Ory Kratos 用户认证

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发布于 2021-08-13 16:59:17

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代码可运行

Ory Kratos[1] 为用户认证与管理系统。本文将动手实现浏览器（React+AntD）的完整流程，实际了解下它的 API 。

代码: https://github.com/ikuokuo/start-ory-kratos

了解 Kratos

获取代码

git clone -b v0.7.0-alpha.1 --depth 1 https://github.com/ory/kratos.git

查看 API

go-swagger[2] 查看：

cd kratos
swagger serve -F=swagger ./spec/swagger.json

运行服务

docker-compose[3] 运行：

cd kratos
docker-compose -f quickstart.yml -f quickstart-postgres.yml -f quickstart-standalone.yml up --build --force-recreate
# If you have SELinux, run: -f quickstart-selinux.yml

运行了官方 Quickstart[4] 例子，可以访问 http://127.0.0.1:4455/dashboard 体验。

查看 DB

pgAdmin[5] 打开（DB 信息见 quickstart-postgres.yml）：

查看表：

查看配置

cd kratos
cat contrib/quickstart/kratos/email-password/kratos.yml

设置环境变量可以覆盖。以 _ 表示层级，如 SELFSERVICE_FLOWS_SETTINGS_UI_URL=<value> 覆盖 selfservice.flows.settings.ui_url。

Self-Service 流程[6]

Registration: https://www.ory.sh/kratos/docs/self-service/flows/user-registration
Login: https://www.ory.sh/kratos/docs/self-service/flows/user-login
Logout: https://www.ory.sh/kratos/docs/self-service/flows/user-logout
User Settings: https://www.ory.sh/kratos/docs/self-service/flows/user-settings
Account Recovery: https://www.ory.sh/kratos/docs/self-service/flows/account-recovery
Address Verification: https://www.ory.sh/kratos/docs/self-service/flows/verify-email-account-activation
User-Facing Error: https://www.ory.sh/kratos/docs/self-service/flows/user-facing-errors
2FA / MFA: https://www.ory.sh/kratos/docs/self-service/flows/2fa-mfa-multi-factor-authentication

浏览器流程

客户端流程

动手配置：Kratos 服务

Ory Kratos
- Public API (port 4433)
- Admin API (port 4434)
- Postgres DB (port 5432)
- Browser Return URL (port 3000)
MailSlurper: a development SMTP server
- Server UI (port 4436)

配置文件

ory-kratos/config/kratos.yml: 配置文件
- https://github.com/ikuokuo/start-ory-kratos/blob/master/ory-kratos/config/kratos.yml
ory-kratos/config/identity.schema.json: 认证 JSON 模式
- https://github.com/ikuokuo/start-ory-kratos/blob/master/ory-kratos/config/identity.schema.json

启动文件

ory-kratos/start.yml: Docker Compose 文件
- https://github.com/ikuokuo/start-ory-kratos/blob/master/ory-kratos/start.yml

运行服务

cd ory-kratos
docker-compose -f start.yml up --build --force-recreate

如果想运行官方 Self-Service UI[7] 例子，那么：

docker-compose -f start.yml -f start-ui-node.yml up --build --force-recreate

之后，访问 http://127.0.0.1:3000/ 体验。在 Register new account / Reset password 时，可访问虚拟 SMTP 服务 http://127.0.0.1:4436 接收邮件。

动手实现：浏览器流程

React[8] + Ant Design[9]

新建 React 应用

yarn create react-app my-web --template typescript
cd my-web
yarn start

访问 http://localhost:3000/ ，可见 React 欢迎页。

引入 AntD

yarn add antd

修改 src/App.tsx，引入 antd 组件：

import React, { Component } from 'react'
import { Button } from 'antd';
import logo from './logo.svg';
import './App.css';

class App extends Component {
  render() {
    return (
      <div className="App">
        <header className="App-header">
          <img src={logo} className="App-logo" alt="logo" />
          <Button type="primary">Button</Button>
        </header>
      </div>
    );
  }
}

export default App;

修改 src/App.css，引入 antd 样式：

@import '~antd/dist/antd.css';

可见 antd 蓝色按钮组件。

引入 Sass

yarn add node-sass

后缀 css 改为 scss ，tsx 里的 import 也改下。

引入 Router

yarn add react-router-dom @types/react-router-dom

于 pages 目录下实现如下页面 UI：

src/pages               功能        路由
├── dashboard.tsx       主页        /, /dashboard
├── error.tsx           错误        /error
├── login.tsx           登录        /auth/login
├── recovery.tsx        恢复        /recovery
├── registration.tsx    注册        /auth/registration
├── settings.tsx        设置        /settings
└── verification.tsx    验证        /verify

引入 SDK

yarn add @ory/kratos-client@0.7.0-alpha.1

注册

APIs:

GET /self-service/registration/browser: 初始化注册流程
GET /self-service/registration/flows: 获取注册流程
POST /self-service/registration: 提交注册流程

页面加载后的处理流程：

componentDidMount() {
  // 获取 flow id 参数
  const flowId = utils.parseUrlQuery("flow", this.props.location) as string;

  // 没有 flow id，初始化注册流程
  if (!flowId || !utils.isString(flowId)) {
    console.log("No flow ID found in URL, initializing registration flow.");
    utils.redirectToSelfService("/self-service/registration/browser");
    return;
  }

  // 根据 flow id，获取注册流程信息
  authPublicApi
    .getSelfServiceRegistrationFlow(flowId, undefined, {
      withCredentials: true,
    })
    .then((res: AxiosResponse<SelfServiceRegistrationFlow>) => {
      if (utils.assertResponse(res)) {
        utils.redirectToSelfService("/self-service/registration/browser");
        return;
      }
      this.setState({ flowId: flowId, flow: res.data });
    })
    .catch(utils.redirectOnError);
}

流程信息 this.state.flow，如下：

{
  "id": "74c643a1-f302-45c9-a760-1ad7b1157e1c",
  "type": "browser",
  "expires_at": "2021-07-20T05:22:30.958717Z",
  "issued_at": "2021-07-20T05:12:30.958717Z",
  "request_url": "http://127.0.0.1:4433/self-service/registration/browser",
  "ui": {
    "action": "http://127.0.0.1:4433/self-service/registration?flow=74c643a1-f302-45c9-a760-1ad7b1157e1c",
    "method": "POST",
    "nodes": [{
      "type": "input",
      "group": "default",
      "attributes": {
        "name": "csrf_token",
        "type": "hidden",
        "value": "QQyUDHa4KJ3M6mowHHN4pboN4iaUOZL+4gYVtKYRWzSdWjSNcW5dG/SNzocyqqqAtV48KzQVMIC6X+Pv3tNPNw==",
        "required": true,
        "disabled": false
      },
      "messages": [],
      "meta": {}
    }, {
      "type": "input",
      "group": "password",
      "attributes": {
        "name": "traits.email",
        "type": "email",
        "disabled": false
      },
      "messages": [],
      "meta": {
        "label": {
          "id": 1070002,
          "text": "E-Mail",
          "type": "info"
        }
      }
    }, {
    ...
    }]
  }
}

之后，依据流程信息创建表单：

<Card title="Register new account" bordered={false}>
  {/* 流程消息展示 */}
  {this.state.flow.ui.messages &&
    this.state.flow.ui.messages.map((m: UiText, index) => (
      <Alert
        key={index}
        message={m.text}
        type={m.type as AlertProps["type"]}
        style={{ marginBottom: 16 }}
        showIcon
      />
    ))}
  {/* 流程表单创建 */}
  <Form
    name="register"
    ref={this.formRef}
    encType="application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
    action={this.state.flow.ui.action}
    method={this.state.flow.ui.method}
    onFinish={onFinish}
  >
    {this.state.flow.ui.nodes.map((node, index) => {
      return React.cloneElement(ui.toUiNodeAntd(node)!, {
        key: index,
      });
    })}
  </Form>
</Card>

其中表单 onFinish 里处理提交：

const onFinish = (values: any) => {
  // 因 AntD Form 不提交原 HTML form，所以自己创建 from 提交
  // - 不能直接 find form 提交，此时值已清空
  // - 创建 from 提交，与 AntD From 相互无影响
  ui.submitViaForm(this.state.flow!.ui, values);

  // 或者，用 `/self-service/registration/api` 提交
  // this.submitViaApi(values);
};

authPublicApi
  .toSession(undefined, undefined, {
    withCredentials: true,
  })
  .then((res: AxiosResponse<Session>) => {
    if (utils.assertResponse(res)) {
      utils.redirectToSelfService("/self-service/login/browser");
      return;
    }
    this.setState({ session: res.data });
  })
  .catch((err: AxiosError) => utils.redirectOnError(err, "/auth/login"));

Dashboard 页展示了授权信息：

验证

GET /self-service/verification/browser: 初始化验证流程
GET /self-service/verification/flows: 获取验证流程
POST /self-service/verification: 提交验证流程

与注册流程一样。

恢复

GET /self-service/recovery/browser: 初始化恢复流程
GET /self-service/recovery/flows: 获取恢复流程
POST /self-service/recovery: 提交恢复流程

与注册流程一样。

设置

GET /self-service/settings/browser: 初始化设置流程
GET /self-service/settings/flows: 获取设置流程
POST /self-service/settings: 完成设置流程

与注册流程一样。

但要注意的是，依据流程信息创建表单时，请区分 group 构建多个表单：

const nodesGroup: Record<
  string,
  {
    title?: string;
    nodes?: Array<UiNode>;
  }
> = {
  default: {},
  profile: { title: "Profile" },
  password: { title: "Password" },
  oidc: { title: "Social Sign In" },
};
for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(nodesGroup)) {
  nodesGroup[k] = {
    title: v.title,
    nodes: ui.onlyNodes(this.state.flow!.ui.nodes, k),
  };
}

<Card title="Settings" bordered={false}>
  {this.state.flow.ui.messages &&
    this.state.flow.ui.messages.map((m: UiText, index) => (
      <Alert
        key={index}
        message={m.text}
        type={m.type as AlertProps["type"]}
        style={{ marginBottom: 16 }}
        showIcon
      />
    ))}
  {/* Split Form by group here. Otherwise, one AntD Form method conflicts. */}
  {Object.entries(nodesGroup)
    .filter(([k, v]) => k !== "default" && v && v.nodes!.length > 0)
    .map(([k, v], index) => (
      <Form
        key={index}
        name={k}
        encType="application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
        action={this.state.flow!.ui.action}
        method={this.state.flow!.ui.method}
        onFinish={onFinish}
      >
        <Form.Item>
          <div>{v.title}</div>
        </Form.Item>
        {v
          .nodes!.concat(nodesGroup["default"].nodes!)
          .map((node, index) => {
            return React.cloneElement(ui.toUiNodeAntd(node)!, {
              key: index,
            });
          })}
      </Form>
    ))}
</Card>

登出

GET /self-service/logout/browser: 创建登出 URL
POST /self-service/logout: 完成登出流程

页面加载后创建登出 URL ，

authPublicApi
  .createSelfServiceLogoutFlowUrlForBrowsers(undefined, {
    withCredentials: true,
  })
  .then((res: AxiosResponse<SelfServiceLogoutUrl>) => {
    this.setState({ logoutUrl: res.data.logout_url });
  })
  .catch((err) => {
    // console.log(err);
  });

之后，页面加上登出按钮：

{this.state.logoutUrl && (
  <Button
    type="link"
    shape="circle"
    href={this.state.logoutUrl}
    icon={<LogoutOutlined />}
  />
)}

参考

ORY Kratos ExpressJS Self-Service UI Reference[10]
Kratos React Example[11]

脚注

[1]

Ory Kratos: https://github.com/ory/kratos

[2]

go-swagger: https://github.com/go-swagger/go-swagger

[3]

docker-compose: https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/

[4]

Quickstart: https://www.ory.sh/kratos/docs/quickstart

[5]

pgAdmin: https://www.pgadmin.org/

[6]

Self-Service 流程: https://www.ory.sh/kratos/docs/self-service

[7]

Self-Service UI: https://github.com/ory/kratos-selfservice-ui-node

[8]

React: https://reactjs.org/

[9]

Ant Design: https://ant.design/docs/react/introduce

[10]

ORY Kratos ExpressJS Self-Service UI Reference: https://github.com/ory/kratos-selfservice-ui-node

[11]

Kratos React Example: https://github.com/realStandal/kratos-react-example

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原始发表：2021-07-29，如有侵权请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除

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