Ansible自动化运维工具之常用模块使用实战（5）
环境介绍：
管理主机 k8s_master1 192.168.1.18
被托管主机 k8s_node1 192.168.1.19
被托管主机 K8S_node2 192.168.1.20
操作系统 Centos 7.5
常用模块：
ansible-doc和ping模块
command模块
shell模块
script模块
copy模块
lineinfile|replace模块
yum模块
service模块
setup模块
模块使用实战：
1.ansible-doc和ping模块
- ansible-doc
[root@k8s_master1 ~]# ansible-doc -l //列出所有模块
fortios_router_community_list Configure community lists in Fortinet's FortiOS and...
azure_rm_devtestlab_info Get Azure DevTest Lab facts
ecs_taskdefinition register a task definition in ecs
avi_alertscriptconfig Module for setup of AlertScriptConfig Avi RESTful O...
tower_receive Receive assets from Ansible Tower
netapp_e_iscsi_target NetApp E-Series manage iSCSI target configuration
azure_rm_acs Manage an Azure Container Service(ACS) instance
......
[root@k8s_master1 ~]# ansible-doc -l | grep mysql //查找mysql相关的模块
azure_rm_mysqlfirewallrule_info
Get Azure MySQL Firewall Rule facts
azure_rm_mysqlconfiguration_info
Get Azure MySQL Configuration facts
mysql_info
Gather information about MySQL servers
...
[root@k8s_master1 ~]# ansible-doc mysql_db //查看mysql_db模块的使用手册
> MYSQL_DB (/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ansible/modules/database/mysql/mysql_db.py)
Add or remove MySQL databases from a remote host.
* This module is maintained by The Ansible Community
OPTIONS (= is mandatory):
- ca_cert
The path to a Certificate Authority (CA) certificate. This option, if used, must
specify the same certificate as used by the server.
(Aliases: ssl_ca)[Default: (null)]
type: path
version_added: 2.0
- client_cert
The path to a client public key certificate.
(Aliases: ssl_cert)[Default: (null)]
type: path
version_added: 2.0
...
- ping
[root@k8s_master1 ~]# cat /etc/ansible/hosts
...
[k8s_node]
k8s_node1
k8s_node2
[root@k8s_master1 ~]# ansible k8s_node -m ping
k8s_node2 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
k8s_node1 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
[root@k8s_master1 ~]# ansible k8s_node -m ping -k
SSH password: --》 -k 表示交互式输入被托管主机连接密码
k8s_node2 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
k8s_node1 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
2.command模块
- command
完整格式：
ansible 主机集合 -m 模块名称 -a 模块参数
[root@k8s_master1 ~]# ansible k8s_node -m command -a 'uptime' //ansible远程查看k8s_node主机组中的主机系统负载信息
k8s_node2 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
17:51:47 up 1 day, 7:37, 2 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
k8s_node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
09:38:28 up 1 day, 16:03, 2 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
[root@k8s_master1 ~]# ansible k8s_node -m command -a 'date' //ansible远程查看k8s_node主机组中的主机系统时间
k8s_node2 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
2021年 08月 11日 星期三 17:51:52 CST
k8s_node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
2021年 08月 11日 星期三 09:38:33 CST
[root@k8s_master1 ~]# ansible k8s_node -m command -a 'cat /etc/passwd' //ansible远程查看k8s_node主机组中的主机中/etc/passwd文件
k8s_node2 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
......
k8s_node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
......
示例：
[root@k8s_master1 ~]# ansible k8s_node -m command -a 'ps -aux | grep sshd' //ansible在使用command模块远程控制主机组时无法识别上图字符
k8s_node2 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
error: user name does not exist
Usage:
ps [options]
Try 'ps --help <simple|list|output|threads|misc|all>'
or 'ps --help <s|l|o|t|m|a>'
for additional help text.
For more details see ps(1).non-zero return code
k8s_node1 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
error: user name does not exist
Usage:
ps [options]
Try 'ps --help <simple|list|output|threads|misc|all>'
or 'ps --help <s|l|o|t|m|a>'
for additional help text.
For more details see ps(1).non-zero return code
3.shell模块
- shell
shell模块基本上可以执行所有类型（除了交互式）的命令。
[root@k8s_master1 ~]# ansible k8s_node -m shell -a 'ps -aux | grep sshd' //ansible使用shell模块远程查看k8s_node主机组中的sshd服务信息
k8s_node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
root 1164 0.0 0.3 162012 6888 ? Ss 8月09 0:00 sshd: root@pts/0
root 1166 0.0 0.3 161664 6396 ? Ss 8月09 0:00 sshd: root@notty
root 2174 0.0 0.2 112892 4344 ? Ss 8月10 0:00 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
root 5417 0.0 0.2 154968 5868 ? Ss 09:49 0:00 sshd: root@pts/1
root 5539 0.0 0.0 113172 1208 pts/1 S+ 09:50 0:00 /bin/sh -c ps -aux | grep sshd
root 5541 0.0 0.0 112724 952 pts/1 S+ 09:50 0:00 grep sshd
k8s_node2 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
root 892 0.0 0.2 112892 4344 ? Ss 8月10 0:00 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
root 1185 0.0 0.3 159848 6784 ? Ss 8月10 0:00 sshd: root@pts/0
root 1187 0.0 0.3 159532 6332 ? Ss 8月10 0:00 sshd: root@notty
root 5933 0.0 0.2 154964 5872 ? Ss 18:03 0:00 sshd: root@pts/1
root 6056 0.0 0.0 113172 1212 pts/1 S+ 18:03 0:00 /bin/sh -c ps -aux | grep sshd
root 6058 0.0 0.0 112724 956 pts/1 S+ 18:03 0:00 grep sshd
[root@k8s_master1 ~]# ansible k8s_node -m shell -a 'uptime'
k8s_node2 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
18:04:07 up 1 day, 7:50, 2 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
k8s_node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
09:50:48 up 1 day, 16:16, 2 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
[root@k8s_master1 ~]# ansible k8s_node -m shell -a 'echo ${HOSTNAME}' //ansible使用shell模块远程查看k8s_node主机组中的HOSTNAME内置变量值
k8s_node2 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
k8s_node2
k8s_node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
k8s_node1
以上testfile文件案例验证：
[root@k8s_master1 ~]# ansible k8s_node -m shell -a "cd /tmp" //ansible使用shell模块远程进入k8s_node主机组中的tmp目录
k8s_node2 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
k8s_node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
[root@k8s_master1 ~]# ansible k8s_node -m shell -a "touch testfile" //ansible使用shell模块远程为k8s_node主机组创建testfile文件
[WARNING]: Consider using the file module with state=touch rather than running 'touch'. If you need to use command
because file is insufficient you can add 'warn: false' to this command task or set 'command_warnings=False' in
ansible.cfg to get rid of this message.
k8s_node2 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
k8s_node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
--两台被托管主机查看创建的testfile文件---
[root@k8s_node1 ~]# pwd
/root
[root@k8s_node1 ~]# ll testfile
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 11 09:58 testfile
[root@k8s_node2 ~]# pwd
/root
[root@k8s_node2 ~]# ll testfile
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 11 18:11 testfile
可以看到在创建testfile文件时，并没有创建在tmp目录下，而是被默认创建到了root目录下，说明ansible 是使用 ssh 多次连接执行，连接退出以后之前的状态就全部失效了。
- - 解决办法 - -：
使用 chdir 代替 cd 命令
[root@k8s_master1 ~]# ansible k8s_node -m shell -a "chdir=/tmp touch testfile"
[WARNING]: Consider using the file module with state=touch rather than running 'touch'. If you need to use command
because file is insufficient you can add 'warn: false' to this command task or set 'command_warnings=False' in
ansible.cfg to get rid of this message.
k8s_node2 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
k8s_node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
[root@k8s_node1 ~]# ll /tmp/testfile //成功将testfile文件创建到tmp文件夹中
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 11 10:09 /tmp/testfile
[root@k8s_node2 ~]# ll /tmp/testfile
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8月 11 18:22 /tmp/testfile
例子：为k8s_node主机组中的主机创建一个test用户并且设置密码为123。
[root@k8s_master1 ~]# ansible k8s_node -m shell -a 'useradd test'
k8s_node2 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
k8s_node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
[root@k8s_master1 ~]# ansible k8s_node -m shell -a 'echo 123 | passwd --stdin test'
k8s_node2 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
更改用户 test 的密码 。
passwd：所有的身份验证令牌已经成功更新。
k8s_node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
更改用户 test 的密码 。
passwd：所有的身份验证令牌已经成功更新。
4.script模块
- script
案例：在两台被托管主机上判断有无用户tom，如果没有则创建用户tom并配置密码为123。
[root@k8s_master1 ~]# cat >> user.sh << EOF
> #!/bin/bash
> id tom
> if [ $? != 0 ];then
> useradd tom
> echo 123 | passwd --stdin tom
> fi
> EOF
[root@k8s_master1 ~]# cat user.sh
#!/bin/bash
id tom
if [ $? != 0 ];then
useradd tom
echo 123 | passwd --stdin tom
fi
[root@k8s_master1 ~]# ansible k8s_node -m script -a '/root/user.sh'
k8s_node2 | CHANGED => {
"changed": true,
"rc": 0,
"stderr": "Shared connection to k8s_node2 closed.\r\n",
"stderr_lines": [
"Shared connection to k8s_node2 closed."
],
"stdout": "id: tom: no such user\r\n更改用户 tom 的密码 。\r\npasswd：所有的身份验证令牌已经成功更新。\r\n",
"stdout_lines": [
"id: tom: no such user",
"更改用户 tom 的密码 。",
"passwd：所有的身份验证令牌已经成功更新。"
]
}
k8s_node1 | CHANGED => {
"changed": true,
"rc": 0,
"stderr": "Shared connection to k8s_node1 closed.\r\n",
"stderr_lines": [
"Shared connection to k8s_node1 closed."
],
"stdout": "id: tom: no such user\r\n更改用户 tom 的密码 。\r\npasswd：所有的身份验证令牌已经成功更新。\r\n",
"stdout_lines": [
"id: tom: no such user",
"更改用户 tom 的密码 。",
"passwd：所有的身份验证令牌已经成功更新。"
]
}
---两台被托管主机查看ansible执行情况---
[root@k8s_node1 ~]# id tom
uid=1001(tom) gid=1001(tom) 组=1001(tom)
[root@k8s_node1 ~]# cat /etc/passwd | grep tom
tom:x:1001:1001::/home/tom:/bin/bash
[root@k8s_node2 ~]# id tom
uid=1001(tom) gid=1001(tom) 组=1001(tom)
[root@k8s_node2 ~]# cat /etc/passwd | grep tom
tom:x:1001:1001::/home/tom:/bin/bash
5.copy模块
- copy
[root@k8s_master1 ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.1.18 k8s_master1
192.168.1.19 k8s_node1
192.168.1.20 k8s_node2
[root@k8s_master1 ~]# ansible k8s_node -m copy -a 'src=/etc/hosts dest=/etc/hosts'
k8s_node2 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": false,
"checksum": "561ed24474a2938a845088d89f280b8e3e864103",
"dest": "/etc/hosts",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"path": "/etc/hosts",
"size": 229,
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
k8s_node1 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": false,
"checksum": "561ed24474a2938a845088d89f280b8e3e864103",
"dest": "/etc/hosts",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"path": "/etc/hosts",
"size": 229,
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
[root@k8s_node1 ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.1.18 k8s_master1
192.168.1.19 k8s_node1
192.168.1.20 k8s_node2
[root@k8s_node2 ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.1.18 k8s_master1
192.168.1.19 k8s_node1
192.168.1.20 k8s_node2
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原始发表：2021-08-16，如有侵权请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除
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