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JDBC 是 Java Database Connective的缩写,表示使用Java去连接数据库进行数据操作的过程
使用Java连接数据库
package com.berger.test;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class TestMysql {
//链接地址
private static String URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo?useSSL=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8";
//驱动名称
private static String DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
//用户名
private static String USER = "root";
//密码
private static String PASSWORD = "1234";
//加载驱动信息
static {
try {
Class.forName(DRIVER);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//获取Connection对象
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(URL, USER, PASSWORD);
System.out.println(conn);
//准备一条sql语句
String sql = "INSERT INTO emp(empno,ename,job,sal,hiredate,mgr,comm,deptno) "
+ "VALUES(1002,'张三','总裁',9000,NOW(),null,2000,10)";
//获取发送sql语句的对象
//获取方法一,PreparedStatement可以对sql语句预编译,在数据库中直接执行,效率高
// PreparedStatement pst = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
// int row = pst.executeUpdate();
// System.out.println("插入了 " + row + " 行数据。");
//获取方法二,Statement不会进行预编译,且容易出现错误
Statement st = conn.createStatement();
int row = st.executeUpdate(sql);
System.out.println("插入了 " + row + " 行数据。");
}
}
将连接代码放入一个工具类
package com.berger.utils;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
public class ConnectionUtil {
//数据库地址
private static String URL="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo?useSSL=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8";
//取得驱动程序
private static String DRIVER="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
//取得用户
private static String USER="root";
//登录密码
private static String PASSWORD="1234";
//静态代码块加载驱动类信息
static {
try {
Class.forName(DRIVER);//将"com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"类的Class类对象加载到运行时内存中
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//定义获取Connection对象的方法
public static Connection getConnection() {
//定义Connection对象
Connection conn = null;
if (conn == null) {
try {
conn = DriverManager.getConnection(URL, USER, PASSWORD);
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return conn;
}
public static void close(Connection conn) {
if (conn != null) {
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
测试封装好的工具类,更新数据
/** * 更新数据 * @param count * @return * @throws SQLException */
public static boolean updateEmp(double count) throws SQLException {
//取得Connection对象
Connection conn = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
//准备sql语句
String sql1 = "UPDATE emp SET despoint = despoint-"+ count + "WHERE ename = 'SMITH'";
String sql2 = "UPDATE emp SET despoint = despoint+"+ count + "WHERE ename = 'cmm'";
//定义两个变量接收执行sql语句的返回值
int row1 = 0;
int row2 = 0;
//关闭事务自动提交
conn.setAutoCommit(false);
//获取发送sql的对象
try {
PreparedStatement pst1 = conn.prepareStatement(sql1);
PreparedStatement pst2 = conn.prepareStatement(sql2);
row1 = pst1.executeUpdate();
row2 = pst2.executeUpdate();
//判断数据库修改是否合理
if (!(row1>0 && row2>0)) {
conn.rollback();
}
//正常执行完成未发生异常,提交事务
conn.commit();
} catch (Exception e) {
//发生异常则事务回滚
conn.rollback();
e.printStackTrace();
}
ConnectionUtil.close(conn);
return row1>0 && row2>0;
}
在更新数据和事务中需要保证事务的原子性和数据的一致性
删除单条数据
/** * 删除单条数据 * @param id 要删除的数据id * @return * @throws Exception */
public static boolean deleteById(Integer id) throws Exception {
//获取connection对象
Connection conn = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
//准备sql语句
String sql = "DELETE FROM emp WHERE empno = " + id;
//取得预编译对象
PreparedStatement pst = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
//执行sql语句
int row = pst.executeUpdate();
//关闭连接
ConnectionUtil.close(conn);
return row > 0;
}
批量删除数据
/** * 批量删除数据 * @param ids 要删除的数据的id的集合 * @return 删除成功返回 true,删除失败返回false * @throws Exception */
public static boolean deleteBatch(Set<Integer> ids) throws Exception{
//获取Connection对象
Connection conn = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
//准备sql语句,使用StringBuffer
StringBuffer sql = new StringBuffer();
sql.append("DELETE FROM emp WHERE empno IN (");
//迭代器遍历集合取得所有的员工编号
Iterator<Integer> it = ids.iterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
sql.append(it.next()+",");
}
sql.delete(sql.length()-1, sql.length());
sql.append(")");
//取得预编译对象
PreparedStatement pst = conn.prepareStatement(sql.toString());
//执行sql语句
int row = pst.executeUpdate();
//关闭连接
ConnectionUtil.close(conn);
return row>0;
}
根据id查询数据
/** * 根据id查询数据 * @param id 要查询的数据的id * @throws Exception */
public static void selectById(Integer id) throws Exception {
//取得连接对象
Connection conn = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
//准备sql语句
String sql = "SELECT * FROM emp WHERE empno = " + id;
//取得预编译对象
PreparedStatement pst = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
//执行sql语句
ResultSet rs = pst.executeQuery();
//判断返回值是否存在,并取出返回值
if (rs.next()) {
//写法一
System.out.println("员工编号:" + rs.getInt(1) + "\r\n姓名:"+rs.getString(2)+"\r\n职位:"+rs.getString(3)+"\r\n直接领导:"+rs.getInt(4)+"\r\n入职日期:"+rs.getDate(5)+
"\r\n薪资:"+rs.getDouble(6)+"\r\n佣金:"+rs.getDouble(7)+"\r\n部门编号:"+rs.getInt(8));
//写法二
System.out.println("员工编号:" + rs.getObject("empno") + "\r\n姓名:"+rs.getObject("ename")+"\r\n职位:"+rs.getObject("job")+"\r\n直接领导:"+rs.getObject("mgr")+
"\r\n入职日期:"+rs.getObject("hiredate")+"\r\n薪资:"+rs.getObject("sal")+"\r\n佣金:"+rs.getObject("comm")+"\r\n部门编号:"+rs.getObject("deptno"));
}
//关闭连接对象
ConnectionUtil.close(conn);
}
模糊查询
/** * 实现模糊分页查询 * @param kw 模糊查询的关键字 * @param cp 分页查询所在的页码 * @param ls 每页的数据量 * @throws Exception */
public static void selectSplitAll(String kw, int cp, int ls) throws Exception {
//拼接关键字
if (kw == null) {
kw = "";
}
kw = "'%" + kw +"%'";
//获取连接对象
Connection conn = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
//准备sql语句
String sql = "SELECT * FROM emp WHERE ename LIKE " + kw + " LIMIT " + (cp-1)*ls + "," + ls;
//获取预编译对象
PreparedStatement pst = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
//执行sql语句
ResultSet rs = pst.executeQuery();
while (rs.next()) {
System.out.println("员工编号:" + rs.getObject("empno") + "\r\n姓名:"+rs.getObject("ename")+"\r\n职位:"+rs.getObject("job")+"\r\n直接领导:"+rs.getObject("mgr")+
"\r\n入职日期:"+rs.getObject("hiredate")+"\r\n薪资:"+rs.getObject("sal")+"\r\n佣金:"+rs.getObject("comm")+"\r\n部门编号:"+rs.getObject("deptno"));
System.out.println("--------------------------------");
}
//关闭连接
pst.close();
rs.close();
ConnectionUtil.close(conn);
}
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