网络编程(一).TCP（3）

/* Address to accept any incoming messages.  */
#define INADDR_ANY              ((in_addr_t) 0x00000000)
/* Address to send to all hosts.  */
#define INADDR_BROADCAST        ((in_addr_t) 0xffffffff)
/* Address indicating an error return.  */
#define INADDR_NONE             ((in_addr_t) 0xffffffff)

/* Set socket FD's option OPTNAME at protocol level LEVEL
   to *OPTVAL (which is OPTLEN bytes long).
   Returns 0 on success, -1 for errors.  */
extern int setsockopt (int __fd, int __level, int __optname,
                       __const void *__optval, socklen_t __optlen) __THROW;

BOOL bReuseaddr=TRUE;
setsockopt(s,SOL_SOCKET ,SO_REUSEADDR,(const char*)&bReuseaddr,sizeof(BOOL));

/* Give the socket FD the local address ADDR (which is LEN bytes long).  */
extern int bind (int __fd, __CONST_SOCKADDR_ARG __addr, socklen_t __len)
     __THROW;

EACCESS：地址空间受保护，用户不具有超级用户的权限
EADDRINUSE：指定的地址已经在使用
EBADF：sockfd参数为非法的文件描述符
EINVAL：socket已经和地址绑定
ENOTSOCK：参数sockfd为文件描述符

/* Prepare to accept connections on socket FD.
   N connection requests will be queued before further requests are refused.
   Returns 0 on success, -1 for errors.  */
extern int listen (int __fd, int __n) __THROW;

/* Await a connection on socket FD.
   When a connection arrives, open a new socket to communicate with it,
   set *ADDR (which is *ADDR_LEN bytes long) to the address of the connecting
   peer and *ADDR_LEN to the address's actual length, and return the
   new socket's descriptor, or -1 for errors.

   This function is a cancellation point and therefore not marked with
   __THROW.  */
extern int accept (int __fd, __SOCKADDR_ARG __addr,
                   socklen_t *__restrict __addr_len);

/* Read N bytes into BUF from socket FD.
   Returns the number read or -1 for errors.

   This function is a cancellation point and therefore not marked with
   __THROW.  */
extern ssize_t recv (int __fd, void *__buf, size_t __n, int __flags);

EAGAIN：套接字已标记为非阻塞，而接收操作被阻塞或者接收超时
EBADF：sock不是有效的描述词
ECONNREFUSE：远程主机阻绝网络连接
EFAULT：内存空间访问出错
EINTR：操作被信号中断
EINVAL：参数无效
ENOMEM：内存不足
ENOTCONN：与面向连接关联的套接字尚未被连接上
ENOTSOCK：sock索引的不是套接字

/* Send N bytes of BUF to socket FD.  Returns the number sent or -1.

   This function is a cancellation point and therefore not marked with
   __THROW.  */
extern ssize_t send (int __fd, __const void *__buf, size_t __n, int __flags);

EBADF 参数s 非合法的socket处理代码
EFAULT 参数中有一指针指向无法存取的内存空间
ENOTSOCK 参数s为一文件描述词，非socket
EINTR 被信号所中断
EAGAIN 此操作会令进程阻断，但参数s的socket为不可阻断
ENOBUFS 系统的缓冲内存不足
ENOMEM 核心内存不足
EINVAL 传给系统调用的参数不正确

/* Convert Internet host address from numbers-and-dots notation in CP
   into binary data in network byte order.  */
extern in_addr_t inet_addr (__const char *__cp) __THROW;

/* Open a connection on socket FD to peer at ADDR (which LEN bytes long).
   For connectionless socket types, just set the default address to send to
   and the only address from which to accept transmissions.
   Return 0 on success, -1 for errors.

   This function is a cancellation point and therefore not marked with
   __THROW.  */
extern int connect (int __fd, __CONST_SOCKADDR_ARG __addr, socklen_t __len);

EBADF 参数sockfd 非合法socket处理代码
EFAULT 参数serv_addr指针指向无法存取的内存空间
ENOTSOCK 参数sockfd为一文件描述词，非socket
EISCONN 参数sockfd的socket已是连线状态
ECONNREFUSED 连线要求被server端拒绝
ETIMEDOUT 企图连线的操作超过限定时间仍未有响应
ENETUNREACH 无法传送数据包至指定的主机
EAFNOSUPPORT sockaddr结构的sa_family不正确
EALREADY socket为不可阻断且先前的连线操作还未完成