MobX[1] 用于状态管理,简单高效。本文将于 React 上介绍如何开始,包括了:
可以在线体验:https://ikuokuo.github.io/start-react ,代码见:https://github.com/ikuokuo/start-react 。
首先,ui
是由 state
通过 fn
生成:
ui = fn(state)
在 React 里, fn
即组件,依照自己的 state
渲染。
如果 state
是共享的,一处状态更新,多处组件响应呢?这时就可以用 MobX
了。
MobX
数据流向如下:
ui
↙ ↖
action → state
ui
触发 action
,更新 state
,重绘 ui
。注意是单向的。
了解更多,请阅读 MobX 主旨[2] 。这里讲下实现时的主要步骤:
Data Store
state
,成员函数为 action
mobx
标记为 observable
Stores Provider
React.Context
:createContext
包装 Store
实例,ui
useContext
使用mobx-react.Provider
:直接包装 Store
实例,提供给 Provider
,ui
inject
使用ui
组件mobx
标记为 observer
stores
,直接引用 state
state
,间接调用 action
项目结构上就是多个 stores
目录,定义各类 store
的 state
action
,异步操作也很简单。了解更多,请阅读:
yarn create react-app start-react --template typescript
cd start-react
路由库,以便导航样例。
yarn add react-router-dom
组件库,以便布局 UI。
yarn add antd @ant-design/icons
高级配置[5],
yarn add @craco/craco -D
yarn add craco-less
craco.config.js
配置了深色主题:
const path = require('path');
const CracoLessPlugin = require('craco-less');
const { getThemeVariables } = require('antd/dist/theme');
module.exports = {
plugins: [
{
plugin: CracoLessPlugin,
options: {
lessLoaderOptions: {
lessOptions: {
modifyVars: getThemeVariables({
dark: true,
// compact: true,
}),
javascriptEnabled: true,
},
},
},
},
],
webpack: {
alias: { '@': path.resolve(__dirname, './src') },
},
};
VSCode 安装 ESLint Prettier 扩展。初始化 eslint
:
$ npx eslint --init
✔ How would you like to use ESLint? · style
✔ What type of modules does your project use? · esm
✔ Which framework does your project use? · react
✔ Does your project use TypeScript? · No / Yes
✔ Where does your code run? · browser
✔ How would you like to define a style for your project? · guide
✔ Which style guide do you want to follow? · airbnb
✔ What format do you want your config file to be in? · JavaScript
配置 .eslintrc.js
.eslintignore
.vscode/settings.json
,详见代码。并于 package.json
添加:
"scripts": {
"lint": "eslint . --ext .js,.jsx,.ts,.tsx --ignore-pattern node_modules/"
},
执行 yarn lint
通过, yarn start
运行。
到此, React Antd 应用就准备好了。初始模板如下,可见首个提交:
yarn add mobx mobx-react
mobx-react
包含了 mobx-react-lite
,所以不必安装了。
mobx-react-lite
即可。mobx-react
才行。定义数据存储模型后,于构造函数里调用 makeAutoObservable(this)
即可。
stores/Counter.ts
:
import { makeAutoObservable } from 'mobx';
class Counter {
count = 0;
constructor() {
makeAutoObservable(this);
}
increase() {
this.count += 1;
}
decrease() {
this.count -= 1;
}
}
export default Counter;
React.Context
可以很简单的传递 Stores
。
stores/index.ts
:
import React from 'react';
import Counter from './Counter';
import Themes from './Themes';
const stores = React.createContext({
counter: new Counter(),
themes: new Themes(),
});
export default stores;
创建一个 useStores
的 Hook
,简化调用。
hooks/useStores.ts
:
import React from 'react';
import stores from '../stores';
const useStores = () => React.useContext(stores);
export default useStores;
组件用 observer
包装,useStores
引用 stores
。
Pane.tsx
:
import React from 'react';
import { Row, Col, Button, Select } from 'antd';
import { PlusOutlined, MinusOutlined } from '@ant-design/icons';
import { observer } from 'mobx-react-lite';
import useStores from './hooks/useStores';
type PaneProps = React.HTMLProps<HTMLDivElement> & {
name?: string;
}
const Pane: React.FC<PaneProps> = ({ name, ...props }) => {
const stores = useStores();
return (
<div {...props}>
{name && <h2>{name}</h2>}
<Row align="middle">
<Col span="4">Count</Col>
<Col span="4">{stores.counter.count}</Col>
<Col>
<Button
type="text"
icon={<PlusOutlined />}
onClick={() => stores.counter.increase()}
/>
<Button
type="text"
icon={<MinusOutlined />}
onClick={() => stores.counter.decrease()}
/>
</Col>
</Row>
{/* ... */}
</div>
);
};
Pane.defaultProps = { name: undefined };
export default observer(Pane);
装饰器在 MobX 6
中放弃了,但还可使用。
首先,启用装饰器语法[6]。TypeScript
于 tsconfig.json
里启用:
"experimentalDecorators": true,
"useDefineForClassFields": true,
定义数据存储模型后,于构造函数里调用 makeObservable(this)
。在 MobX 6
前不需要,但现在为了装饰器的兼容性必须调用。
stores/Counter.ts
:
import { makeObservable, observable, action } from 'mobx';
class Counter {
@observable count = 0;
constructor() {
makeObservable(this);
}
@action
increase() {
this.count += 1;
}
@action
decrease() {
this.count -= 1;
}
}
export default Counter;
组合多个 Stores
。
stores/index.ts
:
import Counter from './Counter';
import Themes from './Themes';
export interface Stores {
counter: Counter;
themes: Themes;
}
const stores : Stores = {
counter: new Counter(),
themes: new Themes(),
};
export default stores;
父组件添加 mobx-react.Provider
,并且属性扩展 stores
。
index.tsx
:
import React from 'react';
import { Provider } from 'mobx-react';
import stores from './stores';
import Pane from './Pane';
const MobXCLS: React.FC = () => (
<div>
<Provider {...stores}>
<h1>MobX with React.Component</h1>
<div style={{ display: 'flex' }}>
<Pane name="Pane 1" style={{ flex: 'auto' }} />
<Pane name="Pane 2" style={{ flex: 'auto' }} />
</div>
</Provider>
</div>
);
export default MobXCLS;
组件用 observer
装饰,同时 inject
注入 stores
。
Pane.tsx
:
import React from 'react';
import { Row, Col, Button, Select } from 'antd';
import { PlusOutlined, MinusOutlined } from '@ant-design/icons';
import { observer, inject } from 'mobx-react';
import { Stores } from './stores';
type PaneProps = React.HTMLProps<HTMLDivElement> & {
name?: string;
};
@inject('counter', 'themes')
@observer
class Pane extends React.Component<PaneProps, unknown> {
get injected() {
return this.props as (PaneProps & Stores);
}
render() {
const { name, ...props } = this.props;
const { counter, themes } = this.injected;
return (
<div {...props}>
{name && <h2>{name}</h2>}
<Row align="middle">
<Col span="4">Count</Col>
<Col span="4">{counter.count}</Col>
<Col>
<Button
type="text"
icon={<PlusOutlined />}
onClick={() => counter.increase()}
/>
<Button
type="text"
icon={<MinusOutlined />}
onClick={() => counter.decrease()}
/>
</Col>
</Row>
<Row align="middle">
<Col span="4">Theme</Col>
<Col span="4">{themes.currentTheme}</Col>
<Col>
<Select
style={{ width: '60px' }}
value={themes.currentTheme}
showArrow={false}
onSelect={(v) => themes.setTheme(v)}
>
{themes.themes.map((t) => (
<Select.Option key={t} value={t}>
{t}
</Select.Option>
))}
</Select>
</Col>
</Row>
</div>
);
}
}
export default Pane;
MobX
文档可以浏览一遍,了解有哪些内容。未涉及的核心概念还有 Computeds[7], Reactions[8]。
其中 MobX and React
一节,详解了于 React
中的用法及注意点,见:React 集成[9],React 优化[10]。
[1]MobX: https://mobx.js.org/
[2]MobX 主旨: https://zh.mobx.js.org/the-gist-of-mobx.html
[3]定义数据存储: https://zh.mobx.js.org/defining-data-stores.html
[4]异步 actions: https://zh.mobx.js.org/actions.html#%E5%BC%82%E6%AD%A5-actions
[5]高级配置: https://ant.design/docs/react/use-with-create-react-app-cn#%E9%AB%98%E7%BA%A7%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE
[6]启用装饰器语法: https://zh.mobx.js.org/enabling-decorators.html
[7]Computeds: https://zh.mobx.js.org/computeds.html
[8]Reactions: https://zh.mobx.js.org/reactions.html
[9]React 集成: https://zh.mobx.js.org/react-integration.html
[10]React 优化: https://zh.mobx.js.org/react-optimizations.html