interpreter information.
  --envs                          Output Environment Variable options.
  --rm                            Remove the virtualenv.
  --bare                          Minimal output.
  --man                           Display manpage.
  --support                       Output diagnostic information for use in
                                  GitHub issues.
  --site-packages / --no-site-packages
                                  Enable site-packages for the virtualenv.
                                  [env var: PIPENV_SITE_PACKAGES]
  --python TEXT                   Specify which version of Python virtualenv
                                  should use.
  --three / --two                 Use Python 3/2 when creating virtualenv.
  --clear                         Clears caches (pipenv, pip).  [env var:
                                  PIPENV_CLEAR]
  -v, --verbose                   Verbose mode.
  --pypi-mirror TEXT              Specify a PyPI mirror.
  --version                       Show the version and exit.
  -h, --help                      Show this message and exit.


Usage Examples:
   Create a new project using Python 3.7, specifically:
   $ pipenv --python 3.7

   Remove project virtualenv (inferred from current directory):
   $ pipenv --rm

   Install all dependencies for a project (including dev):
   $ pipenv install --dev

   Create a lockfile containing pre-releases:
   $ pipenv lock --pre

   Show a graph of your installed dependencies:
   $ pipenv graph

   Check your installed dependencies for security vulnerabilities:
   $ pipenv check

   Install a local setup.py into your virtual environment/Pipfile:
   $ pipenv install -e .

   Use a lower-level pip command:
   $ pipenv run pip freeze

Commands:
  check      Checks for PyUp Safety security vulnerabilities and against PEP
             508 markers provided in Pipfile.
  clean      Uninstalls all packages not specified in Pipfile.lock.
  graph      Displays currently-installed dependency graph information.
  install    Installs provided packages and adds them to Pipfile, or (if no
             packages are given), installs all packages from Pipfile.
  lock       Generates Pipfile.lock.
  open       View a given module in your editor.
  run        Spawns a command installed into the virtualenv.
  scripts    Lists scripts in current environment config.
  shell      Spawns a shell within the virtualenv.
  sync       Installs all packages specified in Pipfile.lock.
  uninstall  Uninstalls a provided package and removes it from Pipfile.
  update     Runs lock, then sync.

mkdir test
cd test

pipenv install `--python 3.8`

 #查看工程根目录信息
 pipenv --where 
 #查看当前虚拟环境的信息
 pipenv --venv
 #查看python解释器的信息
 pipenv --py 
 #查看环境变量选项
 pipenv --envs

pipenv shell

pipenv install -h

Usage: pipenv install [OPTIONS] [PACKAGES]...

  Installs provided packages and adds them to Pipfile, or (if no packages are
  given), installs all packages from Pipfile.

Options:
  --system                        System pip management.  [env var:
                                  PIPENV_SYSTEM]
  -c, --code TEXT                 Install packages automatically discovered
                                  from import statements.
  --deploy                        Abort if the Pipfile.lock is out-of-date, or
                                  Python version is wrong.
  --site-packages / --no-site-packages
                                  Enable site-packages for the virtualenv.
                                  [env var: PIPENV_SITE_PACKAGES]
  --skip-lock                     Skip locking mechanisms and use the Pipfile
                                  instead during operation.  [env var:
                                  PIPENV_SKIP_LOCK]
  -e, --editable TEXT             An editable Python package URL or path,
                                  often to a VCS repository.
  --ignore-pipfile                Ignore Pipfile when installing, using the
                                  Pipfile.lock.  [env var:
                                  PIPENV_IGNORE_PIPFILE]
  --selective-upgrade             Update specified packages.
  -r, --requirements TEXT         Import a requirements.txt file.
  --extra-index-url TEXT          URLs to the extra PyPI compatible indexes to
                                  query for package look-ups.
  -i, --index TEXT                Target PyPI-compatible package index url.
  --sequential                    Install dependencies one-at-a-time, instead
                                  of concurrently.  [env var:
                                  PIPENV_SEQUENTIAL]
  -d, --dev                       Install both develop and default packages
                                  [env var: PIPENV_DEV]
  --keep-outdated                 Keep out-dated dependencies from being
                                  updated in Pipfile.lock.  [env var:
                                  PIPENV_KEEP_OUTDATED]
  --pre                           Allow pre-releases.
  --python TEXT                   Specify which version of Python virtualenv
                                  should use.
  --three / --two                 Use Python 3/2 when creating virtualenv.
  --clear                         Clears caches (pipenv, pip).  [env var:
                                  PIPENV_CLEAR]
  -v, --verbose                   Verbose mode.
  --pypi-mirror TEXT              Specify a PyPI mirror.
  -h, --help                      Show this message and exit.

#使用清华源安装numpy包
pipenv install numpy -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

#如果有requirements.txt文件，可以使用下面命令安装requirements.txt列出的包
pipenv install -r path/to/requirements.txt

#安装指定版本的numpy
pipenv install numpy~=1.22.3   #等价于 numpy==1.22.3
#注意，包的版本号可以使用~=、==、>=、 <=、 >、 <、 != 等方式来限制
#在pipenv中，提倡使用 ~= 标识符而不是 == 标识符，因为后者会阻止 pipenv 更新包

pipenv graph

pipenv uninstall numpy

exit

pipenv --rm

[scripts]
print = "python -c \"print('Hello World!')\""
list = "pip list"

pipenv lock       #生成Pipfile.lock.
pipenv sync       #安装Pipfile.lock文件中指定的所有包
pipenv update     #等价于先lock, 后 sync.

python -m venv -h

usage: venv [-h] [--system-site-packages] [--symlinks | --copies] [--clear] [--upgrade] [--without-pip] [--prompt PROMPT] ENV_DIR [ENV_DIR ...]

Creates virtual Python environments in one or more target directories.

positional arguments:
  ENV_DIR               A directory to create the environment in.

optional arguments:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  --system-site-packages
                        Give the virtual environment access to the system site-packages dir.
  --symlinks            Try to use symlinks rather than copies, when symlinks are not the default for the platform.
  --copies              Try to use copies rather than symlinks, even when symlinks are the default for the platform.
  --clear               Delete the contents of the environment directory if it already exists, before environment creation.
  --upgrade             Upgrade the environment directory to use this version of Python, assuming Python has been upgraded in-place.
  --without-pip         Skips installing or upgrading pip in the virtual environment (pip is bootstrapped by default)
  --prompt PROMPT       Provides an alternative prompt prefix for this environment.

Once an environment has been created, you may wish to activate it, e.g. by sourcing an activate script in its bin directory.

python -m venv venv_demo

conda create --name py3.6 python=3.6

conda activate py3.6
conda deactivate

#安装numpy模块
conda install numpy

#查看已安装的模块
conda list

#搜索模块信息
conda search numpy

#删除模块
conda remove numpy

#更新模块
conda update numpy

#更新全部模块：
conda update --all

#更新conda
conda update conda

#更新python
conda update python

conda remove --name py3.6 --all

conda env list

pip -h

Usage:
  pip <command> [options]

Commands:
  install                     Install packages.
  download                    Download packages.
  uninstall                   Uninstall packages.
  freeze                      Output installed packages in requirements format.
  list                        List installed packages.
  show                        Show information about installed packages.
  check                       Verify installed packages have compatible dependencies.
  config                      Manage local and global configuration.
  search                      Search PyPI for packages.
  cache                       Inspect and manage pip's wheel cache.
  wheel                       Build wheels from your requirements.
  hash                        Compute hashes of package archives.
  completion                  A helper command used for command completion.
  debug                       Show information useful for debugging.
  help                        Show help for commands.

General Options:
  -h, --help                  Show help.
  --isolated                  Run pip in an isolated mode, ignoring environment variables and user configuration.
  -v, --verbose               Give more output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times.
  -V, --version               Show version and exit.
  -q, --quiet                 Give less output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times (corresponding to
                              WARNING, ERROR, and CRITICAL logging levels).
  --log <path>                Path to a verbose appending log.
  --no-input                  Disable prompting for input.
  --proxy <proxy>             Specify a proxy in the form [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.
  --retries <retries>         Maximum number of retries each connection should attempt (default 5 times).
  --timeout <sec>             Set the socket timeout (default 15 seconds).
  --exists-action <action>    Default action when a path already exists: (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup,
                              (a)bort.
  --trusted-host <hostname>   Mark this host or host:port pair as trusted, even though it does not have valid or any
                              HTTPS.
  --cert <path>               Path to alternate CA bundle.
  --client-cert <path>        Path to SSL client certificate, a single file containing the private key and the
                              certificate in PEM format.
  --cache-dir <dir>           Store the cache data in <dir>.
  --no-cache-dir              Disable the cache.
  --disable-pip-version-check
                              Don't periodically check PyPI to determine whether a new version of pip is available for
                              download. Implied with --no-index.
  --no-color                  Suppress colored output
  --no-python-version-warning
                              Silence deprecation warnings for upcoming unsupported Pythons.
  --use-feature <feature>     Enable new functionality, that may be backward incompatible.
  --use-deprecated <feature>  Enable deprecated functionality, that will be removed in the future.

pip install -r requriements.txt

pip install numpy

pip install wheel
pip install xxxx.whl

pip install --upgrade 包名称

pip uninstall 包名

pip uninstall -r requriements.txt

pip list

pip show 包名

pip freeze > requirements.txt