WPF中触发器Trigger、MultiTrigger、DataTrigger、MultiDataTrigger

zls365

发布于 2021-01-28 20:22:13

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WPF中有种叫做触发器的东西（记住不是数据库的trigger哦）。它的主要作用是根据trigger的不同条件来自动更改外观属性，或者执行动画等操作。

WPFtrigger的主要类型有：Trigger、MultiTrigger、DataTrigger、MultiDataTrigger、EventTrigger几种。从字面意思上我们想大家已经知道个大概，接下来我将还会用实例代码逐一进行介绍。trigger主要运用的场景在Style、ControlTemplate、DataTemplate三个地方。在这些地方可以使用trigger，具体视情况而定。

1.在Style中使用各种trigger

在style中使用的trigger主要是属性的触发器，当属性的值发生改变是将会引发触发器。

a.普通属性trigger 当鼠标滑过时字体变成红色

<span>  </span><CheckBox Content="Style Trigger MouseOver Red"> 
            <CheckBox.Resources> 
                <Style TargetType="{x:Type CheckBox}"> 
                    <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="SkyBlue"/> 
                    <Style.Triggers> 
                        <!--鼠标滑过时字体为红色--> 
                        <Trigger Property="IsMouseOver" Value="True"> 
                            <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="Red"/> 
                        </Trigger> 
                    </Style.Triggers> 
</Style> 
            </CheckBox.Resources> 
        </CheckBox>

b.普通属性MultiTrigger 当checkbox勾选并且鼠标滑过时字体变成绿色

<span>  </span><CheckBox Content="Style MultiTrigger Checked and MouseOver Green "> 
            <CheckBox.Resources> 
                <Style TargetType="{x:Type CheckBox}"> 
                    <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="SkyBlue"/> 
                    <Style.Triggers> 
                        <MultiTrigger> 
                            <MultiTrigger.Conditions> 
                                <Condition Property="IsChecked" Value="True" /> 
                                <Condition Property="IsMouseOver" Value="True" /> 
                            </MultiTrigger.Conditions> 
                            <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="Green"/> 
                        </MultiTrigger> 
                    </Style.Triggers> 
</Style> 
            </CheckBox.Resources> 
        </CheckBox>

c.EventTrigger 鼠标划入长度变长鼠标移出长度变短

<CheckBox Content="Style EventTrigger " Width="70" HorizontalAlignment="Left"> 
           <CheckBox.Resources> 
               <Style TargetType="{x:Type CheckBox}"> 
                   <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="SkyBlue"/> 
                   <Style.Triggers> 
                       <EventTrigger RoutedEvent="Mouse.MouseEnter"> 
                           <EventTrigger.Actions> 
                               <BeginStoryboard> 
                                   <Storyboard> 
                                       <DoubleAnimation 
                                         Duration="0:0:0.2" 
                                         Storyboard.TargetProperty="Width" 
                                         To="150"  /> 
                                   </Storyboard> 
                               </BeginStoryboard> 
                           </EventTrigger.Actions> 
                       </EventTrigger> 
                       <EventTrigger RoutedEvent="Mouse.MouseLeave"> 
                           <EventTrigger.Actions> 
                               <BeginStoryboard> 
                                   <Storyboard> 
                                       <DoubleAnimation 
                                         Duration="0:0:0.2" 
                                         Storyboard.TargetProperty="Width" 
                                         To="70"  /> 
                                   </Storyboard> 
                               </BeginStoryboard> 
                           </EventTrigger.Actions> 
                       </EventTrigger> 
                   </Style.Triggers> 
</Style> 
           </CheckBox.Resources> 
       </CheckBox>

2.在ControlTemplate中使用trigger

在ControlTemplate中使用的trigger主要是在controltemplate中的元素的触发器，当属性的值发生改变是将会引发触发器。

属性为“Border” 的鼠标滑过时背景变色，其他的trigger同上面的style一样这里就不多举例了

<Button Content="ControlTemplate" Width="120" Height="30"> 
            <Button.Resources> 
                <Style TargetType="{x:Type Button}"> 
                    <Setter Property="Background" Value="Gray"/> 
                    <Setter Property="BorderBrush" Value="Black"/> 
                    <Setter Property="Cursor" Value="Hand"/> 
                    <Setter Property="Template"> 
                        <Setter.Value> 
                            <ControlTemplate TargetType="{x:Type Button}"> 
                                <StackPanel> 
                                    <Border Height="10" Background="Red"></Border> 
                                    <Border x:Name="Border" CornerRadius="0" BorderThickness="1"  Background="{TemplateBinding Background}" BorderBrush="{TemplateBinding BorderBrush}"> 
                                        <ContentPresenter VerticalAlignment="Center" HorizontalAlignment="Center"/> 
                                    </Border> 
                                </StackPanel> 
                                 
                                <ControlTemplate.Triggers> 
                                    <Trigger Property="IsMouseOver" Value="True"> 
                                        <Setter TargetName="Border" Property="Background" Value="#FFC2E0FF"/> 
                                        <Setter TargetName="Border" Property="BorderBrush" Value="#FF3399FF"/> 
                                    </Trigger> 
                                </ControlTemplate.Triggers> 
                            </ControlTemplate> 
                        </Setter.Value> 
                    </Setter> 
</Style> 
            </Button.Resources> 
        </Button>

3.在DataTemplate中使用trigger

在DataTemplate中使用trigger可以根据绑定的数据不同显示不同的内容。

<TreeView Name="_tree" Margin="0" BorderThickness="0" VerticalAlignment="Stretch" Background="Transparent" ItemsSource="{Binding Children}" > 
                <TreeView.ItemTemplate> 
                    <HierarchicalDataTemplate ItemsSource="{Binding Children}"> 
                        <Border CornerRadius="0" Margin="1"  x:Name="back" MinWidth="70" 
                                Background="Transparent" DataContext="{Binding}" PreviewMouseMove="TreeItem_PreviewMouseMove"> 
                            <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Margin="2"> 
                                <Image x:Name="BGimage" Source="/Vdc3D.Coms.DModelEditor;component/Images/item.png" Height="15" Width="15" /> 
                                <TextBlock Text="{Binding ShowText}" Margin="2 0"/> 
                            </StackPanel> 
                            <Border.ContextMenu> 
                                <ContextMenu x:Name="menu" > 
                                    <MenuItem Header="Add Directory" x:Name="menu_addDir" Click="AddDir_Click" DataContext="{Binding}"/> 
                                    <MenuItem Header="Add Property" x:Name="menu_addChild"  Click="AddChild_Click" DataContext="{Binding}"/> 
                                    <MenuItem Header="Edit" Click="Modify_Click" DataContext="{Binding}"/> 
                                    <MenuItem Header="Delete" Click="Delete_Click" DataContext="{Binding}"/> 
                                </ContextMenu> 
                            </Border.ContextMenu> 
                        </Border> 
                        <HierarchicalDataTemplate.Triggers> 
                            <MultiDataTrigger> 
                                <MultiDataTrigger.Conditions> 
                                    <Condition Binding="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=FindAncestor,AncestorType={x:Type TreeViewItem}},Path=IsExpanded}"  Value="False"/> 
                                    <Condition Binding="{Binding IsDir}" Value="True"/> 
                                </MultiDataTrigger.Conditions> 
                                <MultiDataTrigger.Setters> 
                                    <Setter TargetName="BGimage" Property="Source" Value="/Vdc3D.Coms.DModelEditor;component/Images/dir.png" /> 
                                </MultiDataTrigger.Setters> 
                            </MultiDataTrigger> 
                            <MultiDataTrigger> 
                                <MultiDataTrigger.Conditions> 
                                    <Condition Binding="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=FindAncestor,AncestorType={x:Type TreeViewItem}},Path=IsExpanded}"  Value="True"/> 
                                    <Condition Binding="{Binding IsDir}" Value="True"/> 
                                </MultiDataTrigger.Conditions> 
                                <MultiDataTrigger.Setters> 
                                    <Setter TargetName="BGimage" Property="Source" Value="/Vdc3D.Coms.DModelEditor;component/Images/dir_open.png" /> 
                                </MultiDataTrigger.Setters> 
                            </MultiDataTrigger> 
                            <DataTrigger Binding="{Binding IsDir}" Value="True"> 
                                <Setter TargetName="menu_addDir"  Property="Visibility" Value="Visible"/> 
                                <Setter TargetName="menu_addChild"  Property="Visibility" Value="Visible"/> 
                            </DataTrigger> 
                            <DataTrigger Binding="{Binding IsDir}" Value="False"> 
                                <Setter TargetName="menu_addDir"  Property="Visibility" Value="Collapsed"/> 
                                <Setter TargetName="menu_addChild"  Property="Visibility" Value="Collapsed"/> 
                            </DataTrigger> 
                        </HierarchicalDataTemplate.Triggers> 
                    </HierarchicalDataTemplate> 
                </TreeView.ItemTemplate> 
            </TreeView>

这是一个treeview控件根据绑定的isdir值不同可以显示icon是一个目录（文件夹）或者是一个文件，看是不是很简单呢

补充，button控件从资源样式中使用MultiTrigger

<Window x:Class="WpfApp9.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApp9"
        mc:Ignorable="d"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="450" Width="800">
    <Window.Resources>
        <Style x:Key="baseButtonStyle"  TargetType="Button">
            <Setter Property="FontSize" Value="30"/>
            <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="Blue"/>
            <Setter Property="Background" Value="Gray"/>
            <Setter Property="BorderBrush">
                <Setter.Value>
                    <LinearGradientBrush StartPoint="0,0" EndPoint="0,1">
                        <GradientStop Offset="0" Color="#FFFF7300"/>
                        <GradientStop Offset="1" Color="#03FF0000"/>
                    </LinearGradientBrush>
                </Setter.Value>
            </Setter>
            <Style.Triggers>
                <!--<Trigger Property="IsMouseOver" Value="True">
                    <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="Red"/>
                    <Setter Property="FontSize" Value="20"/>
                </Trigger>-->
                <MultiTrigger>
                    <MultiTrigger.Conditions>
                        <Condition Property="IsMouseOver" Value="true"/>
                        <Condition Property="IsFocused" Value="true"/>
                    </MultiTrigger.Conditions>
                    <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="Red"/>
                    <Setter Property="FontSize" Value="20"/>
                </MultiTrigger>
            </Style.Triggers>
</Style>
        <Style x:Key="baseButtonStyle1"  TargetType="Button" BasedOn="{StaticResource baseButtonStyle}">
            <Setter Property="Width" Value="100"/>
            <Setter Property="Height" Value="40"/>
</Style>
        <Style x:Key="baseButtonStyle2"  TargetType="Button" BasedOn="{StaticResource baseButtonStyle1}">
            <Setter Property="Width" Value="120"/>
            <Setter Property="Height" Value="50"/>
</Style>
    </Window.Resources>
    <Grid>
        <StackPanel>
            <Button Style="{StaticResource baseButtonStyle}" Content="hello"/>
            <Button Style="{StaticResource baseButtonStyle1}" Content="hello"/>
            <Button Style="{StaticResource baseButtonStyle2}" Content="hello"/>
        </StackPanel>
    </Grid>
</Window>

以上只是简单的介绍了trigger的一些用法，具体的功能大家可以自由发挥，这也是wpf的强大之处

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原始发表：2021-01-15，如有侵权请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除

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