一、虚拟环境搭建.
一、虚拟环境介绍
Python虚拟环境的主要目的是为了给不同的工程创建相互独立的运行环境。在虚拟环境下,每一个工程都有自己独立的依赖包,而与其它的工程无关。不同的虚拟环境中同一个包可以有不同的版本,并且,虚拟环境的数量没有限制,我们可以轻松的地用virtualenv或者pipenv等工具来创建多个虚拟环境。
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二、virtualenv的安装和应用
(windows)安装步骤:
1.创建一个存放虚拟环境的目录例如(.virtualenv)
2.pip 安装 virtualenv
3.pip 安装虚拟环境的管理包virtualenvwrapper-win
4.配置环境变量(变量名:WORKON_HOME值:上面的创建目录路径)
5.进入cmd下输入workon出现如下图说明安装成功了。
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virtualenv的使用命令
虚拟命令的一些命令:
wokon列出所有的虚拟环境
workon 【name】 进入指定的虚拟环境
deactivate 退出当前的虚拟环境
mkvirtualenv 【name】创建虚拟环境
rmvirtualenv 【name】删除虚拟环境
包安装:虚拟环境下安装对应的依赖包,进入虚拟环境直接使用pip install 进行安装
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pipenv的安装和使用
pipenv集成了pip,virtualenv两者的功能,且完善了两者的一些缺陷。
过去使用virtualenv管理requirements.txt文件可能会有问题,pipenv使用pipfile和pipfile.lock,前者用来记录项目依赖包列表,后者记录了固定版本的详细依赖列表,查看依赖关系是十分方便。支持python2、python3,mac、win、linux在各个平台的命令一样的。
安装pip install pipenv
创建虚拟环境
第一步创建文件夹 mkdir py3env
第二步进入文件夹 cd py3env
第三步初始化虚拟环境 pipenv install
Pipfile.lock not found, creating…
Locking [dev-packages] dependencies…
Locking [packages] dependencies…
Updated Pipfile.lock (ca72e7)!
Installing dependencies from Pipfile.lock (ca72e7)…
================================ 0/0 - 00:00:00
To activate this project's virtualenv, run pipenv shell.
Alternatively, run a command inside the virtualenv with pipenv run.
D:\workspace\python01>
Using c:\python3.6\python.exe (3.6.7) to create virtualenv…
created virtual environment CPython3.6.7.candidate.2-64 in 1383ms
creator CPython3Windows(dest=C:\Users\hewencheng\.virtualenvs\python01-4K2rx9Jw, clear=False, global=False)
seeder FromAppData(download=False, pip=bundle, setuptools=bundle, wheel=bundle, via=copy, app_data_dir=C:\Users\hewencheng\AppData\Local\pypa\virtualenv)
added seed packages: pip==20.2.4, setuptools==50.3.2, wheel==0.35.1
activators BashActivator,BatchActivator,FishActivator,PowerShellActivator,PythonActivator,XonshActivator
Virtualenv location: C:\Users\hewencheng\.virtualenvs\python01-4K2rx9Jw
Creating a Pipfile for this project…
Pipfile.lock not found, creating…
Locking [dev-packages] dependencies…
Locking [packages] dependencies…
Updated Pipfile.lock (ca72e7)!
Installing dependencies from Pipfile.lock (ca72e7)…
================================ 0/0 - 00:00:00
To activate this project's virtualenv, run pipenv shell.
Alternatively, run a command inside the virtualenv with pipenv run.
D:\workspace\python01>
Using c:\python3.6\python.exe (3.6.7) to create virtualenv…
created virtual environment CPython3.6.7.candidate.2-64 in 1383ms
creator CPython3Windows(dest=C:\Users\hewencheng\.virtualenvs\python01-4K2rx9Jw, clear=False, global=False)
seeder FromAppData(download=False, pip=bundle, setuptools=bundle, wheel=bundle, via=copy, app_data_dir=C:\Users\hewencheng\AppData\Local\pypa\virtualenv)
added seed packages: pip==20.2.4, setuptools==50.3.2, wheel==0.35.1
activators BashActivator,BatchActivator,FishActivator,PowerShellActivator,PythonActivator,XonshActivator
Virtualenv location: C:\Users\hewencheng\.virtualenvs\python01-4K2rx9Jw
Creating a Pipfile for this project…
Pipfile.lock not found, creating…
Locking [dev-packages] dependencies…
Locking [packages] dependencies…
Updated Pipfile.lock (ca72e7)!
Installing dependencies from Pipfile.lock (ca72e7)…
================================ 0/0 - 00:00:00
To activate this project's virtualenv, run pipenv shell.
Alternatively, run a command inside the virtualenv with pipenv run.
D:\workspace\python01>
创建好虚拟环境后生成:一个Pipfile和pipfile.lock文件
第四步用pipenv install requests包
Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/a2/38/928ddce2273eaa564f6f50de919327bf3a00f091b5baba8dfa9460f3a8a8/idna-2.10-py2.py3-none-any.whl (58 k
B)
Collecting urllib3!=1.25.0,!=1.25.1,<1.26,>=1.21.1
Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/56/aa/4ef5aa67a9a62505db124a5cb5262332d1d4153462eb8fd89c9fa41e5d92/urllib3-1.25.11-py2.py3-none-any.whl
(127 kB)
Collecting certifi>=2017.4.17
Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/5e/c4/6c4fe722df5343c33226f0b4e0bb042e4dc13483228b4718baf286f86d87/certifi-2020.6.20-py2.py3-none-any.w
hl (156 kB)
Installing collected packages: chardet, idna, urllib3, certifi, requests
Successfully installed certifi-2020.6.20 chardet-3.0.4 idna-2.10 requests-2.24.0 urllib3-1.25.11
Adding requests to Pipfile's [packages]…
Pipfile.lock (d89249) out of date, updating to (ca72e7)…
Locking [dev-packages] dependencies…
Locking [packages] dependencies…
Updated Pipfile.lock (d89249)!
Installing dependencies from Pipfile.lock (d89249)…
================================ 5/5 - 00:00:02
To activate this project's virtualenv, run pipenv shell.
Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/a2/38/928ddce2273eaa564f6f50de919327bf3a00f091b5baba8dfa9460f3a8a8/idna-2.10-py2.py3-none-any.whl (58 k
B)
Collecting urllib3!=1.25.0,!=1.25.1,<1.26,>=1.21.1
Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/56/aa/4ef5aa67a9a62505db124a5cb5262332d1d4153462eb8fd89c9fa41e5d92/urllib3-1.25.11-py2.py3-none-any.whl
(127 kB)
Collecting certifi>=2017.4.17
Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/5e/c4/6c4fe722df5343c33226f0b4e0bb042e4dc13483228b4718baf286f86d87/certifi-2020.6.20-py2.py3-none-any.w
hl (156 kB)
Installing collected packages: chardet, idna, urllib3, certifi, requests
Successfully installed certifi-2020.6.20 chardet-3.0.4 idna-2.10 requests-2.24.0 urllib3-1.25.11
Adding requests to Pipfile's [packages]…
Pipfile.lock (d89249) out of date, updating to (ca72e7)…
Locking [dev-packages] dependencies…
Locking [packages] dependencies…
Updated Pipfile.lock (d89249)!
Installing dependencies from Pipfile.lock (d89249)…
================================ 5/5 - 00:00:02
To activate this project's virtualenv, run pipenv shell.
Alternatively, run a command inside the virtualenv with pipenv run.
安装成功
使用pipenv环境迁移
拷贝pipfile和pipfile.lock文件到迁移的路径下使用命令pipenv install迁移即可。使用pipenv graph查看包
D:\workspace\python01\test1>pipenv graph
flash==1.0.3
requests==2.24.0
- certifi [required: >=2017.4.17, installed: 2020.6.20]
- chardet [required: >=3.0.2,<4, installed: 3.0.4]
- idna [required: >=2.5,<3, installed: 2.10]
- urllib3 [required: >=1.21.1,<1.26,!=1.25.1,!=1.25.0, installed: 1.25.11]
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