- **install参数初解读**
- **插件 —— 使用****`provide`****提供数据给 子组件 使用**
- **插件 —— 自定义指令 供 (子)组件使用**
- **插件 —— 拓展生命周期**
- **插件 —— 拓展底层变量**- **Mixin方案 —— 对数据做校验 案例**
- **每层迭代 增加监听**
- **将 校验mixin 封装进 plugin**Mixin其实就是定义一个**
命名**模块,可以包含**data**字段, 定义后可以 赋值 给一个 引用; 然后可以在某个组件中, 使用**mixins:[ Mixin字段 ...]**的方式,引入这个**Mixin**字段; 引入**Mixin**模块的组件,可以直接使用引入 Mixin 模块**的内容(data字段等),而不需要自身有事先定义;**
如果组件本身有 自身定义的data字段 且与 引入的Mixin 模块**的**data字段**有冲突,**
则以组件本身的字段为准;
例程1:
组件本身定义number一个字段,
Mixin定义了number和 count两个字段,
组件引入Mixin后,使用数据时,number以组件为准,count则可以直接使用Mixin的:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
</body>
<script>
const myMixin = {
data() {
return {
number: 666,
count: 666
}
}
}
const app = Vue.createApp({
data() {
return {
number: 1
}
},
mixins: [myMixin],
template: `
<div>
<div>{{number}}</div>
<div>{{count}}</div>
</div>`
});
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>运行效果:

再例:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
</body>
<script>
const myMixin = {
data() {
return {
number: 666,
count: 666
}
}
}
const myMixin2 = {
data() {
return {
biubiu: 'biubiubiu'
}
}
}
const app = Vue.createApp({
data() {
return {
number: 1
}
},
mixins: [myMixin, myMixin2],
template: `
<div>
<div>{{number}}</div>
<div>{{count}}</div>
<div>{{biubiu}}</div>
</div>`
});
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>运行效果:

Mixin 混入 methods 的规则同
data**,** 混入后,**组件**可以直接使用**Mixin**的**methods**, 如有冲突,则以**组件自身**的**methods**为准:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
</body>
<script>
const myMixin = {
created() {
console.log('mixin created');
},
methods: {
handleClick() {
console.log("mixin methods");
}
}
}
const myMixin2 = {
created() {
console.log('mixin2 created');
},
methods: {
handleClick() {
console.log("mixin2 methods");
}
}
}
const app = Vue.createApp({
data() {
return {
number: 1
}
},
created() {
console.log('rootApp created');
},
mixins: [myMixin, myMixin2],
methods: {
handleClick() {
console.log("rootApp methods");
}
},
template: `
<div>
<div>{{number}}</div>
<button @click="handleClick">testButton</button>
</div>`
});
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>运行效果:

Mixin 混入 自定义属性 的 默认规则同
data**/**methods**,** 混入后,**组件**可以直接使用**Mixin**的**自定义属性**, 如有冲突,则以**组件自身**的**自定义属性**为准:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
</body>
<script>
const myMixin = {
myNumber: 1
}
const app = Vue.createApp({
mixins: [myMixin],
myNumber: 666,
template: `
<div>
<div>{{this.$options.myNumber}}</div>
</div>`
});
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>运行效果:

不过Mixin的自定义属性这一块比较特殊,开发者可以通过**
app.config.optionMergeStrategies.[对应冲突字段]**自行定义优先级策略;app.config.optionMergeStrategies.[对应冲突字段]**对应一个函数,** 其中一参为字段对应的Mixin的值,二参为字段对应的组件本身的值;
如下,自定义新的规则为——如果存在mixinValue,
默认优先返回mixinValue,不存在再返回**appValue**;
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
</body>
<script>
const myMixin = {
myNumber: 1
}
const app = Vue.createApp({
mixins: [myMixin],
myNumber: 666,
template: `
<div>
<div>{{this.$options.myNumber}}</div>
</div>`
});
app.config.optionMergeStrategies.myNumber = (mixinValue, appValue) => {
return mixinValue || appValue;
}
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>运行效果:

Mixin混入生命周期时,规则 与
data**、**methods**略不相同,**Mixin**中的生命周期** 与组件**中的 冲突时,两边 都会执行,** 执行顺序, 先按**mixins:[ Mixin字段 ...]**引入的顺序执行完**Mixin**的**钩子**, 最后执行**组件**自己的**钩子**;
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
</body>
<script>
const myMixin = {
created() {
console.log('mixin created');
}
}
const myMixin2 = {
created() {
console.log('mixin2 created');
}
}
const app = Vue.createApp({
data() {
return {
number: 1
}
},
created() {
console.log('rootApp created');
},
mixins: [myMixin, myMixin2],
template: `
<div>
<div>{{number}}</div>
</div>`
});
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>
Mixin都是局部Mixin!!在父组件中引入的Mixin,无法在子组件中使用如下,父组件引入的Mixin【myMixin】,无法在子组件【child】中使用:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
</body>
<script>
const myMixin = {
data() {
return {
count: 666
}
},
created() {
console.log('mixin created');
},
methods: {
handleClick() {
console.log("mixin methods");
}
}
}
const app = Vue.createApp({
data() {
return {
number: 1
}
},
created() {
console.log('rootApp created');
},
mixins: [myMixin],
methods: {
handleClick() {
console.log("rootApp methods");
}
},
template: `
<div>
<div>{{number}}</div>
<child />
<button @click="handleClick">testButton</button>
</div>`
});
app.component('child', {
template:`<div>{{count}}</div>`
})
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>运行效果:

如在子组件也要用对应**Mixin**的字段,则子组件也要写明**mixins: [myMixin],**自行引入:
...
app.component('child', {
mixins: [myMixin],
template:`<div>{{count}}</div>`
})
...运行效果:

使用**
app.mixin()**定义一个**全局Mixin**, 可以使得**根组件**及其**所有子组件**都自动注入这个**全局Mixin**, 无需再写 似**mixins: [myMixin]**的引入语法:
例程:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
</body>
<script>
const app = Vue.createApp({
data() {
return {
number: 1
}
},
created() {
console.log('rootApp created');
},
methods: {
handleClick() {
console.log("rootApp methods");
}
},
template: `
<div>
<div>{{number}}</div>
<div>{{count}}</div>
<child />
<button @click="handleClick">testButton</button>
</div>`
});
app.mixin({
data() {
return {
count: 666
}
},
created() {
console.log('mixin created');
},
methods: {
handleClick() {
console.log("mixin methods");
}
}
})
app.component('child', {
template:`<div>{{count}}</div>`
})
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>运行效果:

--- Vue3之后,推荐使用Composition API 替代Mixin, 因为Mixin的可维护性其实不高;
像刚刚 混入自定义属性的例子,运行的结果是返回1,
接盘侠要看为何返回1,需要去看到 mixin引入、找到对应的 mixin模块,
最后查阅 自定义的匹配策略,过程非常麻烦;
出了问题,要确认是 组件、mixin、冲突、匹配策略 等谁的锅,也不容易;
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
</body>
<script>
const myMixin = {
myNumber: 1
}
const app = Vue.createApp({
mixins: [myMixin],
myNumber: 666,
template: `
<div>
<div>{{this.$options.myNumber}}</div>
</div>`
});
app.config.optionMergeStrategies.myNumber = (mixinValue, appValue) => {
return mixinValue || appValue;
}
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>全局Mixin**会对 注册**全局Mixin**的** 根组件**及其所有**子孙组件**都自动混入内容,**
这个时候如果**项目规模**一大,管理起来就很麻烦,
首先
Mixin**的内容一大,往各种地方混入的时候就**很难管理**,**
其次,
单子孙组件**体量一大、数量一多**,
容易 忽略了、忘了 定义的全局Mixin,也是个问题;
科普文章《vue中的 ref 和 $refs》
console.log(this.$refs.input1) //<input type="text" id="input1">console.log(document.getElementById('input1')) //<input type="text" id="input1">这两种方法获得的都是Dom节点, 而$refs相对document.getElementById的方法,会减少获取dom节点的消耗。
案例:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
</body>
<script>
const app = Vue.createApp({
mounted() {
this.$refs.input1.focus();
},
template: `
<div>
<input ref="input">
<input ref="input1">
<input ref="input2">
</div>`
});
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>运行效果:

使用自定义指令 可以封装常用的逻辑, 使得常用的代码模块得到复用,提高效率;
使用自定义指令封装focus逻辑,优化上例:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
</body>
<script>
const app = Vue.createApp({
template: `
<div>
<input v-focus>
</div>`
});
app.directive('focus', {
mounted(el) {
el.focus();
}
})
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>运行效果,自动聚焦:

同样实现上例效果:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
</body>
<script>
const myDirective = {
focus: {
mounted(el) {
el.focus();
}
}
}
const app = Vue.createApp({
directives: myDirective,
template: `
<div>
<input v-focus>
</div>`
});
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html><!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
</body>
<script>
const app = Vue.createApp({
data() {
return {
hehe: true
}
},
template: `
<div>
<div v-show="hehe">
<input v-focus>
</div>
</div>`
});
app.directive('focus', {
beforeMount() {
console.log('beforeMount');
},
mounted(el) {
console.log('mounted');
el.focus();
},
beforeUpdate() {
console.log('beforeUpdate');
},
updated() {
console.log('updated');
}
})
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>运行效果:

根据v-show和v-if的特性不同,会触发的生命周期钩子 也不一样:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
</body>
<script>
const app = Vue.createApp({
data() {
return {
hehe: true
}
},
template: `
<div>
<div v-if="hehe">
<input v-focus>
</div>
</div>`
});
app.directive('focus', {
beforeMount() {
console.log('beforeMount');
},
mounted(el) {
console.log('mounted');
el.focus();
},
beforeUpdate() {
console.log('beforeUpdate');
},
updated() {
console.log('updated');
},
beforeUnmount() {
console.log('beforeUnmount');
},
unmounted() {
console.log('unmounted');
},
})
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>运行效果:

自定义指令 中的钩子,
除了默认第一个参数【el】 为修饰的DOM节点外,
还可以有第二个参数【binding】,
这个参数可以把 使用 本**自定义指令**时,传过来的参数 都 囊括其中;
如下,
定义css类【header】,指定为绝对布局样式;
自定义指令pos,
钩子接收两个参数——el、binding;
使用指令时,传入一个数值参数【80】,
这在指令中,会被接收,然后用于定义style布局样式——
el.style.top = (binding.value + 'px');
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<style>
.header {position: absolute}
</style>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
</body>
<script>
const app = Vue.createApp({
data() {
return {
hehe: true
}
},
template: `
<div>
<div v-pos="80" class="header">
<input />
</div>
</div>`
});
app.directive('pos', {
mounted(el, binding) {
el.style.top = (binding.value + 'px');
}
})
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>运行效果:

换成180:
...
template: `
<div>
<div v-pos="180" class="header">
<input />
</div>
</div>`
...运行效果:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<style>
.header {position: absolute}
</style>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
</body>
<script>
const app = Vue.createApp({
data() {
return {
topMargin: 66
}
},
template: `
<div>
<div v-pos="topMargin" class="header">
<input />
</div>
</div>`
});
app.directive('pos', {
mounted(el, binding) {
el.style.top = (binding.value + 'px');
},
updated(el, binding) {
el.style.top = (binding.value + 'px');
}
})
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>运行效果:
初始:

动态赋值:

效果:

例程:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<style>
.header {position: absolute}
</style>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
</body>
<script>
const app = Vue.createApp({
data() {
return {
topMargin: 66
}
},
template: `
<div>
<div v-pos="topMargin" class="header">
<input />
</div>
</div>`
});
app.directive('pos', (el, binding) => {
el.style.top = (binding.value + 'px');
})
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>即当**自定义指令**里边,
只有**mounted**和**updated**两个钩子 且 这两个钩子的**内容**和**参数列表** 是 完全一样的话,
我们可以简写成下面的写法,
即变对象为函数,函数的内容 为 钩子中相同的内容:
app.directive('pos', (el, binding) => {
el.style.top = (binding.value + 'px');
})这种写法 是 等价于上例的写法的:
app.directive('pos', {
mounted(el, binding) {
el.style.top = (binding.value + 'px');
},
updated(el, binding) {
el.style.top = (binding.value + 'px');
}
})<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<style>
.header {position: absolute}
</style>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
</body>
<script>
const app = Vue.createApp({
data() {
return {
topMargin: 66
}
},
template: `
<div>
<div v-pos:heheda="topMargin" class="header">
<input />
</div>
</div>`
});
app.directive('pos', (el, binding) => {
console.log(binding, 'binding');
el.style.top = (binding.value + 'px');
})
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>运行效果:

直接**v-pos:top="topMargin"**,
即**[自定义指令]:[arg]="[value]"**的结构;
如下例的写法,用户 既可以配置style的值,也可以 配置style的属性:
如下,
配置为top的margin,数值是80:
<script>
const app = Vue.createApp({
data() {
return {
margin: 80
}
},
template: `
<div>
<div v-pos:top="margin" class="header">
<input />
</div>
</div>`
});
app.directive('pos', (el, binding) => {
el.style[binding.arg] = (binding.value + 'px');
})
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>运行效果:

配置为right的margin,数值是80:
<script>
const app = Vue.createApp({
data() {
return {
margin: 80
}
},
template: `
<div>
<div v-pos:right="margin" class="header">
<input />
</div>
</div>`
});
app.directive('pos', (el, binding) => {
el.style[binding.arg] = (binding.value + 'px');
})
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>运行效果:

配置为left的margin,数值是80:
<script>
const app = Vue.createApp({
data() {
return {
margin: 80
}
},
template: `
<div>
<div v-pos:left="margin" class="header">
<input />
</div>
</div>`
});
app.directive('pos', (el, binding) => {
el.style[binding.arg] = (binding.value + 'px');
})
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>运行效果:

首先,
left: 50%;**和**top: 50%;
使得使用该CSS类的 DOM节点 的 左上角顶点,
在窗口的中点处:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<style>
.area {
position: absolute;
left: 50%;
top: 50%;
width: 228px;
height: 336px;
background: paleturquoise;}
</style>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
</body>
<script>
const app = Vue.createApp({
data() {
return {
}
},
template: `
<div class="area">
</div>`
});
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>运行效果:

再加上一笔,
transform: translate(-50%, -50%);**使得组件在上面两个**margin**之后,**
让本节点移动(-50%, -50%)的距离,
其实就是 左移和上移 分别为 节点宽高的一半 的距离:
<style>
.area {
position: absolute;
left: 50%;
top: 50%;
transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
width: 228px;
height: 336px;
background: paleturquoise;}
</style>运行效果:

如下添加.mask这个蒙版样式,
绝对布局,左上右下四方为0,即遍布父布局(<div class="area">):
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<style>
.area {
position: absolute;
left: 50%;
top: 50%;
transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
width: 228px;
height: 336px;
background: paleturquoise;}
.mask {
position: absolute;
left: 0;
right: 0;
top: 0;
bottom: 0;
background: #000;
opacity: 0.5;
}
</style>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
</body>
<script>
const app = Vue.createApp({
data() {
return {
show: false
}
},
methods: {
handleBtnClick() {
this.show = !this.show;
}
},
template: `
<div class="area">
<button @click="handleBtnClick">蒙版</button>
<div class="mask" v-show="show"></div>
</div>`
});
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>运行,点击按钮,显示蒙版:

欲将上例中的【局部蒙版】升级成【全局蒙版】,
需要调用DOM将**<div class="mask" v-show="show"></div>**送到**<body>**的第一子组件位置,
这样 蒙版节点css样式的 遍布父布局的 特性,
就可以直接遍布 整个body 成为【全局蒙版】了,
这个时候就可以使用【Teleport】进行助力了:

将 蒙版节点 送到 body下第一层
使用**<teleport>**标签将其包裹起来,指定**to="body"**传送到 body:
...
template: `
<div class="area">
<button @click="handleBtnClick">蒙版</button>
<teleport to="body">
<div class="mask" v-show="show"></div>
</teleport>
</div>`
...运行效果:

可以看到结构图:

或者传送到某个body下覆盖全局的DOM节点上,
...
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
<div id="heheda"></div>
</body>
<script>
const app = Vue.createApp({
...
template: `
<div class="area">
<button @click="handleBtnClick">蒙版</button>
<teleport to="#heheda">
<div class="mask" v-show="show"></div>
</teleport>
</div>`
});
...
</script>
</html>运行效果同上例,
结构图:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<style>
.area {
position: absolute;
left: 50%;
top: 50%;
transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
width: 228px;
height: 336px;
background: paleturquoise;}
.mask {
position: absolute;
left: 0;
right: 0;
top: 0;
bottom: 0;
background: #000;
opacity: 0.5;
color: skyblue;
font-size: 88px;
}
</style>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
<div id="heheda"></div>
</body>
<script>
const app = Vue.createApp({
data() {
return {
show: false,
message: 'heheda'
}
},
methods: {
handleBtnClick() {
this.show = !this.show;
}
},
template: `
<div class="area">
<button @click="handleBtnClick">蒙版</button>
<teleport to="#heheda">
<div class="mask" v-show="show">{{message}}</div>
</teleport>
</div>`
});
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>运行效果:

【template】标签实际上在编译的时候会生成一个render函数; 我们可以直接使用render函数去生成UI; render函数 提高了Vue的性能,且使其获得跨平台的能力;
首先假设有这么一个需求,
定义一个子组件,
接受调用它的父组件的一个参数**level**,
子组件 根据这个**level**显示不同的**DOM节点**,
最基本的也许我们会写成这样:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
</body>
<script>
const app = Vue.createApp({
template: `
<my-title :level="2">
heheda
</my-title>
`
});
app.component('my-title', {
props: ['level'],
template:
`
<h1 v-if="level === 1"><slot /></h1>
<h2 v-if="level === 2"><slot /></h2>
<h3 v-if="level === 3"><slot /></h3>
<h4 v-if="level === 4"><slot /></h4>`
})
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>运行效果:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
</body>
<script>
const app = Vue.createApp({
template: `
<my-title :level="6">
heheda
</my-title>
`
});
app.component('my-title', {
props: ['level'],
render() {
const { h } = Vue;
return h('h' + this.level, {}, this.$slots.default());
}
})
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>关键代码:
render() {
const { h } = Vue;
return h('h' + this.level, {}, this.$slots.default());
}h() 的 三个参数: 标题等级【tagName】, 其他属性的 键值对形式, 【attributes】 标题内容;【text】 这里**
h()**返回的是一个虚拟DOM【JS对象】**,** 虚拟DOM 简要说就是 用JS映射【表示】一个真实DOM节点**;** 结构类似于: { tagName: 'h3', text: 'heheda', attributes: {} } Vue接收到render函数**返回的**虚拟DOM**之后,** 会将其**映射**成**真正的DOM节点**并展示出来;
运行效果:

传参level改成3:

<script>
const app = Vue.createApp({
template: `
<my-title :level="1">
heheda
</my-title>
`
});
app.component('my-title', {
props: ['level'],
render() {
const { h } = Vue;
return h('h' + this.level, {}, [
this.$slots.default(),
h('h' + String(Number(this.level) + 1), {}, [
this.$slots.default(),
h('h' + String(Number(this.level) + 3), {},
this.$slots.default()
)
])
]);
}
})
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>运行效果:

插件,即**
plugin**,可以用于封装**通用性的功能**;install**钩子,在插件运行时会回调;**
如图,打印插件接收的**app**、**plugin**参数:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
</body>
<script>
const myPlugin = {
install(app, options) {
console.log(app, options);
}
}
const app = Vue.createApp({
template: `
<my-title />
`
});
app.component('my-title', {
template: `<div>heheda</div>`
})
app.use(myPlugin, {myTestKey: 'lululu'})
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>运行效果:

provide提供数据给 子组件 使用<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
</body>
<script>
const myPlugin = {
install(app, options) {
app.provide('myTestKey', "lululu");
}
}
const app = Vue.createApp({
template: `
<my-title />
`
});
app.component('my-title', {
inject: ['myTestKey'],
template: `<div>{{myTestKey}}</div>`
})
app.use(myPlugin, {})
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>运行效果:

...
<script>
const myPlugin = {
install(app, options) {
app.directive('focus', {
mounted(el) {
el.focus();
}
})
}
}
const app = Vue.createApp({
template: `
<my-title />
`
});
app.component('my-title', {
template: `
<div><input /></div>
<div><input v-focus /></div>
<div><input /></div>`
})
app.use(myPlugin, {})
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
...运行效果:

<script>
const myPlugin = {
install(app, options) {
app.mixin({
mounted() {
console.log('mixin');
}
})
}
}
const app = Vue.createApp({
template: `
<my-title />
`
});
app.component('my-title', {
template: `
<div><input /></div>`
})
app.use(myPlugin, {})
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>运行效果:

可以看到打印了两次,上次说过, 因为这是全局mixin,所以挂载的组件,根组件子组件都会打印!
app.config.globalProperties.$[变量名]**可以 在底层拓展的拓展app私有字段;** 这样在使用时,只要看到**$[变量名]**, 就可以知道是 自己底层定义的拓展**,** 而不是组件里定义的普通变量**,也不是**父组件传递过来的参数**,**语义上**和**可维护性上**是比较有**特性**的;**
<script>
const myPlugin = {
install(app, options) {
app.config.globalProperties.$heheDa = "heheda!";
}
}
const app = Vue.createApp({
template: `
<my-title />
`
});
app.component('my-title', {
mounted() {
console.log(this.$heheDa);
},
template: `
<div><input /></div>`
})
app.use(myPlugin, {})
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>运行效果:

首先打印观察**rules对象**:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
</body>
<script>
const app = Vue.createApp({
data() {
return { myName: 'zhao', age: 66}
},
rules: {
age: {
// validate: age => {return age > 23},
validate: age => age > 23,
message: 'too young, to simple'
},
myName: {
validate: myName => myName !== 'zhao',
message: 'heheda'
}
},
template: `
<div>name:{{myName}}, age:{{age}} </div>
`
});
app.mixin({
created() {
console.log(this.$options.rules);
for(let key in this.$options.rules) {
const item = this.$options.rules[key];
console.log(key, item);
}
}
})
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>运行效果:

可以看到,
this.$options.rules**的内容就是一个**JSON Object Array**,** 而这**array**的每一个元素,都是一个**rule**对象, 它都是由[定义了校验的变量名]: {校验相关的信息}这么一个键值对组成; 这里这个**key的引用**其实就完全是**data中对应的字段**,完全同步的!! 其中,{校验相关的信息}**这个值,也是一个**JSON Object**,** 其中主要信息主要是**message**、**validate**两个键值对,validate**便是存储**检验规则**,**message**提供**不通过检验时的信息**;**
例程:
遍历rules的key,
每一层迭代里——
对每一个key,都用这个key去获取对应的**rule对象**,赋给item,
然后对item的**key【被校验字段】**设置**监听**,
当**key/被校验字段**发生改变时,触发回调,
这时,可以用**[rule对象].validate()**去校验值,然后返回结果,
如果校验不通过,
可以用**[rule对象].message**获取到我们准备好的话术!!
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
</body>
<script>
const app = Vue.createApp({
data() {
return { myName: 'zhao', age: 66}
},
rules: {
age: {
// validate: age => {return age > 23},
validate: age => age > 23,
message: 'too young, to simple'
},
myName: {
validate: myName => myName.length > 3,
message: 'heheda'
}
},
template: `
<div>name:{{myName}}, age:{{age}} </div>
`
});
app.mixin({
created() {
console.log(this.$options.rules);
for(let key in this.$options.rules) {
const item = this.$options.rules[key];
this.$watch(key, (value) => {
const result = item.validate(value);
if(!result) console.log(item.message);
})
console.log(key, item);
}
}
})
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>运行效果:

将mixin 封装进plugin, 把这个**
plugin**存进一个字段 并基于**功能**进行**命名**,可读性**会比**无名无姓**的**mixin**高很多,也更加**规范**;**
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
</body>
<script>
const app = Vue.createApp({
data() {
return { myName: 'zhao', age: 66}
},
rules: {
age: {
// validate: age => {return age > 23},
validate: age => age > 23,
message: 'too young, to simple'
},
myName: {
validate: myName => myName.length > 3,
message: 'heheda'
}
},
template: `
<div>name:{{myName}}, age:{{age}} </div>
`
});
const validatorPlugin = (app, options) => {
app.mixin({
created() {
console.log(this.$options.rules);
for(let key in this.$options.rules) {
const item = this.$options.rules[key];
this.$watch(key, (value) => {
const result = item.validate(value);
if(!result) console.log(item.message);
})
console.log(key, item);
}
}
})
};
app.use(validatorPlugin);
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>运行效果同上例;