linux上安装python3, 保留python2
原创
首先, linux系统中自带python2, 所以可以直接使用python命令, 注意, 安装python2不能卸载
- 安装依赖
rpm
sudo yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel sqlite sqlite-devel openssl-develdeb
sudo apt-get install make build-essential libssl-dev zlib1g-dev libbz2-dev libsqlite3-dev首先要先安装依赖, 不然后面安装python时将不会自动安装pip
- 下载python
ftp站点
https://www.python.org/ftp/python在上面的页面中找到需要下载的包, 然后使用命令
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.5.4/Python-3.5.4.tar.xz下载完成之后在当前运行wget命令的目录下就可以看到下载的文件
然后tar命令解压, 如下
tar -xf Python-3.5.4.tar.xz就会得到Python-3.5.4名文件夹
创建一个需要存放安装文件的文件夹,例如我创建的路径/usr/local/python3/
mkdir -p /usr/local/python3然后cd进入Python-3.5.4
执行编译安装
sudo ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3/
sudo make
sudo make install执行完成make install后, 其输出如
Collecting setuptools
Collecting pip
Installing collected packages: setuptools, pip
Successfully installed pip-9.0.1 setuptools-28.8.0
[root@10-9-183-29 Python-3.5.4]# 即表示安装完成了, 并安装了pip
之后查看安装路径的结构信息如
[root@10-9-183-29 Python-3.5.4]# cd /usr/local/python3/
[root@10-9-183-29 python3]# ls
bin include lib share
[root@10-9-183-29 python3]#
[root@10-9-183-29 python3]# cd bin
[root@10-9-183-29 bin]# ls
2to3 2to3-3.5 easy_install-3.5 idle3 idle3.5 pip3 pip3.5 pydoc3 pydoc3.5 python3 python3.5 python3.5-config python3.5m python3.5m-config python3-config pyvenv pyvenv-3.5
[root@10-9-183-29 bin]# ls -l
total 24128
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Sep 3 10:25 2to3 -> 2to3-3.5
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 109 Sep 3 10:25 2to3-3.5
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 250 Sep 3 10:25 easy_install-3.5
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Sep 3 10:25 idle3 -> idle3.5
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 107 Sep 3 10:25 idle3.5
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 222 Sep 3 10:25 pip3
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 222 Sep 3 10:25 pip3.5
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Sep 3 10:25 pydoc3 -> pydoc3.5
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 92 Sep 3 10:25 pydoc3.5
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Sep 3 10:25 python3 -> python3.5
-rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 12334016 Sep 3 10:25 python3.5
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Sep 3 10:25 python3.5-config -> python3.5m-config
-rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 12334016 Sep 3 10:25 python3.5m
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3088 Sep 3 10:25 python3.5m-config
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 Sep 3 10:25 python3-config -> python3.5-config
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Sep 3 10:25 pyvenv -> pyvenv-3.5
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 244 Sep 3 10:25 pyvenv-3.5
[root@10-9-183-29 bin]# 这里可以通过配置环境变量来使用python3命令, 当然也可以直接将python3命令通过软连接到/usr/bin目录下
不过看上面的输出可以知道
python3是python3.5的软连接
pip3则没有软连接
则要使用python3命令即可以直接将这个python3文件复制到/usr/bin目录下
要使用pip3命令则可以使用创建软连接的方式来使用
如 在当前目录(安装目录的bin)下执行命令
cp python3 /usr/bin/
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3这样就完成了
在/usr/bin目录下查看
[root@10-9-183-29 bin]# ls -l | grep pip
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2291 Jul 31 2015 lesspipe.sh
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 27 Sep 3 10:39 pip3 -> /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3
[root@10-9-183-29 bin]# ls -l | grep python
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 27 Sep 3 10:39 pip3 -> /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Sep 2 21:42 python -> python2
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Sep 2 21:42 python2 -> python2.7
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7216 Jul 13 21:07 python2.7
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 12334016 Sep 3 10:37 python3
[root@10-9-183-29 bin]# output:
[root@10-9-183-29 automatic_monitor]# yum install openssl-devel
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
10gen | 2.5 kB 00:00:00
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
centosplus | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
epel | 3.2 kB 00:00:00
extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
(1/2): epel/x86_64/updateinfo | 939 kB 00:00:00
(2/2): epel/x86_64/primary | 3.6 MB 00:00:01
epel 12663/12663
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package openssl-devel.x86_64 1:1.0.2k-12.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: zlib-devel(x86-64) for package: 1:openssl-devel-1.0.2k-12.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: krb5-devel(x86-64) for package: 1:openssl-devel-1.0.2k-12.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package krb5-devel.x86_64 0:1.15.1-19.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libkadm5(x86-64) = 1.15.1-19.el7 for package: krb5-devel-1.15.1-19.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libverto-devel for package: krb5-devel-1.15.1-19.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libselinux-devel for package: krb5-devel-1.15.1-19.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libcom_err-devel for package: krb5-devel-1.15.1-19.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: keyutils-libs-devel for package: krb5-devel-1.15.1-19.el7.x86_64
---> Package zlib-devel.x86_64 0:1.2.7-17.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package keyutils-libs-devel.x86_64 0:1.5.8-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package libcom_err-devel.x86_64 0:1.42.9-12.el7_5 will be installed
---> Package libkadm5.x86_64 0:1.15.1-19.el7 will be installed
---> Package libselinux-devel.x86_64 0:2.5-12.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libsepol-devel(x86-64) >= 2.5-6 for package: libselinux-devel-2.5-12.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: pkgconfig(libsepol) for package: libselinux-devel-2.5-12.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: pkgconfig(libpcre) for package: libselinux-devel-2.5-12.el7.x86_64
---> Package libverto-devel.x86_64 0:0.2.5-4.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package libsepol-devel.x86_64 0:2.5-8.1.el7 will be installed
---> Package pcre-devel.x86_64 0:8.32-17.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
==============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
==============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
openssl-devel x86_64 1:1.0.2k-12.el7 base 1.5 M
Installing for dependencies:
keyutils-libs-devel x86_64 1.5.8-3.el7 base 37 k
krb5-devel x86_64 1.15.1-19.el7 updates 269 k
libcom_err-devel x86_64 1.42.9-12.el7_5 updates 31 k
libkadm5 x86_64 1.15.1-19.el7 updates 175 k
libselinux-devel x86_64 2.5-12.el7 base 186 k
libsepol-devel x86_64 2.5-8.1.el7 base 77 k
libverto-devel x86_64 0.2.5-4.el7 base 12 k
pcre-devel x86_64 8.32-17.el7 base 480 k
zlib-devel x86_64 1.2.7-17.el7 base 50 k
Transaction Summary
==============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package (+9 Dependent packages)
Total download size: 2.8 M
Installed size: 6.0 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
(1/10): keyutils-libs-devel-1.5.8-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 37 kB 00:00:00
(2/10): libcom_err-devel-1.42.9-12.el7_5.x86_64.rpm | 31 kB 00:00:00
(3/10): krb5-devel-1.15.1-19.el7.x86_64.rpm | 269 kB 00:00:00
(4/10): libkadm5-1.15.1-19.el7.x86_64.rpm | 175 kB 00:00:00
(5/10): libselinux-devel-2.5-12.el7.x86_64.rpm | 186 kB 00:00:00
(6/10): libverto-devel-0.2.5-4.el7.x86_64.rpm | 12 kB 00:00:00
(7/10): libsepol-devel-2.5-8.1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 77 kB 00:00:00
(8/10): openssl-devel-1.0.2k-12.el7.x86_64.rpm | 1.5 MB 00:00:00
(9/10): zlib-devel-1.2.7-17.el7.x86_64.rpm | 50 kB 00:00:00
(10/10): pcre-devel-8.32-17.el7.x86_64.rpm | 480 kB 00:00:00
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 11 MB/s | 2.8 MB 00:00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : keyutils-libs-devel-1.5.8-3.el7.x86_64 1/10
Installing : libcom_err-devel-1.42.9-12.el7_5.x86_64 2/10
Installing : libkadm5-1.15.1-19.el7.x86_64 3/10
Installing : libsepol-devel-2.5-8.1.el7.x86_64 4/10
Installing : pcre-devel-8.32-17.el7.x86_64 5/10
Installing : libselinux-devel-2.5-12.el7.x86_64 6/10
Installing : libverto-devel-0.2.5-4.el7.x86_64 7/10
Installing : krb5-devel-1.15.1-19.el7.x86_64 8/10
Installing : zlib-devel-1.2.7-17.el7.x86_64 9/10
Installing : 1:openssl-devel-1.0.2k-12.el7.x86_64 10/10
Verifying : krb5-devel-1.15.1-19.el7.x86_64 1/10
Verifying : zlib-devel-1.2.7-17.el7.x86_64 2/10
Verifying : 1:openssl-devel-1.0.2k-12.el7.x86_64 3/10
Verifying : libverto-devel-0.2.5-4.el7.x86_64 4/10
Verifying : libselinux-devel-2.5-12.el7.x86_64 5/10
Verifying : pcre-devel-8.32-17.el7.x86_64 6/10
Verifying : libsepol-devel-2.5-8.1.el7.x86_64 7/10
Verifying : libkadm5-1.15.1-19.el7.x86_64 8/10
Verifying : libcom_err-devel-1.42.9-12.el7_5.x86_64 9/10
Verifying : keyutils-libs-devel-1.5.8-3.el7.x86_64 10/10
Installed:
openssl-devel.x86_64 1:1.0.2k-12.el7
Dependency Installed:
keyutils-libs-devel.x86_64 0:1.5.8-3.el7 krb5-devel.x86_64 0:1.15.1-19.el7 libcom_err-devel.x86_64 0:1.42.9-12.el7_5 libkadm5.x86_64 0:1.15.1-19.el7 libselinux-devel.x86_64 0:2.5-12.el7 libsepol-devel.x86_64 0:2.5-8.1.el7 libverto-devel.x86_64 0:0.2.5-4.el7
pcre-devel.x86_64 0:8.32-17.el7 zlib-devel.x86_64 0:1.2.7-17.el7
Complete!
[root@10-9-183-29 automatic_monitor]# yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel sqlite sqlite-devel openssl-devel
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Package zlib-devel-1.2.7-17.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package sqlite-3.7.17-8.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package 1:openssl-devel-1.0.2k-12.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package bzip2-devel.x86_64 0:1.0.6-13.el7 will be installed
---> Package sqlite-devel.x86_64 0:3.7.17-8.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
==============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
==============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
bzip2-devel x86_64 1.0.6-13.el7 base 218 k
sqlite-devel x86_64 3.7.17-8.el7 base 104 k
Transaction Summary
==============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Install 2 Packages
Total download size: 322 k
Installed size: 748 k
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
(1/2): bzip2-devel-1.0.6-13.el7.x86_64.rpm | 218 kB 00:00:00
(2/2): sqlite-devel-3.7.17-8.el7.x86_64.rpm | 104 kB 00:00:00
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 2.3 MB/s | 322 kB 00:00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : sqlite-devel-3.7.17-8.el7.x86_64 1/2
Installing : bzip2-devel-1.0.6-13.el7.x86_64 2/2
Verifying : bzip2-devel-1.0.6-13.el7.x86_64 1/2
Verifying : sqlite-devel-3.7.17-8.el7.x86_64 2/2
Installed:
bzip2-devel.x86_64 0:1.0.6-13.el7 sqlite-devel.x86_64 0:3.7.17-8.el7
Complete!
[root@10-9-183-29 automatic_monitor]# 文章来自微信公众号: 程序员品
原创声明：本文系作者授权腾讯云开发者社区发表，未经许可，不得转载。
如有侵权，请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除。
原创声明：本文系作者授权腾讯云开发者社区发表，未经许可，不得转载。
如有侵权，请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除。
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