【Java8新特性】Stream API有哪些中间操作？看完你也可以吊打面试官！！

protected List<Employee> list = Arrays.asList(
    new Employee("张三", 18, 9999.99),
    new Employee("李四", 38, 5555.55),
    new Employee("王五", 60, 6666.66),
    new Employee("赵六", 8, 7777.77),
    new Employee("田七", 58, 3333.33)
);

@Data
@Builder
@ToString
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class Employee implements Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -9079722457749166858L;
    private String name;
    private Integer age;
    private Double salary;
}

Stream<T> filter(Predicate<? super T> predicate);

@FunctionalInterface
public interface Predicate<T> {

    boolean test(T t);

    default Predicate<T> and(Predicate<? super T> other) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(other);
        return (t) -> test(t) && other.test(t);
    }

    default Predicate<T> negate() {
        return (t) -> !test(t);
    }

    default Predicate<T> or(Predicate<? super T> other) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(other);
        return (t) -> test(t) || other.test(t);
    }

    static <T> Predicate<T> isEqual(Object targetRef) {
        return (null == targetRef)
                ? Objects::isNull
                : object -> targetRef.equals(object);
    }
}

//内部迭代：在此过程中没有进行过迭代，由Stream api进行迭代
//中间操作：不会执行任何操作
Stream<Person> stream = list.stream().filter((e) -> {
    System.out.println("Stream API 中间操作");
    return e.getAge() > 30;
});

//外部迭代
Iterator<Person> it = list.iterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
    System.out.println(it.next());
}

Stream<T> limit(long maxSize);

//过滤之后取2个值
list.stream().filter((e) -> e.getAge() >30 ).limit(2).forEach(System.out :: println);

Stream<T> skip(long n);

//跳过前2个值
list.stream().skip(2).forEach(System.out :: println);

Stream<T> distinct();

list.stream().distinct().forEach(System.out :: println);

<R> Stream<R> map(Function<? super T, ? extends R> mapper);

//将流中每一个元素都映射到map的函数中，每个元素执行这个函数，再返回
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("aaa", "bbb", "ccc", "ddd");
list.stream().map((e) -> e.toUpperCase()).forEach(System.out::printf);

//获取Person中的每一个人得名字name，再返回一个集合
List<String> names = this.list.stream().map(Person :: getName).collect(Collectors.toList());

<R> Stream<R> flatMap(Function<? super T, ? extends Stream<? extends R>> mapper);

/**
     * flatMap —— 接收一个函数作为参数，将流中的每个值都换成一个流，然后把所有流连接成一个流
     */
    @Test
    public void testFlatMap () {
        StreamAPI_Test s = new StreamAPI_Test();
        List<String> list = Arrays.asList("aaa", "bbb", "ccc", "ddd");
        list.stream().flatMap((e) -> s.filterCharacter(e)).forEach(System.out::println);

        //如果使用map则需要这样写
        list.stream().map((e) -> s.filterCharacter(e)).forEach((e) -> {
            e.forEach(System.out::println);
        });
    }

    /**
     * 将一个字符串转换为流
     */
    public Stream<Character> filterCharacter(String str){
        List<Character> list = new ArrayList<>();
        for (Character ch : str.toCharArray()) {
            list.add(ch);
        }
        return list.stream();
    }

Stream<T> sorted();
Stream<T> sorted(Comparator<? super T> comparator);

// 自然排序
List<Employee> persons = list.stream().sorted().collect(Collectors.toList());

//定制排序
List<Employee> persons1 = list.stream().sorted((e1, e2) -> {
    if (e1.getAge() == e2.getAge()) {
        return 0;
    } else if (e1.getAge() > e2.getAge()) {
        return 1;
    } else {
        return -1;
    }
}).collect(Collectors.toList());